Publikasjoner
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Håkstad, Katrine; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko; Wigen, Tove Irene; Fegran, Liv & Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes
(2026).
How physical and sexual abuse impacts oral health: a cross-sectional study from a Norwegian Children’s House.
BMC Oral Health.
26.
doi:
10.1186/s12903-026-09143-3.
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Although the association between neglect and an increased risk of oral disease is well established, the independent association between physical or sexual abuse and oral health has been less extensively studied. This study explored oral health condition in children suspected of being exposed to physical or sexual abuse by examining the association between abuse type and caries experience and gingival condition. It also assessed whether these associations were modified by age, sex, and ethnicity. This cross-sectional study involved 328 children, aged 1–18 years, who underwent clinical forensic dental examinations at a Norwegian Children’s House (NCH) from 2017 to 2021 (n = 328) due to suspected physical or sexual abuse. Data were collected from forensic dental and medical records at the NCH and included data from extra- and intra-oral examinations accompanied by conversations with the children. Negative binomial and logistic regression were performed for unadjusted, adjusted, and stratified analyses. Data are presented as ratios of means (RMs) and odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sexually abused children had a higher mean number of decayed teeth (DT) (RM 1.99, 95%CI 0.99–4.02) compared with physically abused children. They also more frequently received toothbrushing assistance. When stratifying by sex and ethnicity, the results revealed that sexually abused males had a higher mean number of DT compared with physically abused males (RM 4.23, 95%CI 1.37–13.12). A similar association was observed in sexually abused Ethnic Norwegian children (RM 3.53, 95%CI 1.60–7.82). Gingival condition varied by age. Sexually abused children exhibited better gingival condition before the age of four compared with their physically abused peers, but these conditions deteriorated after the age of thirteen, where the results showed an opposite association. The findings indicated that oral health condition varied according to abuse type, with poorer oral health conditions among sexually abused children than those physically abused. These results, underscore the crucial role of forensic and dental professionals in identifying oral health conditions that may signal possible abuse.
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Håkstad, Katrine; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko; Wigen, Tove Irene; Fegran, Liv & Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes
(2026).
Mapping orofacial signs of child abuse in children referred to a Norwegian Children's House.
Child Abuse & Neglect.
ISSN 0145-2134.
178.
doi:
10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108167.
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Background Child physical and sexual abuse frequently involves the orofacial region, yet comprehensive forensic mapping of both traumatic and nontraumatic orofacial signs in children referred due to suspected abuse remains limited. Objective To comprehensively map extraoral and intraoral signs in children referred for forensic dental examination due to suspected physical or sexual abuse, describing injury types, anatomical distribution, and nontraumatic oral health findings across abuse types. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 362 children aged 1–18 years referred to a Norwegian Children's House, an interdisciplinary forensic assessment center for children, between 2017 and 2021. Extraoral signs were identified through combined forensic dental and medical records, while intraoral signs were identified through dental examinations. Orofacial signs were classified as traumatic injuries or non-traumatic findings. Analyses were conducted at both case level (presence/absence) and the injury count level (number and anatomical distribution of injuries), stratified by suspected abuse type. Results Intraoral signs were identified in 76.1% of the children, and 45.6% had extraoral signs. Most children were aged 6–11 years (56.1%). Extraoral injuries were more common among children with suspected sexual abuse (40.7%) than among those with suspected physical abuse (34.4%), whereas intraoral injuries were similar (≈19%). Dental trauma accounted for nearly three-quarters of all intraoral injuries and was more frequent among physically abused children. Nontraumatic intraoral findings were common in both groups (∼63%), with poor oral hygiene and untreated caries occurring more often in the physical abuse group. Stress-related findings, such as tooth wear and headache, were slightly more common among children with suspected sexual abuse. Conclusions Children referred for forensic evaluation due to suspected abuse frequently presented with traumatic and nontraumatic orofacial signs. The integration of forensic dental and medical examinations strengthens the identification of head and neck injuries and highlights the pivotal role of dental professionals in multidisciplinary child protection.
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Håkstad, Katrine; Fegran, Liv; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko & Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes
(2023).
Orofacial signs of child or adolescent maltreatment identified by dentists and dental hygienists: A scoping review.
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry.
ISSN 0960-7439.
s. 1–17.
doi:
10.1111/ipd.13139.
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Background
Child maltreatment, the abuse or neglect of children aged 0–18 years, is a severe and underreported global problem. Compared with other body parts, the orofacial region displays more signs of child maltreatment. Dentists and dental hygienists are therefore well situated to identify orofacial signs of child maltreatment.
Aim
To map the current literature on orofacial signs of child maltreatment identified by dentists or dental hygienists.
Design
A scoping review was conducted based on systematic searches of Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and CINAHL (EBSCOhost) for primary qualitative and quantitative studies through June 6, 2022.
Results
Twenty-nine studies were included in this scoping review. Though all child maltreatment types were identified in dental settings, physical abuse and dental neglect were most commonly identified. Reports of caries dominated the orofacial signs, followed by bruises (intra- and extraoral), poor oral hygiene, dental trauma, and lacerations (intra- and extraoral). Case reports were used most commonly to describe orofacial signs of child maltreatment.
Conclusion
Dental clinicians identify orofacial signs of all child maltreatment types intraorally. Dentists identify the same extraoral signs as do other healthcare professionals, with bruising being the most common.
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Håkstad, Katrine
(2025).
Association between Child Maltreatment, comparing sexual abuse with physical abuse, and Oral Health: A retrospective study from a Norwegian Children's House.
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Håkstad, Katrine; Fegran, Liv; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko & Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes
(2025).
Orofaciale tegn på mishandling hos barn og ungdom.
Tannstikka : tidsskrift for Norsk tannpleierforening.
ISSN 1501-8636.
2,
s. 33–34.
doi:
10.56373/2024-11-6.
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Håkstad, Katrine; Fegran, Liv; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko & Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes
(2024).
Tannhelseundersøkelse kan avdekke vold, overgrep og omsorgssvikt mot barn og ungdom.
Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende.
ISSN 0029-2303.
134(11),
s. 964–965.
doi:
10.56373/2024-11-6.
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Håkstad, Katrine; Fegran, Liv; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko & Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes
(2024).
Tannhelseundersøkelse kan avdekke vold, overgrep og omsorgssvikt mot barn og ungdom.
Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende.
ISSN 0029-2303.
doi:
10.56373/2024-11-6.
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Håkstad, Katrine; Fegran, Liv; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko & Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes
(2024).
Orofacial signs of child or adolescent maltreatment identified by dentists and dental hygienists.
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Håkstad, Katrine
(2023).
Identifisering gjennom tannhelsetjenesten av barn utsatt for Vold og overgrep.
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Håkstad, Katrine
(2026).
Orofacial Signs of Child Maltreatment: Evidence from Clinical Forensic Dental Examinations. Oral Health Outcomes in Children and Adolescents at a Norwegian Children’s House.
Universitetet i Agder.
ISSN 9788284273389.
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Bakgrunn: Barnemishandling representerer en betydelig global folkehelse- og samfunnsutfordring med alvorlige konsekvenser for barns helse og livskvalitet. Fordi hode-, hals- og munnregionen ofte er involvert ved vold og overgrep mot barn, kan tannhelsepersonell ha en viktig rolle i identifikasjon, vurdering og dokumentasjon av klinisk relevante orofaciale tegn. Den regelmessige kontakten mellom den offentlige tannhelsetjenesten og barn gjennom oppveksten gir dessuten mulighet for longitudinell observasjon av skader, oral helseutvikling, atferdsendringer og fremvoksende bekymringsmønstre over tid.
Hensikt: Den overordnede hensikten med denne doktorgradsavhandlingen var å øke kunnskapen om orofaciale manifestasjoner ved barnemishandling ved å undersøke orofaciale tegn og oral helse hos barn og ungdom (0–18 år) henvist til klinisk rettsodontologisk undersøkelse ved Statens Barnehus.
Design, metode og utvalg: Avhandlingen har et multimetodisk design og består av tre delstudier. Studie I var en systematisk kartleggingsstudie som kartla vitenskapelig litteratur om orofaciale tegn på barnemishandling identifisert av tannleger og tannpleiere. Studie II og III var retrospektive tverrsnittsstudier basert på rettsodontologiske undersøkelser gjennomført ved Statens Barnehus i perioden 2017–2021. Studie II inkluderte 362 barn i alderen 1–18 år og undersøkte forekomst og fordeling av ekstraorale og intraorale tegn hos barn henvist grunnet mistanke om fysisk eller seksuell vold. Studie III inkluderte 328 barn og undersøkte sammenhenger mellom mistenkt type mishandling og orale helse, inkludert ubehandlet karies (dt/DT), karieserfaring (dmft/DMFT) og gingival tilstand. Data ble hentet fra odontologiske journaler, rettsodontologiske og rettsmedisinske rapporter samt administrative registreringssystemer. Deskriptive analyser, negativ binomisk regresjon og logistiske regresjonsanalyser ble benyttet.
Resultater: Scoping reviewen viste at alle former for barnemishandling er identifisert i odontologiske settinger, og at ulike former for mishandling ofte forekommer samtidig. Karies, dårlig munnhygiene, blåmerker, dentale traumer og bløtvevsskader var blant de hyppigst rapporterte orofaciale tegnene. På tvers av de empiriske studiene var orofaciale tegn vanlige blant barn henvist til rettsodontologisk undersøkelse. Intraorale funn forekom hyppigere enn ekstraorale funn, og mange barn presenterte flere samtidige tegn. Dentale traumer var den hyppigste intraorale skadetypen og forekom oftere blant barn henvist grunnet mistanke om fysisk vold, mens ekstraorale skader, inkludert mer subtile tegn som arr og røde merker, var proporsjonalt vanligere blant barn henvist grunnet mistanke om seksuelle overgrep. Dårlige orale helseforhold, inkludert ubehandlet karies og dårlig munnhygiene, var utbredt i begge henvisningsgruppene. Selv om de overordnede forskjellene mellom gruppene var begrensede, viste analysene at mønstre i oral helse varierte etter alder, kjønn og etnisitet. Enkelte barn henvist grunnet mistanke om seksuelle overgrep hadde høyere nivåer av ubehandlet karies og karieserfaring enn barn henvist grunnet mistanke om fysisk vold, mens barn med ikke- orsk bakgrunn henvist grunnet mistanke om fysisk vold hadde en forholdsvis høyere kariesbelastning enn etnisk norske barn.
Konklusjon: Resultatene i denne avhandlingen viser at barn henvist til rettsodontologisk undersøkelse grunnet mistanke om barnemishandling ofte presenterer både traumatiske og ikke-traumatiske orofaciale tegn inkludert forhold knyttet til oral helse. Funnene bidrar med ny kunnskap om hvordan barnemishandling kan manifestere seg i en rettsmedisinsk barnevernskontekst og understøtter en forståelse av at klinisk relevante orofaciale tegn bør tolkes innenfor bredere kontekstuelle og barnevernfaglige rammer snarere enn som isolerte diagnostiske indikatorer. Videre fremhever forskningen tannhelsepersonells viktige rolle i arbeidet med identifikasjon og ivaretakelse av utsatte barn gjennom systematisk undersøkelse, gjenkjenning og dokumentasjon av orofaciale tegn og orale helseforhold. Resultatene understøtter inkludering av tannhelsepersonell i tverrfaglige systemer for håndtering av barnemishandling og fremhever betydningen av å integrere tannhelsepersonellets kliniske vurderinger i barnevern- og beskyttelsesarbeid.
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Publisert
14. mai 2026 05:53
- Sist endret
14. mai 2026 05:53