Salman Bahoo

• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan; Floreani, Josanco & Cucculelli, Marco (2023). Corruption, formal institutions, and foreign direct investment: The case of OECD countries in Africa. Thunderbird International Business Review. ISSN 1096-4762. 65(5), s. 461–483. doi: 10.1002/tie.22361. Vis sammendrag

  Purpose Corruption has shown a mixed impact on foreign direct investment (FDI). This study proposed moderating the role of two—foreign aid (international institution) from the home country and democracy (national institution) in the host country—between corruption-FDI nexus. Methodology The framework is analyzed using panel data analysis (2001–2018) of bilateral foreign aid and FDI from 18 European members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to 34 African countries. Findings The presents several key findings. First, Africa's level of government corruption harms bilateral FDI from Europe. Second, the OECD's bilateral foreign aid moderates the negative effects of Africa's host-country corruption on FDI. Third, the level of democracy in the host country also moderates the negative impact of corruption on FDI. Finally, foreign aid strongly moderates the negative effect of corruption on FDI in democratic countries compared to non-democratic host countries. Research Implications This study provides the institutional analysis that bilateral foreign aid and democracy as formal institutions affect the European multinational enterprises's decision to invest in Africa. Practical Implications It presents the policy and managerial implications. First, European MNEs managers avoid investing in Africa, and governments must take strict actions to attract FDI. Second, foreign aid and democracy motivate MNEs to invest in Africa. Finally, the OECD policymaker could formulate rigorous and relevant conditions for foreign aid to Africa to reduce corruption. Originality/Value Through the lens of institutional theory and selectorate theory, the novel institutional role of foreign aid and democracy is proposed and tested between the nexus of corruption-FDI.

• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan & Floreani, Josanco (2022). Corruption, foreign aid, and international trade. Thunderbird International Business Review. ISSN 1096-4762. 64(2), s. 139–167. doi: 10.1002/tie.22253. Vis sammendrag

  Corruption has varying effects on international trade flows. Through the lenses of the institutional and transaction costs theories, we propose a novel institutional analysis of foreign aid as a formal institution that moderates the negative impact of corruption on international trade. We investigate this framework using a sample of the imports and exports of 30 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries and their 150 trading partners from 1995 to 2018. We analyze two main types of bilateral foreign aid within this framework: official development assistance and aid for trade. We present three main findings. First, the trading partners' corruption has a negative impact on OECD bilateral imports and exports. Second, both forms of foreign aid moderate the negative effect of the trading partners' corruption on OECD countries' exports. These findings confirm that OECD member countries are willing to export to very corrupt countries. Third, official development assistance does not moderate the relationship between corruption and imports, meaning that OECD countries do not import from corrupt locations. However, aid for trade still moderates the negative impact of corruption on OCED countries' imports. Overall, we confirm that foreign aid negatively moderates the adverse effect of corruption on exports but not on imports. Thus, foreign aid as a formal institution deserves more attention from OECD policymakers and managers of MNEs as a mechanism for reducing corruption and boosting international trade.

• Sun, Yunpeng; Ayub, Arslan; Fatima, Tehreem; Aslam, Hassan Danial & Bahoo, Salman (2021). The knowledge hiding loop: exploring the boundary conditions. Kybernetes. ISSN 0368-492X. doi: 10.1108/K-04-2021-0307.
• Khan, Ashraf; Kabir Hassan, Mohammad; Paltrinieri, Andrea & Bahoo, Salman (2021). Trade, financial openness and dual banking economies: Evidence from GCC Region. Journal of Multinational Financial Management. ISSN 1042-444X. 62. doi: 10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100693. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bahoo, Salman & Alon, Ilan (2020). News Framing of the China’s Belt and Road Initiative: A Media Analysis. Nordic Journal of Media Management. ISSN 2597-0445. 1(4), s. 495–525. doi: 10.5278/njmm.2597-0445.6325.
• Khan, Ashraf; Kabir Hassan, Mohammad; Paltrinieri, Andrea; Dreassi, Alberto & Bahoo, Salman (2020). A bibliometric review of takaful literature. International Review of Economics and Finance. ISSN 1059-0560. 69, s. 389–405. doi: 10.1016/j.iref.2020.05.013.
• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan & Floreani, Josanco (2020). Corruption in economics: a bibliometric analysis and research agenda. Applied Economics Letters. ISSN 1350-4851. doi: 10.1080/13504851.2020.1764476. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bahoo, Salman (2020). Corruption in Banks: A Bibliometric Review and Agenda. Finance Research Letters. ISSN 1544-6123. 35. doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101499. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This paper is a bibliometric review of 819 articles, between 1969 and 2019, on corruption in banks. We identified six research streams: (1) the determinants of banks’ lending corruption; (2) the impact of corruption on banks’ lending and operational risk; (3) the impact of bank corruption on firms; (4) the impact of political connections on bank corruption; (5) the impact of corporate governance and regulations on bank corruption; and (6) the manipulation of the inter-bank offered rate. We recommend an anti-corruption architecture system and an extension in theoretical frameworks related to corruption in banks. We propose 20 future research questions.

• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan & Paltrinieri, Andrea (2020). Sovereign wealth funds: Past, present and future. International Review of Financial Analysis. ISSN 1057-5219. 67. doi: 10.1016/j.irfa.2019.101418. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In this article, we conduct a meta-literature review of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs), covering 184 articles from 2005 to 2019. Our meta-literature review consists of qualitative analysis of content using the NVivo software program and quantitative analyses of bibliometric citations using the HistCite and VOSviewer software programs. We identify three main research streams: (i) the overview and growth of SWFs, (ii) governance and political concerns regarding SWFs, and (iii) the investment strategies of SWFs. We identify the most influential aspects of the SWF literature, such as the leading countries, institutions, journals, authors, and articles. Finally, we propose 20 research questions based on the meta-literature review of sovereign wealth funds to set the future research agenda.

• Paltrinieri, Andrea; Kabir Hassan, Mohammad; Bahoo, Salman & Khan, Ashraf (2020). A bibliometric review of sukuk literature. International Review of Economics and Finance. ISSN 1059-0560. doi: 10.1016/j.iref.2019.04.004. Vis sammendrag

  Sukuk (Islamic bonds) are one of the Islamic finance sectors that have experienced the fastest growth during the last decade. Using a quali-quantitative approach known as meta-literature review, the aim of this paper is to survey the sukuk literature over the period 1950–2018. In total we review and analyze 80 papers through bibliometric citation analysis (using HistCite and VOSviewer software) coupled with content analysis. We show the influential aspects of the literature, such as countries, institutions, journals, authors, articles and topics. We also present the co-authorship network and identify three research streams: (1) sukuk overview and growth, (2) sukuk and finance theories, (3) sukuk and stock market behavior. Through the review and analysis of the published research on sukuk, we finally provide 11 future research questions in order to extend the research on this topic.

• Bahoo, Salman; Hassan, M. Kabir; Paltrinieri, Andrea & Khan, Ashraf (2019). A model of the Islamic sovereign wealth fund. Islamic Economic Studies (IES). ISSN 1319-1616. 27(01), s. 01–22. doi: 10.1108/IES-05-2019-0003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan & Paltrinieri, Andrea (2019). Corruption in international business: A review and research agenda. International Business Review. ISSN 0969-5931. 29(04), s. 1–24. doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2019.101660. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan & Floreani, Josanco (2021). Corruption, Foreign Aid and Foreign Direct Investment. Vis sammendrag

  This paper examines the moderating effect of foreign aid on corruption and foreign direct investment (FDI). Corruption has an asymmetric relationship with FDI. We propose and test a framework in which foreign aid as a formal institution moderates corruption's negative impact as an informal institution on FDI. We present two findings. First, corruption has a negative effect on FDI, confirming the "corruption as sand" theory. Second, foreign aid moderates the negative impact of corruption on FDI, and as a result, the original effect becomes positive. This result suggests that foreign aid as a formal institution negates the adverse outcomes of the informal institution of corruption for foreign investors. Countries that provide foreign aid contingent on reductions in corruption promote future economic activity, mitigate investment risks, and improve corrupt governments' governance and institutional quality. Therefore, foreign aid deserves more attention from companies and governments when formulating strategies and policies related to FDI and controlling corruption.

• Bahoo, Salman & Alon, Ilan (2019). Framing the China’s Belt and Road Initiative: A Media Analysis. Vis sammendrag

  The purpose of the article is to conduct a media analysis of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) by apply framing theory of media communication. Using qualitative analysis approach through NVivo, we examined total 100 articles from world top business media outlets (newspaper and magazine); The Wall Street Journal (68 articles), and The Economist (32 articles), from January 2012 to March 2019. We identify three main frames: (1) the BRI overview and economics; (2) the BRI and Geopolitics, the frame 2 has four sub-frames; (i) Geopolitics: BRI and United States of America, (ii) Geopolitics: BRI and Europe, (iii) Geopolitics: BRI and Africa, (iv) Geopolitics: BRI and Asia; and third main frame is (3) the BRI and world security and order. We conducted headlines tone analysis (positive or negative) and found that both media outlets are neutral regarding the reporting on BRI. We present a synthesis of issues related to BRI and policy recommendations. The methods and the findings have implications for international business scholars related to BRI and Chinese policymakers and thinktanks to consider the latest and practical issues or concerns of the critical stakeholders about BRI.

• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan & Floreani, Josanco (2021). Essays on Corruption . Nauka. ISSN 978-82-8427-015-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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