Hilde Lohne Seiler

• Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde; Feron, Jack; Lucas, Samuel J. E.; Ivarsson, Andreas & Berntsen, Sveinung (2024). The intensity paradox: A systematic review and meta-analysis of its impact on the cardiorespiratory fitness of older adults. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 34(2). doi: 10.1111/sms.14573.
• Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal; Lindberg, Kolbjørn Andreas; Bjørnsen, Thomas; Sibayan, Erlend E.; Fjeller, Joachim S. & Løvold, Sondre [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Associations between Power Training-Induced Changes in Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Men: A Pre-Test–Post-Test Experimental Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 20(22). doi: 10.3390/ijerph20227070. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  It is well-established that cross-sectional measurements of poor body composition are associated with impaired physical function and that power training effectively enhances total lean mass and physical function in older adults. However, it is unclear if power training-induced changes in body composition are associated with improved physical function in older adults. Aim: The present study investigated associations between body composition and physical function cross-sectionally and with power training-induced changes in older men. Methods: Forty-nine older men (68 ± 5 yrs) completed a 10-week biweekly power training intervention. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical function was assessed as a composite Z-score combining measures from Sit-to-stand power, Timed up-and-go time, and loaded and unloaded Stair-climbing time (15 steps). Linear and quadratic regression analyses were performed to assess associations between body composition and physical function. Results: At baseline, total (R2 = 0.11, p < 0.05) and percentage body fat (R2 = 0.15, p < 0.05) showed a non-linear relationship with physical function. The apex of the quadratic regression for body composition was 21.5% body fat. Furthermore, there was a non-linear relationship between changes in body fat percentage and physical function from pre- to post-intervention (R2 = 0.15, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study’s findings indicate that participants with a body composition of ~20% body fat displayed the highest level of physical function at baseline. Furthermore, despite small pre–post changes in body fat, the results indicate that those who either preserved their body fat percentage or experienced minor alterations observed the greatest improvements in physical function.

• Lindberg, Kolbjørn Andreas; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde; Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal; Sibayan, Erlend E.; Fjeller, Joachim S. & Løvold, Sondre [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Effectiveness of individualized training based on force–velocity profiling on physical function in older men. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 32(6), s. 1013–1025. doi: 10.1111/sms.14157. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an individualized power training program based on force–velocity (FV) profiling on physical function, muscle morphology, and neuromuscular adaptations in older men. Forty-nine healthy men (68 ± 5 years) completed a 10-week training period to enhance muscular power. They were randomized to either a generic power training group (GPT) or an individualized power training group (IPT). Unlike generic training, individualized training was based on low- or high-resistance exercises, from an initial force–velocity profile. Lower-limb FV profile was measured in a pneumatic leg-press, and physical function was assessed as timed up-and-go time (TUG), sit-to-stand power, grip strength, and stair-climbing time (loaded [20kg] and unloaded). Vastus lateralis morphology was measured with ultrasonography. Rate of force development (RFD) and rate of myoelectric activity (RMA) were measured during an isometric knee extension. The GPT group improved loaded stair-climbing time (6.3 ± 3.8 vs. 2.3% ± 7.3%, p = 0.04) more than IPT. Both groups improved stair-climbing time, sit to stand, and leg press power, grip strength, muscle thickness, pennation angle, fascicle length, and RMA from baseline (p < 0.05). Only GPT increased loaded stair-climbing time and RFD (p < 0.05). An individualized power training program based on FV profiling did not improve physical function to a greater degree than generic power training. A generic power training approach combining both heavy and low loads might be advantageous through eliciting both force- and velocity-related neuromuscular adaptions with a concomitant increase in muscular power and physical function in older men.

• Johansen, Bjørn Tore; Brynjulfsen, Trine; Seiler, Hilde Lohne; Torstveit, Monica Klungland & Berntsen, Sveinung (2021). Experiences of Older Adults Preparing for Their First Triathlon: "A Qualitative Study of the Participation in an Endurance Training Intervention. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. ISSN 1748-2623. 16(1). doi: 10.1080/17482631.2021.1872824. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: The overall aim of the present study was to explore the experiences of older adult exercisers participating in an individualized training program lasting 3 months preparing for completing a triathlon competition. Methods: Fourteen older Norwegian adults (median age (interquartile range, IQR) for males (N=10) and females (N=4) were 70.0 (65.0-75.5) and 57.5 (56.3-62.5) years, respectively) participated in 3-month individualized training program comprising three weekly sessions of running, cycling, and swimming. Both field- and laboratory-based testing were conducted. The participants attended two sports nutrition and competitive psychology seminars focusing on triathlon competition. The participants were interviewed in depth in three different focus groups. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the findings. Results: Participants improved their performance in all field-based tests. After completion of the thematic data analysis the main finding and overarching theme of well-being and being fit emerged. Additionally, three main themes were identified: 1) motivation; 2) progress and coping; and 3) breaking barriers. Conclusion: Psychological well-being and satisfaction of being fit seem to be vital to participate in a triathlon competition. Promoting specific age-appropriate participation in sports activities can be an effective strategy for promoting a healthy lifestyle among the elderly. Keywords: Running; being fit; cycling; elderly; personalized training; sport participation; swimming; triathlon; well-being.

• Bårdstu, Hilde Bremseth; Andersen, Vidar; Fimland, Marius Steiro; Aasdahl, Lene; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Saeterbakken, Atle Hole (2021). Physical activity level following resistance training in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care: Results from a cluster-randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(13), s. 1–12. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18136682. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Older adults’ physical activity (PA) is low. We examined whether eight months of resistance training increased PA level in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. A two-armed cluster-randomized trial using parallel groups was conducted. The included participants were >70 years and received home care. The resistance training group performed resistance training using body weight, elastic bands, and water canes twice per week for eight months. The control group was informed about the national PA guidelines and received motivational talks. The ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to estimate PA. Outcomes included total PA (counts per minute), sedentary behavior (min/day), light PA (min/day), moderate-to-vigorous PA (min/day), and steps (mean/day). Between-group differences were analyzed using multilevel linear mixed models. Twelve clusters were randomized to either resistance training (7 clusters, 60 participants) or the control group (5 clusters, 44 participants). A total of 101 participants (median age 86.0 (interquartile range 80–90) years) had valid accelerometer data and were included in the analysis. There were no statistically significant between-group differences for any of the PA outcomes after four or eight months. This study offers no evidence of increased PA level following resistance training in older adults with home care

• Resaland, Geir Kåre; Solbraa, Ane & Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2018). Arenaer, tilrettelegging og tiltak for å fremme fysisk aktivitet i ulike befolkningsgrupper. I Torstveit, Monica Klungland; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde; Berntsen, Sveinung & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (Red.), Fysisk aktivitet og helse: Fra begrepsforståelse til implementering av kunnskap. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202568313. s. 411–436.
• Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord; Bere, Elling Tufte; Sagedal, Linda Reme; Vistad, Ingvild; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Torstveit, Monica Klungland [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy dietary behavior in relation to maternal and newborn health in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery study - a post hoc observational analysis. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 62. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1273. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sanda, Birgitte; Vistad, Ingvild; Sagedal, Linda Reme; Haakstad, Lene Annette Hagen; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Torstveit, Monica Klungland (2018). What is the effect of physical activity on duration and mode of delivery? Secondary analysis from the Norwegian Fit for Delivery trial. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6349. 97(7), s. 861–871. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13351. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: The beneficial effects of physical activity during pregnancy for the mother and offspring have been reported by several studies but there are conflicting results concerning the possible effect of physical activity on the course of labor and risk of cesarean delivery. This study presents secondary analyses from the Norwegian Fit for Delivery randomized controlled trial, aiming at studying the effect of a lifestyle intervention including group exercise classes, as well as the possible influence of physical activity level in late pregnancy, on labor outcomes. Material and methods: Healthy nulliparous women with singleton pregnancy were randomized to an intervention group, n = 303 (dietary counseling and twice‐weekly exercise classes) or a control group, n = 303 (standard care). The participants were analyzed both by randomization and as a cohort comparing women with lowest (quartile 1, 0 metabolic equivalent of task‐hours moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity/week) (n = 140) vs. highest (quartile 4, ≥16 metabolic equivalent of task‐hours moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity/week) (n = 131) physical activity level in late pregnancy, assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Result: The intervention group had a longer first stage of labor compared with the control group (293 ± 202 min vs. 257 ± 181 min, p = 0.030). No differences between the randomization groups were seen for time spent in second stage of labor, prolonged labor or mode of delivery. In the total sample, women with the highest physical activity level had lower odds ratio (OR) of acute cesarean delivery (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11–0.97, p = 0.044) than did those with the lowest physical activity‐level. Conclusion: A significantly longer first stage of labor was observed in the intervention group than in the control group. A high physical activity level in late pregnancy was associated with lower odds of acute cesarean delivery compared with a low physical activity level.

• Haakstad, Lene Annette Hagen; Vistad, Ingvild; Sagedal, Linda Reme; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Torstveit, Monica Klungland (2018). How does a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy influence perceived barriers to leisure-time physical activity? The Norwegian fit for delivery study, a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. ISSN 1471-2393. 18(127). doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-1771-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: To develop effective health promotional and preventive prenatal programs, it is important to understand perceived barriers to leisure-time physical activity during pregnancy, including exercise and sport participation. The aims of the present study was 1) to assess the effect of prenatal lifestyle intervention on the perceived barrier to leisure-time physical activity during pregnancy and the first year after delivery and 2) identify the most important perceived barriers to leisure-time physical activity at multiple time points during and after pregnancy. Methods: This secondary analysis was part of the Norwegian Fit for Delivery study, a combined lifestyle intervention evaluated in a blinded, randomized controlled trial. Healthy, nulliparous women with singleton pregnancy of ≤20 gestational weeks, age ≥ 18 years and body mass index ≥19 kg/m2 were recruited via healthcare clinics in southern Norway, including urban and rural settings. Participants were randomized to either twice-weekly supervised exercise sessions and nutritional counselling (n = 303) or standard prenatal care (n = 303). The principal analysis was based on the participants who completed the standardized questionnaire assessing their perceived barriers to leisure-time physical activity at inclusion (gestational week 16, n = 589) and following intervention (gestational week 36, n = 509), as well as six months (n = 470) and 12 months (n = 424) postpartum. Results: Following intervention (gestation week 35.4 ± 1.0), a significant between-group difference in perceived barriers to leisure-time physical activity was found with respect to time constraints: “... I do not have the time” (intervention: 22 vs. control: 38, p = 0.030), mother-child safety concerns: “... afraid to harm the baby” (intervention: 8 vs. control: 25, p = 0.002) and self-efficacy: “... I do not believe/think that I can do it” (intervention: 3 vs. control: 10, p = 0.050). No positive effect was seen at postpartum follow-up. Intrapersonal factors (lack of time, energy and interest) were the most frequently perceived barriers, and consistent over time among all participants. Conclusion: The intervention had effect on intrapersonal perceived barriers in pregnancy, but not in the postpartum period. Perceived barriers to leisure-time physical activity were similar from early pregnancy to 12 months postpartum.

• Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord; Seland, Siv; Bere, Elling; Sagedal, Linda Reme; Torstveit, Monica Klungland & Lohne-Seiler, Hilde [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Preeclampsia and gestational weight gain in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery trial. BMC Research Notes. ISSN 1756-0500. 11(282). doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3396-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sanda, Birgitte; Vistad, Ingvild; Sagedal, Linda Reme; Haakstad, Lene Annette Hagen; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Torstveit, Monica Klungland (2017). Effect of a prenatal lifestyle intervention on physical activity level in late pregnancy and the first year postpartum. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 12(11). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188102. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Despite documented health benefits for mother and baby, physical activity (PA)-level tends to decline in pregnancy. Overweight/obese and physically inactive women are two selected groups at increased risk of pregnancy complications. Thus, efficient strategies to maintain or increase PA-level in pregnancy and the postpartum period, especially among these women, are warranted. This secondary analysis examined the effect of a prenatal lifestyle-intervention on PA-level in late pregnancy and the first year postpartum, with subanalysis on initially physically active versus inactive and normal-weight versus overweight/obese women. Method: The Norwegian Fit for Delivery (NFFD) randomized controlled trial included healthy primiparous women with singleton pregnancies and body mass index (BMI) ≥19 kg/m2 assigned to an intervention group, n = 303 (twice weekly group-exercises and dietary counseling) or a control group, n = 303 (standard prenatal care). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire short-form was used to assess PA-levels at inclusion (mean gestational week (GW) 16), GW 36, and six and 12 months postpartum. Results: At GW 36, a positive intervention-effect with a significant between-group difference in total PA-level compared to time of inclusion was found for the total group (530 MET-min/week, p = 0.001) and the subgroups of normal-weight (533 MET-min/week, p = 0.003) and initially active women (717 MET-min/week, p<0.001). Intervention-effect was dependent on exercise-adherence among overweight/obese and inactive women. Compared to time of inclusion, the intervention groups maintained total PA-level at GW 36, while total PA-level decreased in the control groups. The PA-levels increased postpartum, but with no significant differences between the randomization groups. Conclusion: The NFFD prenatal combined lifestyle intervention had a significant effect on TPA-level in late pregnancy among women entering pregnancy normal-weight or physically active, thereby preventing the downward trend typically seen during pregnancy. Intervention-effect among overweight/obese and physically inactive women was, however, dependent on exercise-adherence. Long-term intervention-effect was not observed in the postpartum period.

• Sanda, Birgitte; Vistad, Ingvild; Haakstad, Lene Annette Hagen; Berntsen, Sveinung; Sagedal, Linda Reme & Lohne-Seiler, Hilde [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Reliability and concurrent validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form among pregnant women. BMC sports science, medicine and rehabilitation. ISSN 2052-1847. 9:7, s. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s13102-017-0070-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire short-form (IPAQ-SF) is frequently used to assess physical activity (PA) level in the general adult population including pregnant women. However, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire in pregnancy is unknown. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to investigate test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of IPAQ-SF among pregnant women, and whether PA is reported differently among those who fulfill (active) vs. do not fulfill (inactive) recommendations of ≥150 min of weekly moderate intensity PA in pregnancy. Method: Test-retest reliability was examined by answering IPAQ-SF twice, two weeks apart (n = 88). To assess validity, IPAQ-SF was compared to the physical activity monitor SenseWear Armband® (SWA) (n = 64). The participants wore SWA for 8 consecutive days before answering IPAQ-SF. PA level was reported as time spent in moderate-, vigorous- and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MPA, VPA and MVPA) corresponding to the cut-off points 3–6, >6 and >3 Metabolic Equivalents (METs), respectively. Results: Test-retest intraclass-correlation of MPA, VPA and MVPA ranged from 0.81-0.84 (95% Confidence Intervals: 0.69,0.90). Comparing time spent performing PA at various intensities; the mean differences and limits of agreement (±1.96 Standard Deviation) from Bland-Altman plots were−84 ± 402 min/week for MPA,−85 ± 452 min/week for MVPA and 26 ± 78 min/week for VPA, illustrating that the total group under-reported MPA by 72% and MVPA by 52%, while VPA was over-reported by 1400%. For the inactive group corresponding numbers were 44 ± 327 min/week for MPA, 52 ± 355 min/week for MVPA and 16 ± 33 min/week for VPA, illustrating that the inactive group over-reported MPA by 13% and MVPA by 49%, while VPA was not detected by SWA, but participants reported 16 min of VPA/week. In contrast, corresponding numbers for the active group were−197 ± 326 min/week for MPA,−205 ± 396 min/week for MVPA and 35 ± 85 min/week for VPA, illustrating that the active group under-reported MPA by 81% and MVPA by 60%, while they over-reported VPA by 975%. Conclusion: IPAQ-SF had good test-retest reliability, but low to fair concurrent validity for MPA, VPA and MVPA compared to an objective criterion measure among pregnant women. Further, women fulfilling PA guidelines in pregnancy under-reported, while inactive women over-reported PA level.

• Sagedal, Linda Reme; Vistad, Ingvild; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Bere, Elling; Torstveit, Monica Klungland & Lohne-Seiler, Hilde [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). The effect of a prenatal lifestyle intervention on glucose metabolism: Results of the Norwegian Fit for Delivery randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. ISSN 1471-2393. 17:167, s. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12884-017-1340-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haraldstad, Kristin; Rohde, Gudrun E.; Stea, Tonje Holte; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde; Hetlelid, Ken Joar & Paulsen, Gøran [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Changes in health-related quality of life in elderly men after 12 weeks of strength training. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity. ISSN 1813-7253. 14(1). doi: 10.1186/s11556-017-0177-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Muscular strength is associated with functional ability in elderly, and older adults are recommended to perform muscle-strengthening exercise. Understanding how improved muscle strength and -mass influence general and specific domains of quality of life is important when planning health promotion efforts targeting older adults. The aims of the present study were to describe changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older men participating in 12 weeks of systematic strength training, and to investigate whether improvements in muscle strength and muscle mass are associated with enhancements in HRQOL. Methods: We recruited 49 men aged 60–81 years to participate in an intervention study with pre-post assessment. The participants completed a 12-week strength training program consisting of three sessions per week. Tests and measurements aimed at assessing change in HRQOL, and changes in physical performance (maximal strength) and physiological characteristics. HRQOL was measured using the 12-item short-form survey (SF-12). Muscle mass was assessed based on changes in lean mass (leg, trunk, arm, and total), and strength was measured as one-repetition maximum in leg extension, leg press, and biceps curl. Results: Two of the eight HRQOL SF-12 scores, role physical and general health, and the physical component summary scores, increased significantly during the intervention period. Small significant positive correlations were identified between improvements in muscle strength, and better physical and social function. Moreover, a significant increase in total muscle mass was seen during the intervention period. Conclusions: The positive, findings from this study would suggest that systematic strength training seems to be a beneficial intervention to improve HRQOL, muscle strength and muscle mass in older men.

• Stunes, Astrid Kamilla; Syversen, Unni; Berntsen, Sveinung; Paulsen, Gøran; Stea, Tonje Holte & Hetlelid, Ken Joar [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). High doses of vitamin C plus E reduce strength training-induced improvements in areal bone mineral density in elderly men. European Journal of Applied Physiology. ISSN 1439-6319. 117(6), s. 1073–1084. doi: 10.1007/s00421-017-3588-y. Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: Resistance training is beneficial for maintaining bone mass. We aimed to investigate the skeletal effects of high doses of antioxidants [vitamin C + E (α-tocopherol)] supplementation during 12-week supervised strength training in healthy, elderly men Methods: Design: double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled study. Participants followed a supervised, undulating periodic exercise program with weekly adjusted load: 3 sessions/week and 3–15 repetitions maximum (RM) sets/exercise. The control group (CG, n = 17, 67 ± 5 years) received placebo and the antioxidant group (AO, n = 16, 70 ± 7 years) 1000 mg vitamin C + 235 mg vitamin E, daily. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at whole body, lumbar spine (L1–L4), total hip, and femoral neck were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle strength by 1RM. Serum analyses of bone-related factors and adipokines were performed. Results: In the CG, total hip aBMD increased by 1.0% (CI: 0.3–1.7) versus pretest and lumbar spine aBMD increased by 0.9% (CI: −0.2 to 2.0) compared to the AO. In the CG, there was an increase in serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 [+27.3% (CI: −0.3 to 54.9)] and leptin [+31.2% (CI: 9.8–52.6)) versus pretest, and a decrease in sclerostin [−9.9% (CI: 4.4–15.3)] versus pretest and versus AO. Serum bone formation markers P1NP and osteocalcin increased in both groups, while the bone resorption marker CTX-1 remained unchanged. Conclusion: High doses of antioxidant supplementations may constrain the favorable skeletal benefits of 12 weeks of resistance exercise in healthy elderly men.

• Haakstad, Lene Annette Hagen; Sanda, Birgitte; Vistad, Ingvild; Sagedal, Linda Reme; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Torstveit, Monica Klungland (2017). Evaluation of implementing a community-based exercise intervention during pregnancy. Midwifery. ISSN 0266-6138. 46, s. 45–51. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2017.01.010. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To evaluate the implementation of a community-based exercise intervention (the Norwegian Fit for Delivery study) during pregnancy. Design: Descriptive, explorative. Setting: Healthcare clinics in southern Norway, including urban and rural settings. Participants: Healthy, nulliparous women with singleton pregnancy of ≤20 gestational weeks, age ≥18 years and body mass index ≥19 kg/m2. Methods: Women were randomized to either twice-weekly supervised exercise sessions combined with nutritional counselling (n=303) or standard prenatal care (n=303). The exercise program was based on ACOG guidelines, with the same low-impact workout for all participants, including 60 minutes of moderate-intensity cardiovascular and strength training, performed in a group of maximum 25 women. The aim of the present secondary analysis was to report on the intervention group's experience with participating in an exercise program in the 2nd and 3rd trimester, including satisfaction, adherence, adverse effects, as well as motives and barriers for attending the classes. Results: Of 303 women randomized to exercise, 274 (92.6%) attended at least one class and 187 (68.2%) completed a questionnaire after completion of the trial assessing their experience with the group sessions. For 71.7%, self-reported exercise dosage was ≥75% of the twice-weekly exercise program and more than seven out of 10 reported to be satisfied or very satisfied with the exercise sessions. A total of 95.1% answered that they would recommend this type of exercise for pregnant friends. Reported motives and health benefits included better aerobic capacity, increased energy levels and exercise enjoyment. No harmful effects of the exercise intervention were noted in the mother or the fetus. Key conclusions and implications for practice: Results demonstrated that regular group exercise was feasible, safe, and well tolerated in pregnancy, which may encourage incorporating this program into a routine health care setting.

• Sagedal, Linda Reme; Sanda, Birgitte; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Bere, Elling; Torstveit, Monica Klungland & Seiler, Hilde Lohne [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). The effect of prenatal lifestyle intervention on weight retention 12 months postpartum: results of the Norwegian Fit for Delivery randomised controlled trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. ISSN 1470-0328. 124(1), s. 111–121. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13863.
• Sagedal, Linda Reme; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Bere, Elling; Torstveit, Monica Klungland; Seiler, Hilde Lohne & Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Lifestyle intervention to limit gestational weight gain: the Norwegian Fit for Delivery randomised controlled trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. ISSN 1470-0328. 124(1), s. 97–109. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13862.
• Skreden, Marianne; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Sagedal, Linda Reme; Vistad, Ingvild; Torstveit, Monica Klungland & Seiler, Hilde Lohne [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Change in active transportation and weight gain in pregnancy. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. ISSN 1479-5868. 13(10). doi: 10.1186/s12966-016-0332-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Seiler, Hilde Lohne; Kolle, Elin; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred & Hansen, Bjørge Hermann (2016). Musculoskeletal fitness and balance in older individuals (65-85 years) and its association with steps per day: A cross sectional study Physical functioning, physical health and activity. BMC Geriatrics. ISSN 1471-2318. 16. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0188-3. Vis sammendrag

  Background: There is limited normative, objective data combining musculoskeletal fitness (MSF), balance and physical activity (PA) among older adults. The aims were therefore to; 1) describe MSF and balance in older Norwegian adults focusing on age- and sex-related differences; 2) investigate the associations among MSF, balance and objectively-assessed PA levels. Methods: This was part of a national multicenter study. Participants (65 – 85 years) were randomly selected from the national population registry. We used ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers to measure PA. Balance and MSF were assessed using: one leg standing (OLS), handgrip strength (HG), static back extension (SBE), sit and reach (SR), back scratch right, left arm over (BSR, BSL). Univariate analyses of variance were used to assess sex differences within the different MSF and balance tests and for comparisons among multiple age groups. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate how PA (expressed in 1000 steps increments) was associated with MSF and balance. Results: 85 women and 76 men were included. Mean age (standard deviation (SD)) was 73.2 (5.4) years for women and 72.3 (4.8) years for men. The youngest participants (65 – 69 years) had significantly better mean OLS- and SBE results compared with older participants. Women (65 – 85 years) had significantly better mean SR, BSR, BSL and SBE results compared with men (65 – 85 years). Men had significantly better mean HG results compared with women. No sex differences in mean OLS results were observed. A daily increment of 1000 steps was associated with better mean test scores for OLS- and SBE tests (b = 1.88, 95 % CI: 0.85 to 2.90 (p ≤ 0.001) and b = 4.63, 95 % CI: 1.98 to 7.29 ( p = 0.001), respectively). Conclusion: The youngest (65 – 69 years) had better static balance and muscular endurance in trunk extensors compared with older participants. Older women (65 – 85 years) had better joint flexibility than older men (65 – 85 years), whereas older men had better handgrip strength than older women. A higher PA level was associated with better static balance and muscular endurance in trunk extensors in older individuals. This study provides important normative data, and further investigation of trunk endurance and static balance as key foci for PA interventions in elderly is warranted.

• Stea, Tonje Holte; Berntsen, Solvor; Berntsen, Sveinung; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Paulsen, Gøran & Seiler, Hilde Lohne [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Effect of Omega-3 and Vitamins e + C Supplements on the Concentration of Serum B-Vitamins and Plasma Redox Aminothiol Antioxidant Status in Elderly Men after Strength Training for Three Months. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. ISSN 0250-6807. 68(2), s. 145–155. doi: 10.1159/000443847.
• Bjørnsen, Thomas; Salvesen, Svein; Berntsen, Sveinung; Hetlelid, Ken Joar; Stea, Tonje Holte & Seiler, Hilde Lohne [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Vitamin C and E supplementation blunts increases in total lean body mass in elderly men after strength training. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 26(7). doi: 10.1111/sms.12506. Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C and E supplementation on changes in muscle mass (lean mass and muscle thickness) and strength during 12 weeks of strength training in elderly men. Thirty-four elderly males (60–81 years) were randomized to either an antioxidant group (500 mg of vitamin C and 117.5 mg vitamin E before and after training) or a placebo group following the same strength training program (three sessions per week). Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle thickness by ultrasound imaging. Muscle strength was measured as one-repetition maximum (1RM). Total lean mass increased by 3.9% (95% confidence intervals: 3.0, 5.2) and 1.4% (0, 5.4) in the placebo and antioxidant groups, respectively, revealing larger gains in the placebo group (P = 0.04). Similarly, the thickness of m. rectus femoris increased more in the placebo group [16.2% (12.8, 24.1)] than in the antioxidant group [10.9% (9.8, 13.5); P = 0.01]. Increases of lean mass in trunk and arms, and muscle thickness of elbow flexors, did not differ significantly between groups. With no group differences, 1RM improved in the range of 15–21% (P < 0.001). In conclusion, high-dosage vitamin C and E supplementation blunted certain muscular adaptations to strength training in elderly men.

• Skreden, Marianne; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Sagedal, Linda Reme; Vistad, Ingvild; Torstveit, Monica Klungland & Seiler, Hilde Lohne [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Changes in mode of transportation to work or school from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery study. Preventive Medicine Reports. ISSN 2211-3355. 2, s. 429–435. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.05.002. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Andersen, Lene Frost; Paulsen, Gøran; Hetlelid, Ken Joar; Seiler, Hilde Lohne & Ådnanes, Svanhild [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Validation of a pre-coded food diary used among 60-80 year old men: Comparison of self-reported energy intake with objectively recorded energy expenditure. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 9(7). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102029. Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To validate energy intake (EI) estimated from a pre-coded food diary (PFD) against energy expenditure (EE) measured with a valid physical activity monitor (SenseWear Pro3 Armband) and to evaluate whether misreporting was associated with overweight/obesity in a group of elderly men. Methods: Forty-seven healthy Norwegian men, 60–80 years old, completed the study. As this study was part of a larger intervention study, cross-sectional data were collected at both baseline and post-test. Participants recorded their food intake for four consecutive days using food diaries and wore SenseWear Pro3 Armband (SWA) during the same period. Only participants with complete data sets at both baseline and post-test were included in the study. Results: The group average EI was 17% lower at baseline and 18% lower at post-test compared to measured EE. Mean difference from Bland-Altman plot for EI and EE was −1.5 MJ/day (±1.96 SD: −7.0, 4.0 MJ/day) at baseline and −1.6 MJ/day (−6.6, 3.4 MJ/day) at post-test. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.30 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.54, p = 0.018) at baseline and 0.34 (0.06, 0.57, p = 0.009) at post-test. Higher values of underreporting was shown among overweight/obese compared to normal weight participants at both baseline and post-test (p≤ 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: The results indicate that the PFD could be a useful tool for estimating energy intake in normal weight elderly men. On the other hand, the PFD seems to be less suitable for estimating energy intake in overweight/obese elderly men.

• Seiler, Hilde Lohne; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann; Kolle, Elin & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2014). Accelerometer-determined physical activity and self-reported health in a population of older adults (65-85 years): A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-284. Vis sammendrag

  Background: The link between physical activity (PA) and prevention of disease, maintenance of independence, and improved quality of life in older adults is supported by strong evidence. However, there is a lack of data on population levels in this regard, where PA level has been measured objectively. The main aims were therefore to assess the level of accelerometer-determined PA and to examine its associations with self-reported health in a population of Norwegian older adults (65–85 years). Methods: This was a part of a national multicenter study. Participants for the initial study were randomly selected from the national population registry, and the current study included those of the initial sample aged 65–85 years. The ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer was used to measure PA for seven consecutive days. A questionnaire was used to register self-reported health. Univariate analysis of variance with Bonferroni adjustments were used for comparisons between multiple groups. Results: A total of 560 participants had valid activity registrations. Mean age (SD) was 71.8 (5.6) years for women (n = 282) and 71.7 (5.2) years for men (n = 278). Overall PA level (cpm) differed considerably between the age groups where the oldest (80–85 y) displayed a 50% lower activity level compared to the youngest (65–70 y). No sex differences were observed in overall PA within each age group. Significantly more men spent time being sedentary (65–69 and 70–74 years) and achieved more minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) (75–79 years) compared to women. Significantly more women (except for the oldest), spent more minutes of low-intensity PA compared to men. PA differed across levels of self-reported health and a 51% higher overall PA level was registered in those, with “very good health” compared to those with “poor/very poor health”. Conclusion: Norwegian older adults PA levels differed by age. Overall, the elderly spent 66% of their time being sedentary and only 3% in MVPA. Twenty one percent of the participants fulfilled the current Norwegian PA recommendations. Overall PA levels were associated with self-reported health.

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• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Langhammer, Birgitta (2019). Fysisk aktivitet og trening for eldre. Betydningen for fysisk aktivitet og funksjon.E-BOK. Cappelen Damm AS. ISBN 9788202587161. 198 s.
• Langhammer, Birgitta & Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2018). Fysisk aktivitet og trening for eldre. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 978-82-02-58716-1. 198 s.
• Torstveit, Monica Klungland; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde; Berntsen, Sveinung & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2018). Fysisk aktivitet og helse: Fra begrepsforståelse til implementering av kunnskap. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202568313. 453 s.

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• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2023). Fysisk aktivitet knyttet til kognitiv evne.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2023). Sammen om aktive liv.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2023). Tren hjernen ved å trene kroppen! .
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2023). Fysisk aktivitetstiltak for ulike aldersgrupper og på ulike arenaer. Hvilken kunnskap har vi? Hva bør prioriteres? .
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2023). Ekspertenes råd: Slik bør du trene styrke for å få maks effekt. [Avis]. VG.
• Feron, Jack; Rahman, F.; Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal; Joyce, K; Giliani, A & Lohne-Seiler, Hilde [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). DETERMINANTS OF RESTING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND ARTERIAL TRANSIT TIME IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS.
• Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde; Feron, Jack; Lucas, Samuel J.E. & Berntsen, Sveinung (2023). HOW DOES OLDER ADULTS’ FITNESS LEVEL IMPACT THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BORGS RPE SCALE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES OF EXERCISE INTENSITY?
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Hansen, Bjørge Hermann (2023). Styrketrening – start nå! . Fædrelandsvennen. ISSN 0805-3790.
• Feron, Jack; Rahman, F.; Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal; Joyce, Kelsey; Gilani, Ahmed & Seiler, Hilde Lohne [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Determinants of resting cerebral blood flow and arterial transit time in healthy older adults.
• Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal; Feron, Jack; Lucas, Samuel J.E.; Seiler, Hilde Lohne & Berntsen, Sveinung (2023). How does older adults’ fitness level impact the associations between Borg's RPE scale and physiological measures of exercise intensity? .
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal (2022). Få opp pulsen, så trenes hjernen . lokalavisen fedrelandsvennen.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal (2022). Få opp pulsen, så trenes hjernen .
• Fahrenholtz, Ida & Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2022). Derfor er det bra å trene under svangerskapet .
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2022). Trening før frokost – er det å anbefale? .
• Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal; Lindberg, Kolbjørn Andreas; Bjørnsen, Thomas; Sibayan, Erlend E.; Fjeller, Joachim S. & Løvold, Sondre [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Associations between power training-induced changes in body composition and physical function in older men: a pretest-posttest experimental study. .
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde; Lindberg, Kolbjørn Andreas; Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal; Sibayan, Erlend E.; Fjeller, Joachim S. & Løvold, Sondre [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Physical function and health-related quality of life in older men after 10-weeks power training – any associations?
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal (2022). Få opp pulsen, så trenes hjernen. lokalavisen fedrelandsvennen.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2022). Trening før frokost – er det å anbefale? lokalavisen fedrelandsvennen.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal (2022). Train your brain by training your body. The FAB study.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2022). Aldring, trening og muskler.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2022). Skape engasjement rundt tverrfaglig samarbeid ut fra et faglig perspektiv basert på våre erfaringer i FAB prosjektet.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2022). Hvorfor og hvordan trene og spise når vi blir eldre?
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2022). Fitness Aging and Bilingualism (FAB). [Radio]. Nrk.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2022). Hvorfor og hvordan trene når vi blir eldre? .
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2022). Gå deg frisk før frokost. Hjemmet ukeblad.
• Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal; Lindberg, Kolbjørn Andreas; Bjørnsen, Thomas; Vårvik, Fredrik Tonstad; Berntsen, Sveinung & Seiler, Hilde Lohne (2022). Associations between power training-induced changes in body composition and physical function in older men: a pretest-posttest experimental study.
• Fahrenholtz, Ida Lysdahl & Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2022). Derfor er det bra å trene under svangerskapet. Fædrelandsvennen. ISSN 0805-3790.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal (2021). Tren hjernen ved å trene kroppen . Fædrelandsvennen. ISSN 0805-3790.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal (2021). Tren hjernen ved å trene kroppen . Folkebladet.no.
• Fosstveit, Sindre Herskedal; Seiler, Hilde Lohne; Lindberg, Kolbjørn Andreas; Berntsen, Sveinung; Bjørnsen, Thomas & Vårvik, Fredrik Tonstad (2020). The effect of individualized power training based on the least developed capacity in force-velocity profiles of elderly men.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2020). Trening mot muskelsvinn. [Avis]. Vg.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2020). Vekst og modning. Spillerutvikling ungdom 12-19 år.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2020). Menn over 60 år tjener ikke noe på å bare trene styrke eller hastighet. [Fagblad]. Forskning.no.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde; Torstveit, Monica Klungland; Johansen, Bjørn Tore; Pedersen, Andreas; Brynjulfsen, Trine & Byrkjedal, Per Thomas [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). FROM UNTRAINED 55+ TO A TRIATHLETE. A PILOT STUDY.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2020). Metoden som bygger muskler raskt . [Avis]. vg.no.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2020). Variert trening med styrke og hastighet gir mest framgang. [Fagblad]. uia.no.
• Fosstveit, Sindre H.; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde; Lindberg, Kolbjørn; Sibayan, Erlend; Fjeller, Joachim & Løvold, Sindre [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). THE EFFECT OF INDIVIDUALIZED POWER-TRAINING BASED ON FORCE-VELOCITY PROFILING IN ELDERLY MEN.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2020). «Aktivitet for vitalitet og livslyst, god resept for godt liv i eldre år?» .
• Borø, Hanne Christine J.N. & Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2019). Forsker: Eldre har stor gevist av å trene. Alder er ingen hindring mener førsteamanuensis Hilde Lohne-Seiler. [Avis]. Fædrelandsvennen.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2019). Functional capacity and physical fitness in older adults. Part 2: Balance and training. Fitness testing in older adults. FAH325. Autumn 2019.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2019). Functional capacity and physical fitness in older adults. Part 1: The aging process. FAH325. Autumn 2019.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Lindberg, Kolbjørn Andreas (2019). Hvorfor skal jeg drive med styrketrening? Utarbeidet av: Hilde Lohne-Seiler Foredragsholder: Kolbjørn A. Lindberg.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2019). Exercise in the Elderly - What is new and how do we apply this?
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2018). Presentasjon av kapittel 14: Hva påvirker barn, ungdom og voksnes fysiske aktivitet? (Fysisk aktivitet og helse. Fra begrepsforståelse til implementering av kunnskap. Cappelen Damm Akademisk, Oslo 2018).
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2018). Presentasjon av kapittel 18: Arenaer, tilrettelegging og tiltak for å fremme fysisk aktivitet i ulike befolkningsgrupper (Fysisk aktivitet og helse. Fra begrepsforståelse til implementering av kunnskap. Cappelen Damm Akademisk, Oslo 2018).
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2018). Functional capacity and physical fitness in older adults. Part 2: Balance training and falls. Fitness testing in older adults.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2018). Functional capacity and physical fitness in older adults. Part 1: The aging process.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2018). Fysisk aktivitet for eldre. Må vi trene når vi blir "gamle" også?
• Torstveit, Monica Klungland; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Berntsen, Sveinung (2018). En pille uten bivirkninger - fysisk aktiv hverdag. Fædrelandsvennen. ISSN 0805-3790.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2018). VIKTIGHETEN AV FYSISK AKTIVITET. Må vi trene når vi blir gamle også?
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2017). «Må vi trene når vi blir gamle også?» «Må vi trene når vi blir gamle også?».
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2017). “Physical activity vs. physical exercise in elderly - valuable experiences applicable in the aging cancer population?”.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2017). “The importance of physical activity and exercise in the elderly: - What is new and how do we implement this?”.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2017). «ELDRE OG FYSISK AKTIVITET. Må vi trene når vi blir gamle også?».
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2017). “Exercise in the Elderly Women: What is New and how do we Apply this?”.
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2017). Session Title: Active Women During the Lifespan: The Impact of Exercise for Health and Well-being. Presentation Title: “Exercise in the Elderly Women: What is New and how do we Apply this?”.
• Sanda, Birgitte; Vistad, Ingvild; Haakstad, Lene Annette Hagen; Berntsen, Sveinung; Sagedal, Linda Reme & Lohne-Seiler, Hilde [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Validity and reliability of physical activity questionnaire in pregnancy; does physical activity level matter?
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2016). 05.09 2016 “Aging process”, 10.10 2016 “«Balance training and falls among elderly people», 17.10 2016 «Physical fitness tests in elderly people».
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2016). «Eldre og fysisk aktivitet».
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2016). «Fysisk aktivitet i sykehjem - hvorfor og hvordan implementere FA for eldre?
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2016). «Fysisk aktivitet og eldre! Du blir aldri for gammel for å trene».
• Seiler, Hilde Lohne (2015). «Funn og erfaringer fra egen forskning».
• Seiler, Hilde Lohne (2015). «Physical fitness tests in the elderly».
• Seiler, Hilde Lohne (2015). «Balance training and fall in the elderly».
• Seiler, Hilde Lohne (2014). Hvorfor tilrettelegging for aktiv alderdom?
• Seiler, Hilde Lohne (2014). Systematisk trening - ikke bare for atleter?
• Seiler, Hilde Lohne; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2014). Static balance, hand grip strength, and flexibility in older adults, are there any sex differences?
• Sagedal, Linda Reme; Henriksen, Tore; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Torstveit, Monica Klungland; Seiler, Hilde Lohne & Bere, Elling [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). The problem of non-participation: Who declined to participate in "Fit for Delivery", a randomised, controlled trial of a lifestyle intervention in pregnancy?
• Sagedal, Linda Reme; Henriksen, Tore; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Torstveit, Monica Klungland; Seiler, Hilde Lohne & Bere, Elling [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Who are we missing? Examining non-participants in "Fit for Delivery", a randomised, controlled trial of a lifestyle intervention in pregnancy.
• Seiler, Hilde Lohne (2013). Foredrag UiA Pensjonistene, Kristiansand 18.10.2013; «Viktigheten av å holde seg i form».
• Lohne-Seiler, Hilde (2016). Physical activity level, musculoskeletal fitness, balance, strength and power performance in older adults. Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Norway.
• Seiler, Hilde Lohne (2016). Physical activity Level, musculoskeletal fitness, balance, strength and power performance in older adults. Norges Idrettshøgskole,.

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