Jean Nitzke

• Daems, Joke & Nitzke, Jean (2026). Post-editing of Machine Translation. I Nesi, Hilary & Milin, Petar (Red.), Reference Module in Social Sciences. Elsevier. ISSN 9780443157851. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95504-1.01300-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Post-editing of machine translation output is usually done to improve the quality of the machine translation output. This can be done as a translation method, but post-editing can also be used to evaluate and improve machine translation systems or in the context of L2 language learning and writing. In this chapter, we reflect on what sets post-editing apart from revision and human translation, what the impact is on productivity, quality, and cognitive load, and how changes in technology are influencing the post-editing process.

• Canfora, Carmen & Nitzke, Jean (2026). Risiken in digitalen Übersetzungsprozessen. I Czulo, Oliver; Kappus, Martin & Hoberg, Felix (Red.), Digitale Translatologie. Language Science Press. ISSN 9783961105410. s. 181–197. doi: https:/zenodo.org/records/17523052/files/467-CzuloEtAl-2026-11.pdf?download=1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In dem Kapitel zu Risiken in digitalen Übersetzungsprozessen wenden wir uns zunächst kurz dem Risikomanagementbegriff zu und untersuchen dann konkrete Risiken bei der Nutzung von Tools (z. B. Translation-Memory-Systemen und Terminologiedatenbanken), maschineller Übersetzung und bei Post-Editing-Prozessen. Anhand der Geschäftsrisiken für Deutschland nach dem Allianz Risikobarometer 2024 werden wir Risiken bei der Nutzung von Tools ausarbeiten und uns dann auf Entscheidungen und Entscheidungsgrundlagen konzentrieren. Zu diesen Risiken gehören Cyberrisiken (inkl. Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit), Unternehmensunterbrechung bzw. Probleme in den Lieferketten, Änderungen in der Gesetzgebung, Fachkräftemangel, Naturkatastrophen/Klimawandel, politische Risiken und makroökonomische Entwicklungen. Es wird außerdem kurz diskutiert, ob sich hinsichtlich der Risiken bei der Nutzung generativer KI etwas gegenüber der Nutzung maschineller Übersetzung ändert.

• Halverson, Sandra Louise & Nitzke, Jean (2025). Humans, machines, and embedded translation. Translation, Cognition and Behavior. ISSN 2542-5277. 8(2), s. 143–153. doi: 10.1075/tcb.00097.hal. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2025). Teaching translation technologies for languages of low diffusion. trans-kom, Zeitschrift für Translationswissenschaft und Fachkommunikation. 18(1), s. 70–82. doi: https:/www.trans-kom.eu/bd18nr01/trans-kom_18_01_04_Nitzke_Teaching.20250707.pdf. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  For contemporary translator education, it is crucial that students acquire knowledge of translation technologies (EMT 2022). In this paper, I present an approach to teaching translation technologies – specifically, translation memory systems and post-editing of machine-translated output – to students working with languages in which the instructor is not proficient. I provide an overview of the linguistic and translational landscape in Norway and introduce a one-year programme in public sector translation offered at the University of Agder. This programme includes a dedicated module on translation technologies, which I describe in detail. I then outline how the course content, assignments, and final examination were designed to enable students to practise using translation tools and technologies in their respective working languages. I illustrate this with reference to the 2024 student cohort, who trained in public service translation for the language pairs Norwegian ↔ Arabic, Tigrinya, and Ukrainian. Finally, I reflect on potential challenges and propose ways to further develop the course.

• Nitzke, Jean; Canfora, Carmen; Hansen-Schirra, Silvia & Kapnas, Dimitrios (2024). Decisions in projects using machine translation and post-editing: an interview study. Journal of Specialised Translation. 41, s. 127–148. doi: 10.26034/cm.jostrans.2024.4715. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Machine translation (MT) and post-editing (PE) have become increasingly important in the professional language industry in recent years. However, not every translation job is suitable for MT and there are many options for carrying out translation/post-editing projects, e.g. no PE, light PE, full PE, full PE plus revision or translation without MT assistance. In 2019, we published a decision tree for post-editing projects (Nitzke et al. 2019) that aimed to take all considerations into account and guide the stakeholders in charge of deciding whether a job is suitable for MT and PE and, if so, what kind of quality assurance might lead to fit-for-purpose translations. To empirically test our decision tree model now, we developed a semi-structured interview with 21 questions and a scoring task addressing stakeholders who work with MT projects and have to make the decisions which are essential to our model. The interview was carried out with 19 interview partners. In the article, we discuss the interviews’ findings against the background of our model. Further, we present qualitative findings on strategic decisions, risk considerations, as well as the value of translation, working conditions and job profiles. Finally, we present our revised model motivated by the empirical findings.

• Hansen-Schirra, Silvia; Nitzke, Jean; Canfora, Carmen & Kapnas, Dimitrios (2024). Eine Interviewstudie zu Postediting-Prozessen und ihre Implikationen für die Zukunft einer Branche. I Rösener, Christoph; Canfora, Carmen; Dörflinger, Torsten; Hoberg, Felix & Varga, Simon (Red.), Übersetzen im Wandel - Wie Technologisierung, Automatisierung und Künstliche Intelligenz das Übersetzen verändern. Springer. ISSN 9783658429027. s. 97–110. doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-42903-4_5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean; Hansen-Schirra, Silvia; Habig, Ann-Kathrin & Gutermuth, Silke (2022). Translating subtitles into Easy Language: First considerations and empirical investigations. I Bernal, María Pilar Castillo & Grossi, Marta Estévez (Red.), Translation, Mediation and Accessibility for Linguistic Minorities. Frank & Timme. ISSN 9783732990641. s. 127–143. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2022). Auf dem Weg zum Babelfisch? Zum Stand der maschinellen Übersetzung. I Bergmann, Anke; Mayer, Christoph & Plikat, Jochen (Red.), Perspektiven der Schulfremdsprachen im Zeitalter von «Global English» und Digitalisierung. Peter Lang Publishing Group. ISSN 9783631846308. s. 71–86. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2021). The processing of website contents in native and non-native language. I Group, Tra&Co (Red.), Translation, interpreting, cognition - The way out of the box. Language Science Press. ISSN 9783985540006. s. 105–113. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hansen-Schirra, Silvia; Nitzke, Jean & Gutermuth, Silke (2021). An Intralingual Parallel Corpus of Translations into German Easy Language (Geasy Corpus): What Sentence Alignments Can Tell Us About Translation Strategies in Intralingual Translation. I Wang, Vincent X.; Lim, Lily & Defeng, Li (Red.), New Perspectives on Corpus Translation Studies. Springer. ISSN 9789811649172. s. 281–298. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Nitzke, Jean & Hansen-Schirra, Silvia (2021). A short guide to post-editing. Language Science Press. ISBN 9783985540297. 94 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Nitzke, Jean (2026). Arendalsuka | Arrangement: Hvorfor studerer vi fortsatt språk, tre år etter ChatGPT. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  I denne panelsamtalen skal vi diskutere hvorfor vi fortsatt må utdanne språkkunnskaper i høyere utdanning — både innen fremmedspråk, morsmålskompetanse og…

• Nitzke, Jean & Hansen-Schirra, Silvia (2026). Post-Editing-Kompetenzen. doi: https:/zenodo.org/records/17523060/files/467-CzuloEtAl-2026-15.pdf?download=1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2026). Grundlagen des Post-Editings. doi: https:/zenodo.org/records/17523042/files/467-CzuloEtAl-2026-7.pdf?download=1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean & Halverson, Sandra Louise (2025). Humans, Machines, and Embedded Translation. doi: 10.1075/tcb.8.2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Greenall, Annjo Klungervik; Havnen, Randi; Nergaard, Siri; Nitzke, Jean; Schmidt-Melbye, Inger Hesjevoll & Urdal, Gro Hege Saltnes (2025). Oversetting bør gjøres av mennesker. doi: https:/www.forskersonen.no/kronikk-kunstig-intelligens-meninger/oversetting-bor-gjores-av-mennesker/2583335?fbclid=IwY2xjawOdIiVleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBicmlkETFhekMzY2x6amZUaURRSGNBc3J0YwZhcHBfaWQQMjIyMDM5MTc4ODIwMDg5MgABHqaqOYJQ0O3nu9_D267VcmqVl62WsoRANkojsuqEnicNHbG5MCDqRaa-QCG1_aem_UaQSNjFhft7KrzhwhFhYCA. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  KI kan berike, men ikke erstatte menneskelig dømmekraft.

• Pájaro, Verónica; Whittaker, Sunniva; Kraft, Kamilla; Jensen, Charlotte Sun & Nitzke, Jean (2025). Panelsamtale om språk og arbeid. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2025). Machine Translation & GenAI as Tools: Balancing Risks and Efficiency. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Oster, Katharina; Degenhardt, Julia; Habig, Ann-Kathrin; Nitzke, Jean; Radinger, Anke & Hansen-Schirra, Silvia (2025). Reception of bilingual signs in the public sector - an eyetracking study. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Canfora, Carmen & Nitzke, Jean (2025). Changes, shortage, catastrophes: Risks beyond linguistic aspects in modern translator education. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean; Halverson, Sandra Louise & Gebbia, Chiara Astrid (2025). Exploring the low institutionalised professional translation practices in Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Greenall, Annjo Klungervik; Nitzke, Jean; Havnen, Randi; Schmidt-Melbye, Inger Hesjevoll; Nergaard, Siri & Solum, Kristina [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). En kvalifisert oversettelse kan være et spørsmål om liv og død. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2024). Using AI in teaching translation for migrant and minority languages. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2024). Post-editing and specialised translation. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2024). In-work machine translation evaluation for less-researched language pairs. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2024). Post-Editing: Potenziale, Risiken, Richtlinien und Kompetenzen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2023). Post-Editing Webinar (2 dager). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean & Halverson, Sandra Louise (2023). Simulating realistic translation workflows in translator education: The challenges of hybrid teaching and multilingual courses. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean & Halverson, Sandra Louise (2023). KI – gamle og nye spørsmål. Klassekampen. ISSN 0805-3839. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2023). Risks and decisions in the post-editing process. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean; Kunte, Nikola; Koponen, Maarit; Krause, Alexandra; Vlačiha, Matej & Varga, Tibor [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Panel discussion: 21st century competencies in translation: training and practices in the industry. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2022). Maschinelle Übersetzung – Fluch, Segen und Alltag für die Translation. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean; Canfora, Carmen; Dobozy, Hannah; Kapnas, Dimitrios & Hansen-Schirra, Silvia (2022). Revisiting the decision tree model for post-editing tasks: What can the language industry teach us? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean; Canfora, Carmen & Hansen-Schirra, Silvia (2022). Decisions in post-editing projects: Using semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from the language industry to update a decision tree model for post-editing tasks. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean & Tardel, Anke (2022). Post-Editing NMT – Strategies and Job Profiles. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean; Hansen-Schirra, Silvia & Canfora, Carmen (2022). Using semi-structured interviews to revisiting the decision tree model for post-editing tasks: What can the language industry teach us? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2021). Maschinelle Übersetzung und Post-Editing. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2021). Technologies for the Translation of Specialised Texts into Easy Language. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2021). Job profiles and required competences in the age of post-editing. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean; Hansen-Schirra, Silvia; Kraft, Tobias & Päßler, Ulrich (2021). XML, non-Standard Language, code-switching in Humboldt’s papers and travel journals – taking post-editing research to the next level. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean; Hansen-Schirra, Silvia & Gutermuth, Silke (2021). Preparing parallel corpora for intralingual machine translation. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nitzke, Jean (2021). Post-Editing. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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