Bjørn Erik Munkvold

• Bui, Nam; Merschbrock, Christoph & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2024). Innovation communities as catalysts for BIM adoption: a cross-case analysis of BIM communities in Norway and Vietnam. Construction Innovation. ISSN 1471-4175. doi: 10.1108/CI-07-2022-0167.
• Opach, Tomasz; Rød, Jan Ketil & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2023). Map functions to facilitate situational awareness during emergency events. Cartography and Geographic Information Science. ISSN 1523-0406. 50(6), s. 546–561. doi: 10.1080/15230406.2023.2264759. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2023). Støtte for effektivt samvirke ved større hendelser. Sikkerhet. ISSN 0805-6080. s. 64–64.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2023). Supporting Inter-Agency Collaboration in Emergency Management: Recurring Challenges Relevant for CSCW. Reports of the European Society for Socially Embedded Technologies. ISSN 2510-2591. 7(2). doi: 10.48340/ecscw2023_n01. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Emergency management requires effective collaboration between different agencies. This work implies several challenges due to a heterogeneous mix of actors with different procedures, practices, and support tools. Despite being focused in various research streams, emergency responders still report challenges with sharing information and establishing shared situational awareness in responding to complex events. The paper presents results from a large-scale digital tabletop exercise that illustrate recurring challenges related to support for collaborative procedures, a communication network structure combining several media, use of geocollaborative tools, and configuration of collaborative environments in co-located operations centers. CSCW researchers are well positioned to further address these challenges and thus make an impact in a domain of high societal importance.

• Steen-Tveit, Kristine & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2023). Defining Common Information Requirements for Supporting Multiagency Emergency Operations. I Scholl, Hans Jochen; Holdeman, Eric E. & Boersma, F. Kees (Red.), Disaster Management and Information Technology: Professional Response and Recovery Management in the Age of Disasters. Springer. ISSN 9783031209390. s. 307–322. doi: https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20939-0_14. Vis sammendrag

  Effective response in complex emergency events requires establishing shared situational awareness among the agencies involved, through sharing relevant information and building a common operational picture (COP). However, despite its acknowledged importance, developing effective practices for such information sharing proves to be challenging. A basis for this is identifying what information is critical to share and also defining a well-functioning structure for this. Based on interviews with Norwegian emergency management stakeholders, this study investigates common information requirements for emergency management services and presents an example of a framework for structuring the sharing of critical information and building a COP. The study identified eight common information requirement categories for managing extreme weather scenarios. The focus on common information needs and a process for structured information sharing contributes to a more holistic perspective on cross-sectoral operations than in current practice.

• Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Radianti, Jaziar (2023). Developing Information Systems for Collaborative Emergency Management: Requirements Analysis and Prototyping. I Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Murayama, Yuko (Red.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction, 7th IFIP WG 5.15 International Conference, ITDRR 2022 - ITDRR 2022. Springer. ISSN 978-3-031-34206-6. s. 153–169. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-34207-3_10. Vis sammendrag

  The paper presents needs and requirements for information systems support for collaborative emergency management, developed in collaboration with emergency management stakeholders in Norway. The requirements focus on three basic elements for shared situation awareness (SA) in inter-agency emergency response: terminology harmonization, map-based common operational picture (COP), and support for evaluation and learning from incidents. Building on core design principles for emergency management information systems, prototypes have been developed for these three areas and validated with potential users. The paper contributes with a user-centric approach in identifying and designing information systems support for collaborative emergency management together with stakeholders, moving from needs to requirements to design proposals and covering core elements of COPs needed for shared SA. The collected requirements and prototypes developed may serve as a basis for further development of standardized solutions for inter-agency emergency operations.

• Berge, Geir Thore; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Tveit, Tor Oddbjørn; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Ruthjersen, Anna Linda & Sharma, Jivitesh (2023). Machine learning-driven clinical decision support system for concept-based searching: a field trial in a Norwegian hospital. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. ISSN 1472-6947. 23. doi: 10.1186/s12911-023-02101-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Natural language processing (NLP) based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have demonstrated the ability to extract vital information from patient electronic health records (EHRs) to facilitate important decision support tasks. While obtaining accurate, medical domain interpretable results is crucial, it is demanding because realworld EHRs contain many inconsistencies and inaccuracies. Further, testing of such machine learning-based systems in clinical practice has received limited attention and are yet to be accepted by clinicians for regular use. Methods We present our results from the evaluation of an NLP-driven CDSS developed and implemented in a Norwegian Hospital. The system incorporates unsupervised and supervised machine learning combined with rulebased algorithms for clinical concept-based searching to identify and classify allergies of concern for anesthesia and intensive care. The system also implements a semi-supervised machine learning approach to automatically annotate medical concepts in the narrative. Results Evaluation of system adoption was performed by a mixed methods approach applying The Unifed Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as a theoretical lens. Most of the respondents demonstrated a high degree of system acceptance and expressed a positive attitude towards the system in general and intention to use the system in the future. Increased detection of patient allergies, and thus improved quality of practice and patient safety during surgery or ICU stays, was perceived as the most important advantage of the system. Conclusions Our combined machine learning and rule-based approach benefts system performance, efciency, and interpretability. The results demonstrate that the proposed CDSS increases detection of patient allergies, and that the system received high-level acceptance by the clinicians using it. Useful recommendations for further system improvements and implementation initiatives are reducing the quantity of alarms, expansion of the system to include more clinical concepts, closer EHR system integration, and more workstations available at point of care.

• Sveen, Håkon Sjøberg; Østrem, Filip; Radianti, Jaziar & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2022). The CISO Role: a Mediator between Cybersecurity and Top Management. NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning. ISSN 1892-0713. Vis sammendrag

  As organizations increasingly rely on digital solutions, they also become more exposed to cybersecurity threats. Thus, cybersecurity is becoming a strategic concern for the organizations rather than merely a technological issue. However, many organizations are still not sufficiently aware of the cybersecurity risks and their mitigation. This article studies how to engage the top management more in cybersecurity in order to mitigate the risk of cybersecurity threats. In particular, we focus on the role of the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) as part of the organization’s cybersecurity strategy. We conducted qualitative interviews with nine cybersecurity professionals, including four CISOs, two CEOs, one information security leader and two information security experts. Our study shows that the CISO role is acknowledged as important for facilitating communication between the technical staff and the top management, and for making top management understand the importance of their involvement in cybersecurity. In this sense, the CISO may serve the role as a mediator related to security aspects of the organization. Further, our findings support previous research on the importance for top management to engage actively in cybersecurity matters, including operational risk management, identifying critical assets and data, and defining necessary cybersecurity controls (physical, technical and administrative).

• Steen-Tveit, Kristine; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Radianti, Jaziar (2022). Using live video for communication between lay bystanders and emergency dispatchers in command and control centres. International Journal of Emergency Management. ISSN 1471-4825. 17(2), s. 154–176. doi: 10.1504/IJEM.2021.122930.
• Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth; Radianti, Jaziar; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Majchrzak, Tim A. & Steen-Tveit, Kristine (2021). Turning Common Operational Picture Data into Double-loop Learning from Crises – can Vision Meet Reality? . Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. ISSN 2411-3387. 18, s. 417–430. Vis sammendrag

  This study proposes a framework for double-loop learning from crises, using common operational pictures (COP). In most crises, a COP is of outmost importance to gain a common understanding among inter-organizational response. A COP is sometimes expressed through a map visualization. While the technologies to support COP progress rapidly, the corresponding practice of evaluating the COP and situational awareness is not yet established. Tools that enable responders to learn after the crisis, look back in time on the COP development and detect the barriers that prevent the COP establishment, still seem absent. Double-loop learning is an organizational practice to learn from previous actions widely adopted in the safety domain, and lately used in crisis management. This paper addresses the perceived gap by presenting the technical, organizational and structural requirements derived from document analysis, observation, and a workshop with multiple crisis management stakeholders, and integrating them to an initial framework.

• Steen-Tveit, Kristine & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2021). From common operational picture to common situational understanding: An analysis based on practitioner perspectives . Safety Science. ISSN 0925-7535. 142. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105381. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The concepts of Situational Awareness (SA) and Common Operational Picture (COP) are closely related and well-acknowledged to be crucial factors for effective emergency management. In multi-agency operations, such as extreme weather events, the involved first responders manage the event with different mandates, objectives, and tools which can make it challenging to build a COP. Effective collaboration requires a common situational understanding, based on knowledge about each other’s responsibilities and tasks, mutual respect and trust, as well as common communication tools for emergency communication and information sharing. This paper argues that the COP serves as a basis for deciding on further action, and thus represents a first stage in the process of establishing common situational understanding among the involved actors. The empirical basis for the study includes interviews with Norwegian emergency management stakeholders, analysis of audio-logs, and review of public documents. Based on the analysis we present a framework comprising activities and processes involved in establishing a COP as a basis for common situational understanding.

• Hausvik, Geir Inge; Thapa, Devinder & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2021). Information quality life cycle in secondary use of EHR data. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. 56. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102227. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Steen-Tveit, Kristine; Radianti, Jaziar & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2020). SMS-based Real-time Data Collection for Evaluation of Situational Awareness and Common Operational Picture : Lessons Learned from A Field Exercise. I Hughes, Amanda; McNeill, Fiona & Zobel, Christopher W. (Red.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Virginia Tech. ISSN 978-1-949373-27-1. s. 276–284. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Opach, Tomasz; Rød, Jan Ketil; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Radianti, Jaziar; Steen-Tveit, Kristine & Grottenberg, Lars Ole (2020). Map-based interfaces for common operational picture. I Hughes, Amanda; McNeill, Fiona & Zobel, Christopher W. (Red.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Virginia Tech. ISSN 978-1-949373-27-1. s. 506–516. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Common operationalpicture (COP) map-based interfacesdisplay operational information to support integrationofemergency responders. Such interfacesintegrate different subsystems and present the resulting information into an overview for enabling situation awareness. Literature shows that they are often developed from non-user-centric perspectives and are defined in technological terms that arenot adequately capturing the users’ needs. Therefore,theaim of this particular work in progressis to get insight into the features and the role of COP map-based interfaces currently being used in Norway to (1) examine theircontent, functionality, and design;and(2) to understand how such displays are incorporated into the servicecontext.This studystructuresthe knowledge on map displays that constitute part of the COP services.Using workshopand interviews with the developers and usersof existing COP map services, we identify requirements for a common operational symbology and common operational functionality to improvesuch map services andmake them interoperable.

• Steen-Tveit, Kristine; Radianti, Jaziar & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2020). Using Audio-Logs for Analyzing the Development of a Common Operational Picture in Multi-agency Emergency Response. I Bui, Tung X. (Red.), Proceeding of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2020). AIS Electronic Library University of Hawai'i at Manoa Hamilton Library 2550 McCarthy Mall Honolulu, HI 96822. ISSN 978-0-9981331-3-3. s. 604–613. doi: 10.24251/hicss.2020.074. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Opach, Tomasz; Pilemalm, Sofie; Radianti, Jaziar; Rød, Jan Ketil & Snaprud, Mikael (2019). Sharing information for common situational understanding in emergency response. I Johannesson, Paul; Ågerfalk, Pär J. & Helms, Remko (Red.), Proceedings of the 27th European Conferenceon Information Systems (ECIS), Stockholm & Uppsala, Sweden, June 8-14, 2019. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-1-7336325-0-8. Vis sammendrag

  Emergency responders lack support to effectively share information and establish a common operational picture COP), for reaching shared situational understanding of threats and incidents. This challenge is multifaceted: lack of a systematic overview of information elements that are critical to share in different crisis scenarios; no common map interface in place using standard symbols; and different terminologies used across disciplines, resulting in possible communication and coordination problems. The paper presents a research project initiated to provide a systematic approach for effective sharing, integration and use of information from different sources, to establish a COP and shared situational understanding among multiple actors in emergency response. The solution to be developed will provide a common map-based interface, integrating harmonisation of terminology and collaboration support for information sharing and synthesis. The enhanced COP will also support evaluation and learning from exercises and incidents. The project involves close collaboration with emergency management stakeholders in Norway, for requirements analysis, participatory design, and validation of project deliverables. The research will improve information sharing and decision support in emergency operations centres, which will contribute to improve societal resilience through more effective response capability.

• Hausvik, Geir Inge; Thapa, Devendra Bahadur & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2019). The Role of Mediators in Transforming and Translating Information Quality: A Case of Quality Assurance in a Norwegian Hospital Trust. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. 52(1), s. 4115–4124. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2019.499. Vis sammendrag

  The existing literature on information quality (IQ) provides limited understanding of how roles influence IQ in healthcare. The traditional way of understanding roles such as collectors, custodians, and consumers assumes that data are simply transformed into information and subsequently used by consumers. However, this does not explain how interpersonal communication influences IQ. In reality, the actors involved can actively change the quality of healthcare information through transformation, translation, or distortion. Latour’s idea of intermediaries and mediators can be an appropriate lens for understanding these roles. Latour defined intermediaries as socio-technical actors who simply transport information, whereas mediators can transform, translate, distort, and change the meaning of information. Following Latour’s idea, we conducted a qualitative case study of quality assurance in a Norwegian healthcare organization. In doing so, we illustrated how IQ mediators can distort or create shared understanding of quality assurance information, which further influences enactment.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Radianti, Jaziar; Rød, Jan Ketil; Opach, Tomasz; Snaprud, Mikael & Pilemalm, Sofie [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Sharing incident and threat information for common situational understanding. Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. ISSN 2411-3387. 2019-May, s. 1357–1363. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lazareva, Aleksandra & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2018). Facilitating Collaboration: Potential Synergies Between Collaboration Engineering and Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. International Journal of e-collaboration. ISSN 1548-3673. 13(3), s. 22–38. doi: 10.4018/IJeC.2017070102. Vis sammendrag

  This article explores the potential synergy between computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) and collaboration engineering (CE). Both areas pursue the goal of understanding how to manage interactions in collaborative groups to achieve shared understanding, reduce process losses, and improve performance. By analyzing the research in the two areas, the authors identify several topics where exchange of research findings would be of mutual benefit. For example, research on CE can inform collaboration script research on reducing learners' cognitive load, providing sufficient guidance on the use of tools, and specifying the instructor role during the collaborative learning process. Similarly, collaboration script research can provide useful insights to CE on the appropriation and internalization of effective support strategies. CE research could also learn from script research on training group participants into specific roles. Further challenges include designing scripts that balance restrictiveness and flexibility and refining the theoretical foundation of the two research areas.

• Bui, Nam; Merschbrock, Christoph; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Lassen, Ann Karina (2018). An institutional perspective on BIM implementation – A case study of an intercity railway project in Norway, Information Systems Development: Designing Digitalization (ISD2018 Proceedings). Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-91-7753-876-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Radianti, Jaziar; Martinez, Santiago; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Konnestad, Morgan (2018). Co-design of a Virtual Training Tool with Emergency Management Stakeholders for Extreme Weather Response, Design, User Experience, and Usability: Theory and Practice - 7th International Conference, DUXU 2018. Springer. ISSN 978-3-319-91796-2. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-91797-9_14.
• Snaprud, Mikael; Radianti, Jaziar & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2017). SAMTERM: Terminologi for samordnet krisehåndtering, NORDTERM 20 Hvem er brukerne av terminologiske ressurser – og hvordan når vi ut til dem?. Språkrådet. ISSN 978-82-93424-07-9. s. 152–159.
• Thapa, Devinder; Budhathoki, Nama Raj & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2017). Analyzing Crisis Response through Actor-network Theory: The Case of Kathmandu Living Labs. Communications of the Association for Information Systems. ISSN 1529-3181. 41(1), s. 414–428. doi: 10.17705/1cais.04119. Vis sammendrag

  Crisis response is the most critical stage in crisis management during which actors make important decisions on mitigating a crisis. However, the decision making in such situations is a complex sociotechnical phenomenon. The literature specifies crisis response to include four steps (i.e., observation, interpretation, choice, and dissemination) and suggests a sociotechnical approach for analyzing them. However, we still lack theoretical guidelines for conducting sociotechnical analyses of the complexity involved in the crisis response activities. To help fill this knowledge gap, we present an interpretive case study on Kathmandu Living Labs’ (KLL) role in the response to the Nepal earthquake in 2015. We analyze the case using actor-network theory (ANT) and explore how a social entrepreneur from KLL enrolled different technical and human actors and mobilized them in the crisis response. We use ANT to explore the temporal and interdependent role of digital volunteers, local communities, and technologies in responding to the crisisWe demonstrate the usefulness of ANT’s translation process in understanding the complex sociotechnical process of crisis response in disaster events.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Bygstad, Bendik (2016). The Land of Confusion – Clearing up some common misunderstandings of interpretive research. NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. ISSN 1892-0748. 24(1). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Qualitative research approaches are now well established in information systems research, and are given equal weight as quantitative research in research methods courses in graduate programs. Similar, the heated paradigm debate seems to largely have cooled off, with interpretivist research now being accepted as an alternative to positivism and other paradigms. However, from the authors’ experience with teaching qualitative methods and reviewing qualitative research work, we see a growing tendency among both students and more experienced researchers to view qualitative and interpretive research as synonyms. We argue that this to some extent is due to a lack of precision in how the interpretivist paradigm is introduced in method textbooks and resources, where the rhetoric is sometimes conflated so as to indicate that all research focusing on the social and contextual aspects of technology use is by default interpretivist. On this background, our mission with this paper is to highlight the key characteristics of interpretive research that distinguish this approach from ‘any qualitative study’. In this, we discuss core concepts and procedures related to interpretive data collection and analysis, including validation and generalizability. Finally, we present a set of guiding questions forming a checklist for whether the qualitative study conducted would qualify as interpretive research or not.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2016). Diffusing Crisis Management Solutions through Living Labs: Opportunities and Challenges. Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. ISSN 2411-3387. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Despite increasing focus on user involvement among the developers of crisis management technologies, the diffusion of these solutions in target user communities is slow. This paper discusses to what extent the Living Lab approach, based on open innovation and co-creation between users and developers, could facilitate the diffusion of crisis management solutions. Our analysis shows correspondence between the core principles of the Living Labs approach and the user interaction focus in development research in ISCRAM. However, the task urgency and criticality of crisis situations limits the possibility for testing and experimenting with technology in real use situations. Instead, the main distinguishing principle of the Living Lab approach is the nature and scope of stakeholder involvement. By creating an arena where community stakeholders participate equally with developers and researchers in sharing ideas and testing new technological solutions, chances for successful diffusion of these solutions in real use practice could be strengthened.

• Presthus, Wanda & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2016). How to frame your contribution to knowledge? A guide for junior researchers in information systems. NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. ISSN 1892-0748. 24(1). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Master students and junior researchers within the Information Systems (IS) field often struggle to frame their knowledge contributions when reporting their research. In this paper, we investigated this research question: what are the forms of knowledge contributions that can be targeted in information systems research? We analysed a selection of NOKOBIT papers that were written by junior researchers, with their previous masters or PhD supervisors as co-authors. As expected, we found that all papers followed the same script of identifying a research gap and trying to fill it. While the practical contributions often can be acknowledged, the theoretical contribution can be more difficult to identify. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we suggest a taxonomy of various forms of knowledge contributions in Information Systems research. Second, we present contribution-focused guidelines for junior researchers. This study should be of interest to master students and junior researchers, as well as to their supervisors.

• Bui, Nam; Merschbrock, Christoph & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2016). A Review of Building Information Modelling for Construction in Developing Countries. Procedia Engineering. ISSN 1877-7058. 164, s. 487–494. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.649. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Merschbrock, Christoph; Lassen, Ann Karina; Tollnes, Tor & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2016). Serious games as a virtual training ground for relocation to a new healthcare facility. Facilities. ISSN 0263-2772. 34(13-14), s. 788–808. doi: 10.1108/F-02-2015-0008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bygstad, Bendik; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Volkoff, Olga (2016). Identifying generative mechanisms through affordances: a framework for critical realist data analysis. Journal of Information Technology. ISSN 0268-3962. 31(1), s. 83–96. doi: 10.1057/jit.2015.13. Vis sammendrag

  Critical realism has attracted increasing attention as an alternative to positivist and interpretive research for explaining contemporary phenomena. There are now several sources for information systems’ (IS) scholars providing guidance on conducting critical realist studies. However, the most challenging step of a critical realist data analysis, the identification of causal mechanisms, is still insufficiently described. Identifying mechanisms is challenging. Drawing on the concept of affordances as an analytical construct offers the researcher a tool to identify and analyse mechanisms. We present a step-wise framework for identifying structural components of a mechanism, how these components interact to produce an outcome and contextual influences on this outcome. We illustrate the application of the framework through an example of the identification of IS innovation mechanisms in a case study in the airline industry. In doing so, we argue that the approach offers a methodological tool for identifying generative mechanisms, helping the researcher in conducting a more precise data analysis in empirical research.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Flaten, Mats & Pettersen Nguyen, Robin (2015). Volunteers’ Perceptions of the Use of Social Media in Emergency Management . Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. ISSN 2411-3387. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper presents the results of interviews with representatives from Norwegian emergency management volunteer organizations on their current use of social media and their perception of the potential for extended use of social media in their operations. Our study shows that social media is currently mainly used for information to the public and for internal communication. The informants expressed some reluctance towards the concept of virtual operations support teams, and using social media to collect information from the public. Yet, based on the possible benefits reported in the literature from studies of early adopters of digital volunteer groups, we argue in this paper for establishing a similar service at the regional level in Norway that can support the local volunteer organizations.

• Khazanchi, Deepak; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Lazareva, Aleksandra (2015). Towards a Contingency Theory of eLearning. I Conway, David F.; Hillen, Andrea Stefanie; Landis, Melodee; Schlegelmilch, Mary T. & Wolcott, Peter (Red.), Digital Media in Teaching and its Added Value. Waxmann Verlag. ISSN 978-3-8309-3287-1. s. 35–51.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2015). Agile Knowledge Networking - A novel approach to research collaboration between industry and academia. I Lorenz, Pascal & Leclercq, Pierre (Red.), COLLA 2015 - Proceedings of The Fifth International Conference on Advanced Collaborative Networks, Systems and Applications. International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA). ISSN 978-1-61208-436-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper presents a novel approach to interaction between industry and academia, in the form of a knowledge networking program as implemented by a telecommunications company. Compared to traditional in-house R&D, this program represents an agile and “lightweight” approach to getting access to scientific knowledge supporting the company’s quest for disruptive innovations. Supported by a team of student trainees, the program facilitates interaction with a large number of top academic scholars worldwide. The paper reports experiences and lessons learned from the program so far, and discusses areas of further improvement in terms of managing the collaborative R&D process and cultivating the networking capability of the company.

• Merschbrock, Christoph & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2015). Effective digital collaboration in the construction industry - A case study of BIM deployment in a hospital construction project. Computers in industry (Print). ISSN 0166-3615. 73, s. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.compind.2015.07.003.
• Webersik, Christian; Gonzalez, Jose J; Dugdale, Julie Anne; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Granmo, Ole-Christoffer (2015). Towards an integrated approach to emergency management: interdisciplinary challenges for research and practice. Culture Unbound. Journal of Current Cultural Research. ISSN 2000-1525. 7(3), s. 524–540. doi: 10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1572525. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This article presents an interdisciplinary vision for large-scale integrated emergency management that has been inspired by the transition from platform centric to inte-grated operations in the oil and gas fields, which uses remote emergency control centres collaborating virtually with local responders. The article discusses some of the most salient research challenges for integrated emergency management, including the role of mobile technology, human-centred sensing, citizen participation and social media, and the socio-cultural determinants of disaster management. The purpose of this article is to frame an integrated emergency management approach that adopts a multi-disciplinary approach, including human computer interaction, information systems, computer science, development studies and organization science employing different methodologies.Most importantly, we need to better understand the socio-cultural determinants of how people prepare to, respond and perceive disasters, in order to evaluate whether and what kind of information and communication technology (ICT) support is appropriate. There is need for more research as to why in some regions local people ignore official orders to evacuate, and rather follow the advice of local leaders, elders or religious leaders. In other instances, disasters are seen as acts of God thus shaping disaster preparedness and response.

• Zach, Ondrej; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2014). ERP system implementation in SMEs: exploring the influences of the SME context. Enterprise Information Systems. ISSN 1751-7575. 8(2), s. 309–335. doi: 10.1080/17517575.2012.702358. Vis sammendrag

  Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Compared to large enterprises, SMEs differ in a number of inherent characteristics, which are likely to impact the ERP system implementations. The purpose of this study is to explore these influences of the SME context on the ERP system implementation process. SME characteristics are synthesised from relevant literature and the influences of the contextual factors on various activities across the ERP life cycle are investigated. The study presents findings from a multiple case study of four SMEs. The ownership type of the companies and limited resources were identified as the most influential contextual factors. Among the ERP life-cycle phases, the implementation phase was affected most by the SME context. The case studies also illustrate the need for a more nuanced view on what should be considered general characteristics of SMEs; for example, regarding the level of IS knowledge, business processes, and market characteristics.

• Flaten, Mats; Pettersen Nguyen, Robin & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2014). Frivillige organisasjoners bruk av sosiale medier i krisehåndtering. NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. ISSN 1892-0748. Vis sammendrag

  Internasjonale studier viser hvordan sosiale medier anvendes i økende grad som kilde for å etablere situasjonsforståelse under ulike krisesituasjoner. Internasjonale team av ‘digitale frivillige’ bearbeider og analyserer informasjonen i sanntid og oppretter krisekart som støtter det formelle nødhjelpsapparatet. Denne artikkelen presenterer en undersøkelse av hvordan sosiale medier benyttes av norske frivillige organisasjoner i forbindelse med krisehåndtering, og hvilke muligheter som eksisterer for utvidet bruk. Intervjuer av representanter for de frivillige organisasjonene viser at bruken av sosiale medier i dag hovedsakelig er begrenset til enveis informasjon til publikum for profilering og synliggjøring av aktiviteter. De frivillige organisasjonene opererer på oppdrag fra politiet eller andre nødetater, og vurderer informasjonsinnsamling fra sosiale medier som oppdragsgivers ansvar. Flere av organisasjonene ser også et potensiale i at informasjon fra publikum via sosiale medier kan gi et verdifullt og effektivt bidrag til å få oppdatert oversikt over situasjonen. Artikkelen diskuterer muligheten for å opprette en ressursgruppe av frivillige som kan bistå organisasjonene og nødetatene med analyse av informasjon fra sosiale medier.

• Merschbrock, Christoph & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2014). How is Building Information Modeling Influenced by Project Complexity? A Cross-Case Analysis of e-Collaboration Performance in Building Construction. International Journal of e-collaboration. ISSN 1548-3673. 10(2), s. 20–39. doi: 10.4018/ijec.2014040102.
• Merschbrock, Christoph & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2014). Succeeding with Building Information Modeling: A Case Study of BIM Diffusion in a Healthcare Construction Project. I Sprague, Ralph H. (Red.), Proceedings of the 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-1-4799-2504-9. s. 3959–3968. doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2014.490.
• Stendal, Karen; Molka-Danielsen, Judith; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Balandin, Susan (2013). Social affordances for people with lifelong disability through using virtual worlds. I Sprague, Ralph H. (Red.), Proceedings of the 46th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences; 7–10 January 2013; Wailea, Maui, Hawaii. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-0-7695-4892-0. s. 873–882. doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2013.485. Vis sammendrag

  In the information age, information and communication technology (ICT) is an asset for supporting people with disability to participate and be included in society. Research indicates that virtual worlds may help this group to gain independence and improve social participation. The aim of the present research was to explore the role that virtual worlds play in facilitating people with disability to experience a self-perceived improvement of social participation, independence and well-being. Using qualitative methods our results indicate that people with lifelong disability perceive that they reach a larger and more diverse network through the use of virtual worlds. Based on identified Quality of Life factors, we found that people with lifelong disability perceived that they obtained increased independence, social participation and well-being. The social affordances offered by virtual worlds are promising for improving these identified factors. This area of research warrants further empirical investigation to understand the implications in a broader social context.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Meum, Torbjørg (2013). Evolving Information Infrastructure for Emergency Management. I Fallmyr, Terje; Bygstad, Bendik; Fog, Jørgen; Habib, Laurence; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Opdahl, Andreas Lothe & Sindre, Guttorm (Red.), NOKOBIT 2013 : Universitetet i Stavanger 18. - 20. november 2013 : Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. Akademika forlag. ISSN 978-82-321-0373-7. s. 131–144. Vis sammendrag

  The paper presents a study of adoption and use of information systems in regional and local emergency management. We characterize ICT-supported emergency management as an information infrastructure, to emphasize mechanisms that enable communication and coordination across organizational, professional and geographical boundaries. The rapid evolution of ICT has provided new capabilities and opportunities for managing emergency situations and led to widespread use of numerous systems. Using information infrastructures as a theoretical framework, this study describes mechanisms interconnecting services, practices and technologies in emergency management. In particular, we focus on the evolving use of social media and the role of this as part of the coordinating infrastructure. The empirical data is based on a qualitative study of regional emergency management and includes observations, archival documents and semi-structured interviews. Overall, the study provides a deepening understanding of how large-scale information systems grow and evolve, including coordinating mechanisms and the process of translation of information across formal and informal contexts.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Meum, Torbjørg (2013). Information Infrastructure for Crisis Response Coordination: A Study of Local Emergency Management in Norwegian Municipalities. I Comes, Martina; Geldermann, Jutta; Fiedrich, Frank; Mueller, Tim & Fortier, Stephen (Red.), 10th International ISCRAM Conference 2013. Proceedings, Baden-Baden, Germany, 12-15 May 2013. KIT. ISSN 978-3-923704-80-4. s. 84–88. Vis sammendrag

  While great progress is made in terms of development and implementation on new ICT services for supporting crisis response coordination, the challenge remains on how to integrate these services within the ICT infrastructure in daily use by emergency responders. We report from an ongoing analysis of existing crisis response infrastructure in Norwegian municipalities, presenting an overview of current practice and related challenges. We argue for an information infrastructure perspective on the integration challenges, focusing on how new services based on geographic information systems and social media should be based on existing systems in use.

• Merschbrock, Christoph & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2013). Improving Interorganizational Design Practices in the Wood‐based Building Industry. I Klakegg, Ole Jonny; Kjølle, Kari; Mehaug, Cecilie Gillesen; Olsson, Nils; Shiferaw, Asmamaw Tadege & Woods, Ruth (Red.), 7th Nordic Conference on Construction Economics and Organisation, Trondheim, June 12-14, 2013. Akademika forlag. ISSN 978-82-321-0273-0. s. 479–489.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Zigurs, Ilze & Khazanchi, Deepak (2012). Virtual PhD Courses – A New Mode of PhD Education? I Fallmyr, Terje; Bygstad, Bendik; Fog, Jørgen; Habib, Laurence Marie Anna; Iden, Jon; Krogstie, John & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (Red.), NOKOBIT 2012 :Universitetet i Nordland 19. - 21. november 2012 : Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. Akademika forlag. ISSN 978-82-321-0185-6. s. 159–170. Vis sammendrag

  This paper presents experiences from a joint virtual PhD course for doctoral students at a Norwegian and a US university. Based on an experiential learning approach, the course focused on practices for virtual research collaboration. Through six synchronous online sessions, interspersed with interaction in sub-teams, the participants worked on developing a joint conference publication. This gave the PhD students first-hand experience with working in a virtual research team. Based on our analysis of the experiences from the course, we discuss challenges of the virtual course setting and present guidelines for the design and conduct of similar virtual courses. Our results indicate that the virtual mode of learning could well be included in PhD education, thus enabling interaction between students and instructors in different programs and institutions that otherwise would be difficult. As for any form of virtual work, this requires careful coordination, clarification of leadership roles, and technology and process support for effective interaction and co-production.

• Merschbrock, Christoph & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2012). A Research Review on Building Information Modeling in Construction ― An Area Ripe for IS Research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems. ISSN 1529-3181. 31. doi: 10.17705/1cais.03110. Vis sammendrag

  This article presents a review of the research on Building Information Modeling (BIM) in construction, with the aim of identifying areas in this domain where IS research can contribute. The concept of BIM comprises an infrastructure of IT tools supporting collaborative and integrated design, assembly, and operation of buildings. This integrated construction approach, with all stakeholders editing or retrieving information from commonly shared models, requires major changes to well-established processes, organizational roles, contractual practices, and collaborative arrangements in the construction industry. Through a review of 264 research articles on BIM, we found that this research spans a wide area of technological and organizational topics, of which many have a clear resonance to focal areas in IS research. Our analysis shows that IS, to some extent, serves as a reference discipline and that theories used in IS research are also informing contemporary BIM research. The following areas in need of further IS research were identified: studies on the relationship between BIM’s functional affordance and human agency, adoption and use of BIM for inter-organizational collaboration, the influence of organizational culture on BIM practices, the capabilities of BIM for transforming industry practice, and identifying the business value of BIM. Considering that a well-established knowledge base in IS research can be drawn upon for studying these issues, combined with the exciting potential of BIM for transforming a major industry such as building construction, we conclude that BIM is an area ripe for IS research.

• Zach, Ondrej & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2012). Identifying reasons for ERP system customization in SMEs: a multiple case study. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. ISSN 1741-0398. 25(5), s. 462–478. doi: 10.1108/17410391211265142.
• Stendal, Karen; Molka-Danielsen, Judith; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Balandin, Susan (2012). Virtual worlds and people with lifelong disability: Exploring the relationship with virtual self and others, Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Information Systems : ECIS 2012 : June 10-13, 2012, Barcelona. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-84-88971-54-8. s. 1–13. Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Paper 156: An increasing number of people with lifelong disability are active members of virtual worlds. Through their avatars, people with disability are able to participate in social, work related and educational activities in the virtual world. The aim for this paper was to explore how people with lifelong disability experienced the relationship with their virtual self and others, applying the lens of Embodied Social Presence Theory. Based on data collected through participant observation and interviews with novice and experienced users of Second Life, our findings indicate that the relationship between humans and their avatar is strong. Further, the findings indicate that the relationship with a person?s own avatar and others in the virtual world requires time to develop and be meaningful for people with lifelong disability. The ability to create an avatar with no visible disability and to choose what to disclose about a disability, is important affordances offered by the virtual world to people with disability. This study contributes to an understanding of the potential for virtual worlds to support people with lifelong disability in engaging in leisure activities and social interactions.

• Johannessen, Marius Rohde & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2012). Defining the IT Artefact in Social Media for eParticipation: An Ensemble View, Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Information Systems : ECIS 2012 : June 10-13, 2012, Barcelona. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-84-88971-54-8.
• Zach, Ondrej & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2011). ERP System Customization In SMEs: A Multiple Case Study. I Seddon, Peter B. & Gregor, Shirley (Red.), Proceedings of the 15th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2011). Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-1-86435-644-1. doi: 10.1108/17410391211265142. Vis sammendrag

  One of the biggest challenges for organizations implementing an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is to find the right fit between the processes embedded in the system and the existing organizational business processes. “Conventional wisdom” founded on studies from large enterprises holds that ERP systems should be implemented without customization. However, studies of ERP system implementations in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) indicate that in these organizations ERP system customization is more common. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the scarce literature on identifying reasons for ERP system customization in SMEs. Based on a multiple case study of four SMEs, the study investigates reasons for ERP system customization with a focus on distinguishing characteristics of the SME context. The analysis identified eight various reasons for ERP system customization observed in the SMEs. Reasons specific to the SME context here include unique business processes, ownership type, and organizational maturity.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Zigurs, Ilze & Khazanchi, Deepak (2011). Augmenting Online Learning with Real-Time Conferencing: Experiences from an International Course. I Fallmyr, Terje (Red.), Proceeding from Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi, 2011. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 978-82-519-2845-8. s. 221–232. Vis sammendrag

  This paper reports experiences from the use of real-time conferencing to support synchronous class interaction in an international online course. Through combination of video, audio, application sharing and chat, the students and instructors engaged in weekly interactions in a virtual classroom. This created an environment for rich interaction, augmenting the traditional use of course repositories. Further, this gave the students hands-on experience with real-time conferencing tools which are increasingly common in the workplace. The paper also discusses experienced challenges related to combining the use of multiple ynchronous communication channels and presents implications for further use of real-time conferencing in online courses.

• Bygstad, Bendik & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2011). In Search of Mechanisms. Conducting a Critical Realist Data Analysis. I Beath, Cynthia; Myers, Michael D. & Wei, Kwok-Kee (Red.), ICIS 2011 Proceedings. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-0-615-55907-0. doi: 10.1057/jit.2015.13. Vis sammendrag

  Critical realism has emerged as an alternative to positivist and interpretive research during the past decade. Yet, the number of empirical studies based on this perspective has so far been limited. This indicates a need for a more explicit method for critical realist data analysis. To address this, we extend former research on critical realist methodology by presenting a framework for identifying and understanding causal structures in critical realist studies, termed mechanisms. The framework consists of steps involved in identifying structural components of a mechanism, how these components interact to produce to an outcome, and contextual influences on this outcome. We illustrate the application of the framework through an example of the identification of IS innovation mechanisms in a case study in the airline industry. Overall, we argue that the mechanism approach can improve empirical studies in the IS field, by providing ontological depth, creative thinking and more precise explanations.

• Stendal, Karen; Molka-Danielsen, Judith; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Balandin, Susan (2011). Initial experience with virtual worlds for people with lifelong disability : preliminary findings. I Fallmyr, Terje (Red.), Proceeding from Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi, 2011. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 978-82-519-2845-8. s. 105–118. Vis sammendrag

  Information and communication technologies (ICT), including Internet and a plethora of social networking applications, are an important for people with lifelong disability in their day to day life. Such technology offers possibilities and opportunities for this group of people to enjoy a range of new social interactions. Through the internet people with disability are able to meet and interact with other individuals who struggle with the same issues or meet people sharing their interests. Virtual worlds (VW) are the latest star on the social networking horizon. Virtual worlds offer an environment that can be more attentive and accommodating to the needs of individuals with impairments in that people with lifelong disability may be able to engage in activities without experiencing exclusion and discrimination based on their disability. Through this paper we will present the initial experiences of a group of people with lifelong disability engaging in activities in the virtual world Second Life. This research, sponsored by the Norwegian Research Council, aims to explore the affordances offered by virtual worlds to people with lifelong disability. We seek to discover if VW assist project participants to engage in meaningful activities and social interactions. This work in progress presents preliminary findings from the first five weeks of a group of people with disability experiencing Second Life. The preliminary findings show that the participants are experiencing challenges while engaging in activities in the virtual world, but with the help of teaching staff and the project team are experiencing benefits in terms of being able to engage in shared activities in the virtual setting. This paper presents our exploratory research method and initial findings. We conclude that these initial findings indicate that virtual worlds have benefits of for people with lifelong disability, such as enjoyment of activities and communicating through different features.

• Bygstad, Bendik & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2011). Exploring the role of informants in interpretive case study research in IS. Journal of Information Technology. ISSN 0268-3962. 26(1), s. 32–45. doi: 10.1057/jit.2010.15.
• Paivarinta, Tero & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2010). Establishing On-Line Corporate Training in Distributed, Synchronous eCollaboration: A Field Study. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 6257, s. 81–96. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-15714-1_7. Vis sammendrag

  Whereas technologies for eCollaboration are maturing, a need for learning eCollaboration in distributed organizations continues. This paper presents the experiences from establishing corporate training in distributed, synchronous eCollaboration. The training package was delivered solely on-line with synchronous interaction among the participants and the instructors. The study contributes to the scarce body of research on computer-supported collaborative learning in professional and corporate contexts. The reported experiences illustrate several challenges to establish corporate on-line training of eCollaboration: promotion of awareness of the benefits of learning eCollaboration, management of varying pre-skills of employees participating in distributed and synchronous eCollaboration, lack of common conventions for selecting and using tools for particular organizational eCollaboration scenarios, inclusion of synchronous eCollaboration in the corporate eLearning strategy, and alignment of focused eCollaboration competencies to ever-evolving corporate eCollaboration infrastructure, policies and IT operations.

• Hægeland, Anders Olav; Hustad, Eli & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2010). KUNNSKAPSDELING GJENNOM HISTORIEFORTELLING I EN SMIDIG PROSJEKTORGANISASJON. I Fallmyr, Terje & Hjelmås, Erik (Red.), Norsk Informatikkonferanse. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 978-82-519-2703-1. s. 109–122. Vis sammendrag

  Historier kan spille en viktig rolle for å oppnå effektiv kunnskapsdeling. Denne studien fokuserer på hvordan smidige verdier i en prosjektorganisasjon er med på å skape arenaer for kunnskapsdeling gjennom historiefortelling. En casestudie ble gjennomført i en prosjektorganisasjon som praktiserer Scrum utviklingsmetodikk. Artikkelen gjengir beskrevne prosjektsituasjoner fra fire prosjekter. Analysen bygger på narrativer identifisert gjennom observasjon, intervjuer og dokumentstudier. Funn fra denne studien viser at smidige praksiser har et potensial som kan bidra til en kunnskapsdelende kultur hvor historiefortelling er sentralt. Studien identifiserte historier som fokuserte på scenarioer, brukerhistorier og arbeidshistorier, samt ulike typer historier som bidro til erkjennelse av pågående problemer og refleksjon rundt egen innsats og resultat.

• Korsvik, Kristian & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2010). Enterprise Content Management in Practice: One Size Does not Fit All. I Fallmyr, Terje & Hjelmås, Erik (Red.), Norsk Informatikkonferanse. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 978-82-519-2703-1. s. 197–210. Vis sammendrag

  The article focuses on how a state of the art, standardized enterprise content management (ECM) solution can meet the information management needs of a highly specialized business unit working with large volumes of unstructured information, and what adaptation of work practice is needed to comply with this solution. The empirical basis is a case study of implementation and use of an ECM solution in a large energy company. The findings illustrate functional limitations of the standardized solution, and challenges related to specification of metadata and achieving compliance with the new information management practices. The article contributes to the yet scarce academic research on ECM, and presents insights to enterprises considering this type of implementation.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Fallmyr, Terje; Fog, Jørgen; Kaasbøll, Jens; Netteland, Grete; Opdahl, Andreas Lothe & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). NOKOBIT 2014, Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi, Høgskolen i Østfold 17 - 19. november 2014. Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. ISBN 9788251928458. 22(1). 255 s.
• Fallmyr, Terje; Bygstad, Bendik; Fog, Jørgen; Habib, Laurence; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Opdahl, Andreas Lothe [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). NOKOBIT 2013 : Universitetet i Stavanger 18. - 20. november 2013 : Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. Akademika forlag. ISBN 978-82-321-0373-7. 228 s.
• Fallmyr, Terje; Bygstad, Bendik; Fog, Jørgen; Habib, Laurence Marie Anna; Iden, Jon & Krogstie, John [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). NOKOBIT 2012 :Universitetet i Nordland 19. - 21. november 2012 : Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. Akademika forlag. ISBN 978-82-321-0185-6.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2023). NOKOBIT keynote presentation: Technology-based innovation for societal resilience .
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2023). Technology-based innovation for societal resilience – the interdisciplinary research at the Centre for Integrated Emergency Management.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2022). Teknologi bedrer sikkerheten. [Radio]. NRK Distriktsprogram - Sørlandssendinga.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2022). Information sharing for Common Situational Understanding: Results from the Norwegian INSITU project .
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2022). Ny teknologi bidrar til et tryggere samfunn. Fædrelandsvennen. ISSN 0805-3790.
• Rustenberg, Kjetil & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2022). Et godt samvirke kan kreve at vi må ha tillit til dem vi ikke kjenner. Ambulanseforum. ISSN 0800-6423. Vis sammendrag

  Det er mye som peker mot at fysisk samlokalisering av 110, 112 og 113, 11X- sentralene bygger tillit mellom etatene som er samlokaliserte. Men et samvirke ved større hendelser består ofte av flere aktører enn 11X. Hvordan kan vi skape og ivareta tillit mellom 11X og andre aktører slik at vi oppnår et best mulig samvirke?

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Rustenberg, Kjetil & Steen-Tveit, Kristine (2021). Adoption and use of standard operating procedures for emergency response. Vis sammendrag

  Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are important as a basis for effective emergency response. These procedures specify roles, tasks, and steps to be taken during different stages of an incident. The different first responder agencies and other organisations involved in emergency response have SOPs specifying their operations and communication protocols, both for internal operations and for joint operations involving collaboration between several organisations. These procedures exist in different forms and formats, involving varying degrees of computer support. While the SOPs are part of the training of first responders, experience from real events as well as exercises show that the use of the SOPs are often varying and somewhat inconsistent even within the same organisation. The procedures are also typically underspecified regarding from where relevant information should be collected, how this information can be accessed, and whether this information should be shared with other responders. Also, first responders argue that the format of the SOPs often is not perceived as effective for supporting their operations in time critical situations, in terms of level of detail, accessibility and presentation clarity. Experienced emergency dispatchers in command and control centres report how following rigid communication procedures sometimes is considered to be non-conducive for an efficient dialogue with the caller. Also, procedures for efficient combination of various data sources to gain optimal value from these while also avoiding information overload, are also often missing in these command and control centres. The presentation is based on findings from the INSITU project funded by the Research Council of Norway, investigating current practices for information sharing among organisations involved in emergency preparedness and response in Norway. From workshops, interviews and observation in exercises, we analyse existing use of SOPs and possible improvements of these. In a recent digital tabletop exercise using a multiple forest fire scenario, we collected data on how situational reports and common operational pictures were shared from the local incident command and fire services to the affected municipalities and county, to providers of critical infrastructure (energy grid, telecommunications, road administration), and to the national level of emergency management. The findings show how efficient SOPs for situational reports and information sharing are either missing or have limitations negatively affecting the support from these procedures. We discuss factors influencing the adoption and use of SOPs among emergency stakeholders, and present recommendations for developing and implementing procedures that can effectively support emergency operations through consistent and widespread use.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2021). Forskningsaktivitet ved Senter for integrert krisehåndtering (CIEM).
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2021). INSITU-prosjektet: Informasjonsdeling for felles situasjonsforståelse.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2021). INSITU-prosjektet: informasjonsdeling for felles situasjonsforståelse.
• Bui, Nam; Merschbrock, Christoph; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Hjelseth, Eilif (2019). Role of an innovation community in supporting BIM deployment: the case of buildingSMART Norway.
• Goodwin, Morten; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2019). Teknologi og bærekraft.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2019). Beredskap og krisehåndtering i transportsektoren.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2018). Technology-supported emergency management: opportunities and challenges.
• Snaprud, Mikael; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Radianti, Jaziar (2018). A novel approach to harmonize terminologies.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2018). Bruk av teknologi i krisehåndtering – aktuelle prosjekter ved Senter for integrert krisehåndtering (CIEM), Universitetet i Agder.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2017). Presentasjon av CIEM og oversikt over pågående prosjekter .
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2017). Hvordan kan ny teknologi omdefinere praksis for krisehåndtering?
• Snaprud, Mikael; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Radianti, Jaziar (2017). Terminologi som redder liv.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2016). Kvalitativ forskning vs. fortolkende forskning – et forsøk på klargjøring av noen misforståelser.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2016). Centre for Integrated Emergency Management (CIEM) - Developing new solutions with practice.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2016). UiA deltar på kriseøvelse. [Radio]. NRK Sørlandet.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Lazreg, Mehdi Ben; Sarshar, Parvaneh & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2015). SmartRescue and SmartEMIS – Introducing CIEM.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2015). Videre satsinger i CIEM.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Meum, Torbjørg (2014). Analyse av sosiale medier i krisesituasjoner.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2014). Challenges to digital collaboration: past and present experiences.
• Merschbrock, Christoph & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2014). Hvordan kan trebasert byggindustri øke utnyttelsen av BIM? Treteknisk Informasjon. ISSN 1504-5900. s. 10–11.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2012). Muligheter og utfordringer ved e-samarbeid.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2012). Forskningsprosjektet SmartEMIS - effektiv kommunikasjon i krisesituasjoner.
• Gonzalez, Jose J; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2012). Paradigmeskifte for krisehåndtering. Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372. s. 3–3.
• Webersik, Christian; Gonzalez, Jose J; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Dugdale, Julie; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer & Li, Frank Yong (2012). The Role of ICT in Crisis Preparedness, Response and Recovery.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2012). Mobilitet og erfaringer med rekruttering av nordamerikanske studenter.
• Arora, Vipin; Khazanchi, Deepak; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Owens, Dawn; Stendal, Karen & Tarrell, Alvin [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Discontinuities and Best Practices in Virtual Research Collaboration. Vis sammendrag

  Research collaboration has become increasingly global, as collaboration technologies continue to advance and as research problems become more interdisciplinary and global. Virtual research teams have processes and challenges that are unique from a typical virtual team, and we need a better understanding of how such teams can utilize virtual research environments to their advantage. We examine this question from a review of the relevant literature and an analysis of experiences and reflections from a doctoral seminar that studied and experienced the process of virtual research collaboration.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2012). Prosjekter ved Institutt for informasjonssystemer, UiA.
• Gonzalez, Jose J; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Li, Frank Yong & Dugdale, Julie (2012). Multidisciplinary Challenges in an Integrated Emergency Management Approach. Vis sammendrag

  The University of Agder, Norway, has recently founded a Centre for Integrated Emergency Management (CIEM). The centre brings together a highly multi-disciplinary group of local and international researchers in technology and the social sciences. This paper presents an interdisciplinary vision for large-scale integrated emergency management that has been inspired by the transition from platform centric to Integrated Operations in the oil and gas fields, which uses remote emergency control centers collaborating virtually with local responders. The paper discusses some of the most salient research challenges for Integrated Emergency Management.

• Snaprud, Mikael & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2022). Lessons learned from terminology harmonisation. Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 978-82-8427-098-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  A common understanding of language and the meaning of concepts is needed for communications in general, and can be crucial to save lives in large rescue operations. Redningshåndboka (the National Rescue handbook) provides a common glossary for first responders’ communications across all sectors in training and practice. However, today each sector maintains their own glossaries, acronyms and jargon, causing potential misunderstandings in joint operations. In this report we outline lessons learned from national and international standardisation and additional practical project outcomes to contribute to terminology harmonisation from the INSITU project.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Gjøsæter, Terje; Hagen, Dag Auby; Opach, Tomasz; Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth & Radianti, Jaziar [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Evaluering av INSITU skogbrannøvelse. Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 978-82-8427-050-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Snaprud, Mikael; Haldorsen, Tommy & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2020). Project report: Methodology for terminology harmonisation . Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 978-82-8427-012-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  A common understanding of language and concepts used is essential for any meaningful communication. For large rescue operations effective communication is crucial to save lives. Such operations can require cooperation among first responders from several sectors with a different understanding of terms and concepts. Redningshåndboka (the National Rescue handbook) provides a common glossary for use across all sectors for their communications in training and practice. However, today each sector maintains their own glossaries, acronyms and jargon, causing potential misunderstandings in joint operations. In this report we propose a way to apply the Norwegian Public Management Standard from the Norwegian Digitalisation Agency for concept harmonisation or concept differentiation, to existing glossaries in crisis management. We also propose supporting actions for harmonisation and introduce aspects of oral and written communication related to similarities of sounds and meaning.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Opach, Tomasz; Radianti, Jaziar; Rød, Jan Ketil; Snaprud, Mikael & Grottenberg, Lars Ole [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Project report: Requirements specification. Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 978-82-7117-981-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The SAMRISK project “Sharing incident and threat information for common situational understanding“ (INSITU) commenced in May 2019. The INSITU project develops solutions for establishing a common situational understanding in complex operations requiring collaboration between several agencies. This involves systematic analysis of existing information sources and defining the information elements that are critical to share in different phases of a crisis situation. In addition, the project will develop procedures and related tool support for efficient collection and integration of information. As part of this work, the project contributes to harmonisation of terminology across agencies to secure effective communication. A map-based interface for display of information from different digital map resources will be developed, as a basis for a common operational picture (COP). This solution will also support evaluation and learning from incidents and emergency exercises. Based on a review of related research, the report briefly summarises the state of the art for the areas focused in the project. Through interviews and discussions with emergency stakeholders, field observation during an exercise, and field visits at operations centres, current practice for information sharing and establishing a COP is analysed. Based on the expressed needs from the emergency stakeholders and our analysis of current practice, the report specifies a set of requirements for information sharing, harmonisation of terminology, use of common map resources, and technology support for evaluation and learning from incidents.

• Hausvik, Geir Inge; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Thapa, Devinder (2019). Information Quality in Secondary Use of EHR Data. Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 978-82-7117-945-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sindre, Guttorm; Fog, Jørgen; Kaasbøll, Jens Johan; Netteland, Grete; Opdahl, Andreas Lothe & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). NOKOBIT - Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi, Proceedings fra NOKOBIT 2015, Ålesund, 24.-25. november 2015. Bibsys OJS. ISSN 1892-0748. 23(1).
• Merschbrock, Christoph & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2014). Digital Collaboration in the Wood-based Construction Industry: Deployment of Building Information Modeling. Printing Office University of Agder. ISSN 978-82-7117-763-8.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin