Leif Skiftenes Flak

• Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Vannebo, Berit Irene & Valberg, Silje (2025). The role of digital platforms for robust governance. I Ansell, Christopher; Sørensen, Eva; Torfing, Jacob & Trondal, Jarle (Red.), Robust Public Governance in a Turbulent Era. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781803928791. s. 147–162. doi: 10.4337/9781803928807.00012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Public governance is increasingly being challenged by various forms of turbulence. Consequently, there is emerging awareness of the need for more robust governance strategies to manage turbulence and avoid crises. While public organizations have widely used digital technologies for decades, the relationship between digital technologies and robust governance remains largely unexplored. This chapter explores if and how digital platforms can support strategies for robust governance by examining three empirical cases. The empirical evidence illustrates how digital platforms were integral to two robustness strategies and how they can serve as critical infrastructure for robust governance in different policy areas. Conceptually, digital platforms have considerable potential as instruments for robust governance, well beyond what we observed in different municipalities and policy areas. However, realizing the potential of digital platforms in governance strategies seems to be contingent on addressing issues related to multi-level governance, digital maturity, and developing an ecosystem governance mindset.

• Kussl, Sebastian; Wald, Andreas Erich & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2025). Change must come from within: A Study of Digital Transformation in Construction Client Organisations. Journal of construction engineering and management. ISSN 0733-9364. 151(3), s. 05024017-1–05024017-13. doi: 10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-1508. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Digital transformation strategies in various industries are shifting stakeholders’ expectations regarding the construction sector’s capacity to provide efficient and high-value digital solutions. In response, construction organizations are adopting digital technologies to enhance the efficiency, effectiveness, and overall quality of their design, operations and project delivery. Despite the growing prevalence of digital technologies, the construction sector lags in its effective adoption and benefit realization. The construction literature predominantly addresses a direct link between the use of digital technology and its attributed benefits, overlooking the critical dimension of intraorganizational change to realize them. A notable gap exists in the systematic understanding of how construction organizations define and approach digital transformation in their daily practices and how it can be conceptualized for the construction sector. This study pivots toward exploring organizational-level impacts of digital technology implementation and delves into the evolution of strategic assumptions and management practices essential for realizing digital transformation, a concept developed in the management and information system literature. Because construction client organizations play a pivotal role in driving industry-wide change, 24 experts from six organizations across four countries were interviewed by employing an exploratory qualitative research approach. The findings underscore a critical insight: the effectiveness of digital technology implementation in construction hinges significantly on an organization’s readiness to embrace holistic, internal change. This study proposes a conceptual model centered on innovation management, business transformation, data precedence, change leadership, and digital governance, framing these as the essential elements for harnessing the full potential of digital technology. This study contributes to the evolving discussion of digital transformation in the construction sector, highlighting that fundamental changes cannot solely be imposed through external forces; instead, they must originate internally—“change must come from within.”

• Kussl, Sebastian; Wald, Andreas Erich & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2025). Change Must Come from within: Study of Digital Transformation in Construction Client Organizations. Journal of construction engineering and management. ISSN 0733-9364. 151(3). doi: 10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-15089. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Digital transformation strategies in various industries are shifting stakeholders’ expectations regarding the construction sector’s capacity to provide efficient and high-value digital solutions. In response, construction organizations are adopting digital technologies to enhance the efficiency, effectiveness, and overall quality of their design, operations and project delivery. Despite the growing prevalence of digital technologies, the construction sector lags in its effective adoption and benefit realization. The construction literature predominantly addresses a direct link between the use of digital technology and its attributed benefits, overlooking the critical dimension of intraorganizational change to realize them. A notable gap exists in the systematic understanding of how construction organizations define and approach digital transformation in their daily practices and how it can be conceptualized for the construction sector. This study pivots toward exploring organizational-level impacts of digital technology implementation and delves into the evolution of strategic assumptions and management practices essential for realizing digital transformation, a concept developed in the management and information system literature. Because construction client organizations play a pivotal role in driving industry-wide change, 24 experts from six organizations across four countries were interviewed by employing an exploratory qualitative research approach. The findings underscore a critical insight: the effectiveness of digital technology implementation in construction hinges significantly on an organization’s readiness to embrace holistic, internal change. This study proposes a conceptual model centered on innovation management, business transformation, data precedence, change leadership, and digital governance, framing these as the essential elements for harnessing the full potential of digital technology. This study contributes to the evolving discussion of digital transformation in the construction sector, highlighting that fundamental changes cannot solely be imposed through external forces; instead, they must originate internally—“change must come from within.”

• Lindseth, Henrik; Rygg, Jostein; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Hustad, Eli (2024). Enhancing Sustainable Development through Artificial Intelligence: Insights from Expert Interviews. I Nanos, Ioannis; Stafyla, Amalia & Stefanou, Constantinos J. (Red.), 18th ICESALM 2024 Conference Proceedings. International Hellenic University. ISSN 9786185630195. s. 51–73. doi: https:/icesalm.gr/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/18th-ICESALM-2024_Proceedings.pdf. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Recently, sustainability has gained increased attention as a pivotal concept in business, amplified by the latest climate report from the United Nations (UN), indicating a critical juncture in meeting climate goals. Concurrently, there is growing interest in exploring the intersection of sustainable development and artificial intelligence (AI), driven by advancements in algorithms, processing power, and data availability. This emerging field seeks to investigate the potential of AI to facilitate sustainability, an area that has yet to be extensively explored. Utilizing the sustainability goals from UN as a benchmark, the study has explored (1) sustainability practices and strategies in Norwegian businesses, (2) the adoption effort of AI within these businesses, and (3) how AI can act as a catalyst for sustainable development in line with the sustainability goals of UN. Employing a qualitative approach, we conducted eleven expert interviews in ten companies operating in the IT industry. Overall, the study suggests that AI can positively influence sustainability and underscores the need for future research to identify critical success factors for AI adoption while mitigating potential negative impacts of AI on sustainable development.

• Engvall, Tove Sofia; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Sæbø, Øystein (2023). The role of digital technologies in global climate negotiations. Government Information Quarterly: an international journal of information technology management, policies, and practices. ISSN 0740-624X. 40(4). doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2023.101867. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Digital technologies are increasingly used in global climate negotiations to enhance interaction and participation. However, global climate negotiations are characterized by paradoxes and tensions that complicate the resolution of the problem. Thus, the use of digital technologies can only be effective if orchestrated with an understanding of underlying global climate negotiations paradoxes. The objective of this paper is to identify research needs related to the intersection of global climate negotiations, paradoxes, and the use of digital technologies. We propose a research agenda based on paradoxes of global climate negotiations at different levels of online interaction. Two streams of research inform our research agenda: paradox theory and research on online communities. We illustrate our reasoning by discussing digital support for the United Nation's Conference of the Parties (COP) meetings for climate negotiations. The research agenda contributes to the digital governance field by sensitizing the community of the underlying paradoxes in global governance. The combination of online communities research and paradox theory offer novel guidance on complexity and potential challenges when applying digital technologies in global climate negotiations. Our research agenda can be used to develop appropriate response strategies as it highlights challenges in need of attention.

• Anaya, Luay; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Abushakra, Ahmad (2023). Realizing Sustainable Value from ERP Systems Implementation. Sustainability. 15(7). doi: 10.3390/su15075783. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Krogstie, John; Sommerfeldt, Simen; Riise, Andreas Louis; Berge, Louise; Fjeldvær, Martin & Bjørnhaug, Kristian [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Development of a Toolbox on Sustainable ICT across Industry and Academia: The goforIT project. NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning. ISSN 1892-0713. 2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  ICT plays an important role in assuring both environmental, economic, individual, technical and social sustainability. While sustainability is commonly understood at the general level, it was realized at a joint academia-industry panel at the Norwegian ICT conference in November 2019 that ICT-professionals did not necessarily know how they work to develop sustainable solutions. This also applied at the time to academia: Lecturers and those responsible for study programs did not know what should be taught in the different subjects. On this background goforIT (Gønn omstilling for IT-bransjen) was established in February 2020 by a small group of companies and universities. The development and use of the Sustainability Competence Toolkit is one of the major undertakings of goforIT and is expected to be important both for practice and academia. Developing the toolkit is guided by ADR - action design research and service design methodology. , The main results presented in this paper is results from service design within this frame and the current results in a sustainability toolbox. In future work we will investigate how this toolbox is developed through use, supporting the coordinated knowledge development in the area of sustainable ICT in academia and industry.

• Engvall, Tove Sofia & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2022). The state of information infrastructure for global climate governance. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy. ISSN 1750-6166. 16(4). doi: 10.1108/TG-05-2022-0064. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The world is facing global challenges that require international collaboration. This study aims to describe and analyze how digital technologies are applied in global governance to respond to such critical challenges. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply an interpretive case study of climate reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as a case of digitalization in global governance. It includes interviews with officials in the Swedish public administration and the UNFCCC secretariat to cover national and international levels. The authors describe the reporting process and analyze the role of information systems through the lens of information infrastructures. Findings “Information infrastructure” is a valuable instrument to understand digitalization in global governance as a complex interplay between information systems, information, standards, organizations, people and social structures. The level of sophistication is, however, basic with a large potential for improvement – for instance in analytical and communicative services to support evidence-based decision-making and assessment of progress. Research limitations/implications The data collection is limited to one governance process: reporting. Future studies should complement the findings by broadening the scope to other processes. The authors propose that digital global governance is dependent on an effective information infrastructure, and that the five design principles by Hanseth and Lyytinen (2016) offer guidance when developing this. Practical implications The results indicate a large unutilized potential of digital technologies to improve progress assessment, communicate more effectively with stakeholders and identify new ways of visualizing data to support decision making in global climate policy. Social implications Use of digital technologies, as suggested in the article, could strengthen the implementation capability of climate goals, which is of urgent need. Originality/value While most research in digital governance considers the national or municipal level, this study provides empirical insight and theorization of digital technologies in a global governance setting.

• Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Solli-Sæther, Hans & Straub, Detmar W. (2022). A theory of multi-realization of IT value: toward construct clarity in the co-development of large platforms. MIS Quarterly. ISSN 0276-7783. 46(3), s. 1739–1758. doi: 10.25300/MISQ/2022/14492. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Realizing or appropriating value from individual firm-level IT investments has been a recurring theme in the IS literature for decades. Further, failure rates related to IT investments have been high for many years. However, realizing value from IT in settings where numerous organizations need to work together to co-develop sizable digital platforms has been undertheorized and/or hobbled with conflated theoretical constructs. To address this dearth of novel theory and accompanying empiricism, high-quality processes such as benefits management have been suggested in the scientific literature and have gained substantial interest in practice as a means for organizations to structure their routines and processes in ways that actually capture value. The complexity of this challenge suggests that there should be a renewed theoretical effort in IS to reconceptualize several extant scholarly streams. We address this challenge first by deconstructing traditional scholarly frameworks into a moderated theoretical model of multi-creation and multi-realization of IT value termed “MUIT.” The first construct in the model is based on the resource-based view; then, the model is further informed by appropriation theory, adaptive structuration theory, network governance theory, and, finally, the benefits management literature. Our variance model is a Type IV theory according to Gregor’s typology—a theory for explaining and predicting how large- scale strategic consortia can collaborate to realize greater value from IT than they could in isolation. Regarding praxis, we contribute to the understanding of how interorganizational resources and capabilities, relationships, and value realization can be spring-boarded into both successful large-scale platforms and superior realization of benefits.

• Danielsen, Frank; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Sæbø, Øystein (2022). Understanding Digital Transformation in Government. I Flak, Leif Skiftenes (Red.), Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance and Transformation. Springer. ISSN 9783030929459. s. 151–187. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-92945-9_7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Hofmann, Sara (2020). The Impact of Smart City Initiatives on Human Rights. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 2797, s. 165–175. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract: A smart city is a phenomenon where municipalities engage with stakeholders to use ICT for increasing efficiency, sustainability, and quality of life for its citizens and city operations. However, smart city initiatives can at times challenge human rights. While particular human rights such as privacy have been subject to analysis in the digital government field, a complete view on human rights in smart cities has so far been missing in our discipline. It is mainly studies from other disciplines that voice comprehensive concerns about potentially negative impacts of smart cities on human rights. However, they often lack the technological background. This paper reports on a pilot study as an initial exploration of the phenomenon in the digital government field. In our research, we studied both the positive and negative effects of smart cities on human rights by conducting qualitative interviews with citizens and municipal employees with central roles in smart city initiatives. Our results suggest that in addition to privacy and security, the human rights of freedom of expression, adequate standard of living, and equal access to public services are likely to be affected by smart city initiatives.

• Skriubakken, Jon; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Andersen, Erling S. (2020). Gevinstrealisering i digitaliseringsprosjekter. Magma forskning og viten. ISSN 1500-0788. 23(0720), s. 70–78. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Artikkelen tar for seg problematikken rundt gevinstrealiseringen ved fragmenterte tidsgevinster. Det er tidsgevinster som for en organisasjon samlet sett er store, men som må realiseres ved at mange medarbeidere må endre sin arbeidshverdag og dermed spare litt tid hver. Hvordan bør en organisasjon håndtere slike fragmenterte tidsgevinster? Hvordan bør ledelsen følge opp at de potensielle gevinstene blir realisert? Vi belyser spørsmålene gjennom et digitaliseringsprosjekt i videregående skoler i Telemark fylkeskommune. Det er en lovpålagt oppgave å utarbeide skriftlige varsler til elev og foresatte hvis det er tvil om hvorvidt eleven kan få karakter i et fag eller dårlig karakter i orden og oppførsel. I løpet av ett år ble det i Telemark produsert ca. 14 000 slike varsler. Prosessen med å produsere, sende ut og arkivere varslene tok mye tid. En digital tjenesteplattform ble innført for å redusere lærernes tidsbruk. Frigjort tid skulle brukes til økt elevoppfølging. Medarbeidere på ulike nivåer ble intervjuet for å undersøke gevinstrealiseringen. Den kvalitative casestudien viste at til tross for at man ikke slavisk fulgte metodene for gevinstrealisering, ble planlagte gevinster realisert. Til tross for fravær av detaljoppfølging benyttet lærerne den sparte tiden til det som var målet med gevinstrealiseringen – økt elevoppfølging. Studien viste at målforståelse – lærernes oppriktige ønske om at elevene skal lykkes, og ønsket om en enklere administrativ hverdag – var de viktigste driverne for realiseringen. Resultatene fra Telemark gjør at vi foreslår å forenkle metodene for gevinstrealisering for denne typen gevinster. Tydelig kommunikasjon om gevinstene bør erstatte et omfattende byråkrati med kvantitativ oppfølging.

• Danielsen, Frank; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Ronzhyn, Alexander (2019). Cloud Computing in eGovernment: Benefits and Challenges. International Conference on Digital Society and eGovernments (ICDS). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Over the past years, implementation of and research on cloud computing in the eGovernment context have increased substantially. A wide range of benefits and challenges is suggested in the literature. However, these suggestions appear fragmented and disconnected and do not offer a clear overview of the main challenges and benefits. Therefore, there is a need for clarification about both benefits and challenges of cloud computing, especially in the eGovernment context. To address this need, the literature on cloud computing and eGovernment is reviewed in this paper. The findings show that despite the extensive number of benefits and challenges, some stand out from the rest. This paper presents an overview of these, explains them in detail, and suggests avenues for further research.

• Askedal, Kirsti; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Aanestad, Margunn (2019). Five Challenges for Benefits Management in Complex Digitalisation Efforts – and a Research Agenda to Address Current Shortcomings. Electronic Journal of e-Government (EJEG). 17(2), s. 64–78. doi: 10.34190/EJEG.17.2.001. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Over the past decades a number of benefits realisation (BR) frameworks have been developed. The benefits management model (BMM) is considered to be the most widely adopted and is often seen as a reference for good practice in digitalisation efforts in single organisations. However, this literature provides little support for complex, inter‑organisational efforts. This is problematic, considering that digitalisation increasingly involves multiple organisations. To explore this gap, we studied the phenomenon in a Norwegian inter‑organisational eHealth effort. Based on a qualitative study involving 50 interviews, observations and document analyses, we identify five distinct challenges and suggest a research agenda with five propositions for benefits management in complex digitalisation settings that can be further explored and tested by other researchers. The challenges and propositions constitute novel insights into a poorly understood area and contain implications and directions that can benefit both researchers and practitioners working in similar contexts.

• Rose, Jeremy; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Sæbø, Øystein (2018). Stakeholder theory for the E-government context: Framing a value-oriented normative core. Government Information Quarterly: an international journal of information technology management, policies, and practices. ISSN 0740-624X. 35(3), s. 362–374. doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2018.06.005. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Askedal, Kirsti & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2017). Stakeholder Contradictions in Early Stages of eHealth Efforts. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. s. 3431–3440. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2017.415. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Askedal, Kirsti; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Abildsnes, Eirik (2017). Reviewing Effects of ICT in Primary Healthcare Services: A Public Value Perspective. I Strong, Diane & Gogan, Janis (Red.), The 23rd Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS). Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9780996683142. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Askedal, Kirsti; Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Solli-Sæther, Hans & Straub, Detmar W. (2017). Organizational learning to leverage benefits realization management; evidence from a municipal eHealth effort. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 10428 LNCS, s. 142–153. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-64677-0_12. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  While work with benefits realization requires organizational learning to be effective, emphasis on organizational learning is hard to find in benefits realization studies. To remedy this research gap, we study how organizational learning theory can contribute to improve benefits realization processes. A qualitative approach was used to gain in depth understanding of benefits realization in an ICT healthcare services project. We found that individual learning is present, but organizational learning has not been given explicit attention neither in the project nor in the literature of benefits realization management. We argue that the individual learning in the project forms an excellent basis for organizational learning, i.e., in the form of organizational structures, routines, and methods for benefits realization.

• Johannessen, Marius Rohde; Sæbø, Øystein & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2016). Social Media as Public Sphere: A Stakeholder Perspective. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy. ISSN 1750-6166. 10(2), s. 212–238. doi: 10.1108/TG-01-2015-0003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose Despite the potential of social media, it has proven difficult to get people actively involved in the decision-making processes. There is a need for more research on how stakeholders manage and use social media to communicate. Thus, we examine major stakeholders’ communication preferences in eParticipation initiatives and discuss how this affects the public sphere. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted as a qualitative case study. Data sources include interviews, social media content, document analysis and field notes. Findings Communication preferences of stakeholders vary according to their salience level. Stakeholders with higher salience are less likely to participate in social media, while those who are less salient will use every available medium to gain influence. This challenges the opportunity to create a traditional public sphere in social media. Research limitations/implications We contribute to a better understanding of who participates in social media and why. Stakeholder salience analysis shows that in the case of citizen-initiated eParticipation, social media cannot be seen as a Habermasian public sphere. Practical implications We suggest two approaches for government officials’ handling of social media: 1) to treat social media as a channel for input and knowledge about the concerns of citizen groups and 2) to integrate social media in the formal processes of decision making in order to develop consultative statements on specific policy issues. Originality/value Our findings extend current knowledge of the public sphere by adding the stakeholder perspective in addition to existing evaluative models of the public sphere.

• Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Solli-Sæther, Hans & Straub, Detmar (2015). Towards a theoretical model for co-realization of IT value in government. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. 2015-March, s. 2486–2494. doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2015.297. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Anaya, Luay; Olsen, Dag Håkon & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2015). START-UP COMPANY? GET YOUR ERP SYSTEM ASAP!”. I Lambrinoudakis, Kostantinos; Morabito, Vincenzo & Themistocleous, Marinos (Red.), Proceedings of the 12th European, Mediterranean & Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems. University of Pireus og Brunel University. ISSN 9789606897085. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Røberg, Pernille Monstad; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Myrseth, Per (2014). Unveiling Barriers and Enablers of Risk Management in Interoperability Efforts. I Sprague, Ralph H. (Red.), Proceedings of the 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781479925049. s. 2273–2282. doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2014.286. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Engvall, Tove Sofia & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2022). Digital Governance as a Scientific Concept. Springer. ISBN 9783030929442. 435 s. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-92945-9_2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The term eGovernance has been used for almost 2 decades and suggests a relationship between some electronic—or digital—aspects and governance in a traditional form. Several scholars have pointed out that eGovernance has been defined and used in a number of ways in the academic discourse. This is problematic as it may hinder the development of cumulative knowledge and robust theoretical constructs. To investigate how eGovernance has been used and understood, we reviewed the eGovernance and digital governance literature to identify the theoretical foundations and to understand variations in the use of the term. Our overall objective was to contribute to a consolidation of the understanding and use of the term. This chapter suggests that there is considerable variation in how eGovernance is understood and applied in the literature. Recently, some argued that eGovernance has evolved into the term “digital governance”. Although there seem to be more theoretical contributions related to the concept of eGovernance and the digital aspect of digital governance has been slightly more elaborated, we found no clear conceptual distinctions between the two concepts and used digital governance for our conceptualization. To provide clarity, we posit that governance and digital are basic elements of digital governance. Further, we found that digital governance is typically either studied with emphasis on the use of ICT in governance or on structural or normative transformational outcomes of digital governance. As a novel contribution, we suggest a definition of digital governance.

• Charalabidis, Yannis; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Pereira, Gabriela Viale (2022). Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance and Transformation Concepts, Approaches and Challenges. Springer Nature. ISBN 9783030929442. 439 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2022). Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance and Transformation. Springer. ISBN 9783030929459. 439 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Solli-Sæther, Hans & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2025). The Role of Large-Scale Digital Platforms in Advancing Social Sustainability. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Krogstie, John; Sommerfeldt, Simen; Riise, Andreas Louis; Berge, Louise; Fjeldvær, Martin & Bjørnhaug, Kristian [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Collaborating across Industry and Academia to support the Development of Sustainable ICT: The GoForIT initiative - Extended Abstract. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 3562. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kvåle, Gunhild & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2023). "ChatGPT: I samtalerobotenes verden trengs humanistisk og samfunns­vitenskapelig innsikt". Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Krogstie, John & Skogen, Mali Hole (2023). Vi mangler fagfolk – trenger flere roboter. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

• Solli-Sæther, Hans & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2023). Moving beyond initial theoretical frameworks and process modeling toward multi-realization of IT value on complex platforms (MUIT). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Engvall, Tove Sofia; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Saebo, Oystein (2022). Sharing, Cooperation or Collective Action? A Research Agenda for Online Interaction in Digital Global Governance. EGOV-CeDEM-ePart. ISSN 2524-1400. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-23213-8_6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Digital technologies are increasingly used to support governance at the global level. However, the global level has received very little attention in digital governance research. Global governance differs from national governance contexts in that it does not have a central government with authority of enforcing decisions. Consequently, as engagement of stakeholders is vital for taking appropriate action, possibilities and challenges in using digital technologies to facilitate response to common challenges should be further investigated. To address this shortcoming, we explore how digital technologies and online communities can leverage participation and co-production in the context of global governance. Based on an existing classification of online interaction (sharing, cooperation, collective action) we suggest a research agenda that can move the knowledge front related to online interactions in global governance contexts.

• Engvall, Tove Sofia & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2022). Affordances of e-reporting on a supranational level: the case of Reportnet. EGOV-CeDEM-ePart. ISSN 2524-1400. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  An increasing emphasis on data driven and evidence-based policy making gives information and information systems a key role in governance processes. It is also argued that digital governance can support the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A number of grand challenges, such as climate change, need to be addressed at an international level. In climate governance, reporting has a central role to monitor progress, both under the Paris Agreement at a global level, and within the European Union (EU). Within the EU, reporting is also used to assess implementation and compliance with EU regulations. This paper is based on an interpretive study of the e-reporting platform, Reportnet, which is used to manage climate reporting within the EU. Affordance theory is applied as an analytical lens to uncover the possibilities of e-reporting in a supranational context. Our study identified six key affordances in the areas of submission of reports, quality controls, compliance, monitoring, transparency and communication and visualization. The study also suggests that an important area for improvement is to make the reported information more usable, particularly in further policy processes.

• Engvall, Tove Sofia; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Saebo, Oystein (2022). Sharing, Cooperation or Collective Action? A Research Agenda for Online Interaction in Digital Global Governance. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Krogstie, John & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2022). Establishing a Common Vocabulary across Research and Industry on Sustainable ICT. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni; Hofmann, Sara; Lyngstad, Cathrine Pihl & Kongsvild, Ragnhild (2022). Human centered digital transformation. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Helge; Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Trøan, Gro Anita & Bjørnevåg, Ronny (2022). LÆRINGSVERKSTED FOR GEVINSTARBEID I KOMMUNENE. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2022). Det grønne skiftet er også digitalt. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Rusti, Kjell; Lervik, John Markus; Folgerø, Torbjørn; Middelborg, Jens & Sandberg, Tonje [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Hvordan lykkes vi med å utvikle verdensledende grønne teknologi- og industrimiljøer i Norge? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Skogen, Mali Hole; Sommerfeldt, Simen; Berge, Louise & Frenning, Christopher (2022). Hvordan digitalisere for bærekraftig omstilling? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Charalabidis, Yannis; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Pereira, Gabriela Viale (2022). Introduction. Public Administration and Information Technology. ISSN 2512-1812. 38, s. xiii–xviii. doi: 10.5749/j.ctvdmx05s.3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Engvall, Tove Sofia & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2022). Affordances of e-reporting on a supranational level: the case of Reportnet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogen, Mali; Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Krogstie, John; Krogstie, Birgit Rognebakke & Sommerfeldt, Simen (2020). Bærekraft + IT = GOforIT. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2020). Digital transformasjon. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogen, Mali; Krogstie, John; Krogstie, Birgit Rognebakke; Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Sommerfeldt, Simen & Amlie, Kristian (2020). Bærekraft må inn i IT-utdanningene. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2020). På høy tid med koordinert teknolooiinnsats mot korona. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2020). Digital transformasjon - Hva betyr det for norske bedrifter. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sein, Maung Kyaw & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2020). Welcome address Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2020). Fremtidens arbeidsliv - paneldiskusjon. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2020). Digital transformation - Unprecedented possibilities and fundamental problems. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Kuldova, Tereza & Schults, LeRon (2020). Konsekvensene av kunstig intelligens. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2020). Tilbake til fremtiden. [Journal]. Dagens næringsliv. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Hofmann, Sara (2020). The Impact of Smart City Initiatives on Human Rights. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Sæbø, Øystein & Spagnoletti, Paolo (2019). Privacy violations in light of digital transformation: insights from data breaches in Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Goodwin, Morten; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Teknologi og bærekraft. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Kunstig intelligens og arbeidsliv. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Teknologi og bærekraft. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Digitalisering er for viktig til at det kan overlates til teknologene alene. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Facebook 15 år. [Radio]. NRK Sørlandet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Vi må snakke mer om digitalisering. [Journal]. Forskning.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Vi må snakke mer om digitalisering. [Internet]. UiA.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Transdisciplinarity related to digital transformation in government. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Discussion on Digital government re-invention. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Danielsen, Frank; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Ronzhyn, Alexander (2019). Cloud Computing in eGovernment: Benefits and Challenges. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Et overordnet blikk på digitalisering og IT. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Digitale trender - Konsekvenser for UH-sektoren. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Hva er digitalisering - og hvordan påvirker det deg? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Digital transformasjon av samfunnet - Utfordringer og kunnskapsbehov. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2018). Keynote: Societal transformation and Government 3.0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2018). Smarte byer - i Norge. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2018). Det digitale skiftet - Fantastisk eller forferdelig. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2018). Hva er gevinstrealisering? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2018). Digitalisering - rettslige utfordringer. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2017). Jenter og IT. [Radio]. NRK Sørlandssendingen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2017). Betydningen av ledelse for digitalisering og innovasjon i helsesektoren. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2017). Bli med på en digital revolusjon. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2017). Ønsker flere kvinner til IT-utdanningen. [Internet]. NRK Sørlandet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lips, Miriam; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Gil-Garcia, J. Ramon (2017). Transformational government: Governance, organization, and management minitrack introduction. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. 2017-, s. 2922–2922. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2017). Vil koble studentene tettere på næringslivet: - Praksisen jeg får, bidrar til at studiet går lettere. [Journal]. Fædrelandsvennen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2016). Strategi og digitalisering. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2016). Gevinstrealisering – NOKIOS 2016. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2016). Betydningen av ledelse for digitalisering og verdiskaping. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lips, A. Miriam B.; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Gil-Garcia, J. Ramon (2016). Introduction to the transformational government: Governance, organization, and management Minitrack. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. 2016-March, s. 3010–3010. doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2016.377. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2016). Eksempler på hvordan Institutt for informasjonssystemer arbeider med eksterne aktører. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2016). Datalagring på Sørlandet. [Radio]. NRK P1 Sørlandet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2016). Digitalisering og gevinstrealisering. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2015). Gevinstrealisering - Hvordan er dette relevant for helsesektoren? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Solli-Sæther, Hans & Straub, Detmar (2015). A Theory Explaining the Co-Realization of IT Value (ValCor): An Integrated Process-Variance Model. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Lips, Miriam B. & Gil-Garcia, J. Ramon (2015). Introduction to transformational government minitrack. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. 2015-March, s. 2455–2455. doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2015.293. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2015). MASTIS - Establishing Modern Master-level Studies in Information Systems. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2015). IT i praksis. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2015). Robuste byer - Smart, Mature, Resilience. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rødberg, Pernille, M.; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Myrseth, Per (2014). Unveiling Barriers and Enablers of Risk Management in Interoperability Efforts. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2014). Gevinstrealiseringi offentlige ”IKT-prosjekter”. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Solli-Sæther, Hans & Straub, Detmar (2014). Moving from co-creation to co-realization of IT value. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2014). Digitization in the Norwegian government: Current status and key issues for realizing the digital-by-default strategy. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2014). Gevinstrealisering og sosiale medier. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2014). Gevinstrealisering og sosiale medier. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2014). Gevinstrealisering. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2014). Er det nok samhandling til å få ut gevinstene av IKT-investeringene? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2014). Design principles for realizing value in inter-organizational settings. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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