Nils-Erik Anders Bomark

• Lien, Anne; Palmer, Helen; Larsen, Jorunn; Svendsen, Monica Lian; Bomark, Nils-Erik & Krakstad, Beate Fast [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2026). Building a Scientific Skill Set: A Design-Based Research Approach to Developing a Tool for Science Education and Beyond | Journal of the International Society for Teacher Education. Journal of the International Society for Teacher Education. ISSN 1029-5968. 30(1), p. 5–22. doi: 10.26522/jiste.v30i1.5268. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Life skills like problem-solving, communication, collaboration, and creative and critical thinking are closely tied to scientific practices in science education. However, there is ongoing debate about how to define and operationalize scientific practices for implementation in schools and teacher education. In Norway, these practices are a core element of the science curriculum, but their definition remains vague. To address this, we used a design-based research approach to develop a skills-based tool for teaching and learning scientific practices in schools and teacher education. The tool highlights twelve interrelated skills that support students’ engagement in scientific practices and their reflection on scientific processes. We describe the process of designing and developing the teaching tool, our design analysis of why and how the tool evolved, and three design principles to inform the development of a skills-based teaching tool to practice science. These principles highlight three critical features of the tool: it is dynamic and flexible, initiates active learning, and provides support for teachers.

• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2021). How can the nucleus be lighter than its constituents? European Journal of Physics. ISSN 0143-0807. doi: 10.1088/1361-6404/abdb9e. Full text in Research Archive
• Saure, Heidi Iren; Bomark, Nils-Erik & Svendsen, Monica Lian (2021). Modeller i kjemiundervisning- et eksempel på hvordan de kan bidra til læring og feillæring. Nordic Studies in Science Education (NorDiNa). ISSN 1504-4556. 17(2), p. 181–205. doi: 10.5617/nordina.8363. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2017). Teaching particle physics to high school teachers. Proceedings of Science (PoS). 314(819). doi: 10.22323/1.314.0819. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik; Aggleton, Robin; Moretti, Stefano; Shepherd, Claire & Barducci, Daniele (2017). Status and discovery prospects for light pseudoscalars in the NMSSM. Proceedings of Science (PoS). 314(262). doi: 10.22323/1.314.0262. Full text in Research Archive
• Aggleton, Robin; Barducci, Daniele; Bomark, Nils-Erik; Moretti, Stefano & Shepherd-Themistocleous, Claire (2017). Review of LHC experimental results on low mass bosons in multi Higgs models. Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). ISSN 1126-6708. 2017(35). doi: 10.1007/JHEP02(2017)035. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A variety of searches have been performed at the LHC using Run I data, looking for decays of the discovered Higgs boson, h 125, decaying to a pair of low mass bosons, with mass in the range 2mμ−mh125/2≃62 GeV. We summarise the most pertinent ones, and look at how their limits affect a variety of supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric models which can give rise to such light bosons: the 2HDM (Types I and II), the NMSSM, and the nMSSM.

• Barducci, D.; Aggleton, R.; Bomark, Nils-Erik; Moretti, S. & Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. (2016). Review of higgs-to-light-higgs searches at the LHC. arXiv. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.1703.08029. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik; Moretti, S & Roszkowski, L (2016). Detection prospects of light NMSSM Higgs pseudoscalar via cascades of heavier scalars from vector boson fusion and Higgs-strahlung. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. ISSN 0954-3899. 43(10). doi: 10.1088/0954-3899/43/10/105003. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik; Moretti, Stefano; Roszkowski, Leszek & Munir, Shoaib (2015). LHC phenomenology of light pseudoscalars in the NMSSM. Proceedings of Science (PoS). 22-29-July-2015:162. doi: 10.22323/1.234.0162. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik; Kvellestad, Anders; Lola, Smaragda; Osland, Per & Raklev, Are (2014). R-parity violating chargino decays at the LHC. Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). ISSN 1126-6708. 2014(12). doi: 10.1007/JHEP12(2014)121. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Supersymmetric models with R-parity violation (RPV) have become more popular following the lack of any excess of missing energy events at the 8 TeV LHC. To identify such models, the suggested searches generally rely on the decay products of the (effectively) lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), with signals that depend on the identity of the LSP and the relevant RPV operators. Here we look at the prospects for detecting RPV chargino decays at the LHC and find substantial patches of parameter space in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with possibly spectacular signatures, such as three charged-lepton resonances.

• Bomark, Nils-Erik; Kvellestad, Anders; Lola, Smaragda; Osland, Per & Raklev, Are (2014). Long lived charginos in Natural SUSY? Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). ISSN 1126-6708. 2014(5:7). doi: 10.1007/JHEP05(2014)007. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Supersymmetric models with a small chargino-neutralino mass difference, and as a result metastable charginos, have been a popular topic of investigation in collider phenomenology. The possibility of a chargino lighter than the lightest neutralino has also been raised. Recently, the absence of any supersymmetric signal in the 8TeV LHC data has led to significant interest in the so-called Natural SUSY models with light higgsinos. These models also have a naturally small chargino-neutralino mass difference. However, we show here that when relevant indirect constraints from results at the LHC and elsewhere are applied, this possibility is heavily constrained within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM): massive metastable higgsinos are not a signature of Natural SUSY.

• Bomark, Nils-Erik; Choudhury, Debajyoti; Lola, Smaragda & Osland, Per (2011). Flavour structure of R-violating neutralino decays at the LHC. Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). ISSN 1126-6708. 7(7). doi: 10.1007/JHEP07(2011)070. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We study signatures of R-parity violation in the production of supersymmetric particles at the LHC, and the subsequent decay of the lightest neutralino being the end product of a supersymmetric cascade decay. In doing so, we pay particular attention to the possible flavour structure of the operators, and how one may discriminate between different possibilities. A neutralino LSP would couple to all quarks and leptons and a comparative study of its decays provides an optimal channel for the simultaneous study of all 45 R-violating operators. By studying the expected signals from all these operators, we demonstrate the ability to understand whether more than one coupling dominates, and to map the experimental signatures to operator hierarchies that can then be compared against theoretical models of flavour. Detailed comparisons with backgrounds, including those from MSSM cascade decays are made, using the PYTHIA event simulator.

• Bomark, Nils-Erik; Lola, Smaragda; Osland, Per & Raklev, Are Reinert (2010). Photon, neutrino and charged particle spectra from R-violating gravitino decays. Physics Letters B. ISSN 0370-2693. 686(2-3), p. 152–161. doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.02.050. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We study photonic, neutrino and charged particle signatures from slow decays of gravitino dark matter in supersymmetric theories where R-parity is explicitly broken by trilinear operators. Photons and (anti-)fermions from loop and tree-level processes give rise to spectra with distinct features, which, if observed, can give crucial input on the possible mass of the gravitino and the magnitude and flavour structure of R-violating operators. Within this framework, we make detailed comparisons of the theoretical predictions to the recent experimental data from PAMELA, ATIC and Fermi LAT.

• Raklev, Are; Osland, Per; Bomark, Nils-Erik & Lola, Smaragda (2009). Cosmic Ray Signatures from Decaying Gravitino Dark Matter. Proceedings of Science (PoS). E, p. 98–98. doi: 10.22323/1.084.0098. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We study the charged cosmic rays arising from the slow decay of gravitino dark matter within supersymmetric scenarios with trilinear R-parity violation. It is shown that operators of the LLE type can very well account for the recent anomalies in cosmic ray electron and positron data reported by PAMELA, ATIC and Fermi LAT, without violating any other bounds. This scenario will soon be tested by the Fermi LAT data on diffuse gamma ray emission.

• Bomark, Nils-Erik; Lola, Smaragda; Osland, Per & Raklev, Are Reinert (2009). Gravitino dark matter and the flavour structure of R-violating operators. Physics Letters B. ISSN 0370-2693. 677(1-2), p. 62–70. doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2009.05.011. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We study gravitino dark matter and slow gravitino decays within the framework of R-violating supersymmetry, with particular emphasis on the flavour dependence of the branching ratios and the allowed R-violating couplings. The dominant decay modes and final state products turn out to be very sensitive to the R-violating hierarchies. Mixing effects can be crucial in correctly deriving the relative magnitude of the various contributions, particularly for heavy flavours with phase space suppression. The study of the strength of different decay rates for the gravitino is also correlated to collider signatures expected from decays of the Next-to-Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (NLSP) and to single superparticle production.

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• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2025). Interstellar. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2025). Universets oppbygning. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2024). Kvanteobjekter, hverken partikler eller bølger. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2024). Virtual particles. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2024). Atomets historie, fra klinkekuler til matematiske abstraksjoner. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2024). Hvordan oppfører seg lys? Fra Fysikkens Verden. ISSN 0015-9247. 1. Full text in Research Archive
• Tranberg, Anders; Dongen, Jeroen van & Bomark, Nils-Erik (2024). Wonderful World: Lone Genius or Community Effort (moderator). Full text in Research Archive
• Tranberg, Anders; Bomark, Nils-Erik & Dongen, Jeroen van (2024). Wonderful World: History of Concepts in Quantum Mechanics (moderator). Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik & Renstrøm, Reidun (2023). The Ultraviolet Myth. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2023). Hvordan har vi funnet ut hvordan universet blitt til? Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik & Renstrøm, Reidun (2023). The ultraviolet myth. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2023). Kjernekraft. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2023). Kvanteobjekter. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik & Svendsen, Monica Lian (2022). Modeller i kemiundervisningen. Kemilärarnas informationsbrev. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2022). Hvordan har vi funnet ut hvordan universet er? Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik & Renstrøm, Reidun (2022). Myths in physics textbooks. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2022). Sammenfiltring. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2022). Hvordan har vi funnet ut hvordan universet blitt til? Full text in Research Archive
• Saure, Heidi Iren; Bomark, Nils-Erik & Svendsen, Monica Lian (2022). Modeller i kemiundervisningen. Kemilärarnas informationsbrev. 1, p. 6–7. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2020). Sorte hull. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2020). How can the nucleus be lighter than its constituents? Full text in Research Archive
• Renstrøm, Reidun & Bomark, Nils-Erik (2020). Solformørkelsen som gjorde Einstein til en verdensstjerne. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2019). Hva betyr det å måle noe? Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2019). Villedende modeller i kjemi. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2019). Den forunderlige kvantemekanikken. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2019). Astroparticle physics. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2019). Villedende modeller i kjemi. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2019). Er det noe galt med våre kosmologiske modeller? Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2019). THE PARTICLE-WAVE DUALITY AND OTHER MYTHS IN THE DIDACTICS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2019). Kan man forstå sammenfiltring uten superposisjon? Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2019). Can 1st year bachelor students understand gauge theory and the role of the Higgs? Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2019). Superposisjon og sammenfiltrede fotoner. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2019). Hvordan alt begynte. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2018). Mørk materie. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2018). Astropartikkelfysikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2018). Sammenfiltring. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2018). Superposisjon og sammenfiltring. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2018). Mørk materie. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2018). Teaching particle physics to teacher students. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2018). What is a particle? Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2018). Hva er en partikkel? Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2018). How to understand virtual particles? Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik; Moretti, Stefano; Barducci, Daniele; Shepherd, Claire & Aggleton, Robin (2017). Status and discovery prospects for light pseudoscalars in the NMSSM. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2017). Teaching particle physics to high school teachers. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik; Aggleton, Robin; Moretti, Stefano; Shepherd, Claire & Barducci, Daniele (2017). Status and discovery prospects for light pseudoscalars in the NMSSM. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2017). Dark matter. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2017). “Did God have a choice when creating the universe?”. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2016). Phenomenology of R-parity violating supersymmetry. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2016). Oppdage kolliderende sorte hull med gravitasjonsbølger. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2015). Neutrino oscillations — the reason we exists? Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2013). We have the Higgs, so why keep the LHC? Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2013). Higgs, LHC and the end of the world. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2012). If the neutralino is not dark matter, can it be heavier than the chargino? Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2011). Supersymmetry with trilinear R-Parity Violation -implications for Cosmology and LHC. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2011). Decaying Gravitino Dark Matter. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2011). Supersymmetry with trilinear R-Parity Violation -implications for Cosmology and LHC. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2011). Supersymmetry with trilinear R-Parity Violation -implications for Cosmology and LHC. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2011). Supersymmetry with trilinear R-Parity Violation -implications for Cosmology and LHC. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2011). Supersymmetry with Trlinear R-Parity Violation at the LHC. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2010). Invariant Mass Distributions from Decaying Neutralinos. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2010). Cosmic Ray Constraints on Decaying Gravitino Dark Matter. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2010). Supersymmetry with Trilinear R-Parity Violation at the LHC. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2010). Er m{\o}rk materie n{\aa} identifisert? Fra Fysikkens Verden. ISSN 0015-9247. 2, p. 40–44. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2009). Cosmic Ray Signatures from Decaying Dark Matter. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2009). R-Parity Violating SUSY. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2009). R-violating gravitinos: Cosmological implications and LHC phenomenology. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik (2008). Supersymmetry with trilinear R-parity violation couplings. Full text in Research Archive
• Bergan, Ingvild; Andreasen, Johan Kristian; Korslund, Lars; Bomark, Nils-Erik; Solgaard, Geir & Elnan, Merete (2018). Rapport – STIL-prosjektet ProDiG Universitetet i Agder. 7Letras. Full text in Research Archive
• Bomark, Nils-Erik; Osland, Per; Lipniacka, Anna & Lola, Smaragda (2011). Supersymmetry with Trilinear R-Parity Violation – Implications for Cosmology and the LHC. Universitetet i Bergen. ISSN 9788230819227. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The current Standard Model of particle physics is sometimes referred to as one of the most successful theories ever constructed. When looking at the precision with which its predictions are being confirmed, it is easy to agree. Yet no theoretical particle physicist is content with the state of affairs. Some of the reasons for the dissatisfaction is the non-observation of the Higgs boson, a vital part of the Standard Model, as well as the theoretical problems associated with it. Most obvious, though, is the fact that most of the matter density of the universe comes in a form that cannot be associated with any part of the Standard Model. The nature of this dark matter is one of the most discussed questions in the field. Many of the speculations beyond the Standard Model are going in the direction of supersymmetry, a symmetry that mixes internal symmetries with spacetime symmetries in a non-trivial way and in the process introduces a symmetry between fermions and bosons. Due to problems with too fast proton decay and possible presence of other exotic processes, one usually assumes that R-parity is conserved when studying supersymmetric models. This, however, is not necessary and the inclusion of R-parity violating couplings have interesting implications for the phenomenology both within cosmology and LHC physics. If R-parity is violated, one has to abandon the neutralino as the dark matter candidate, but there is a perfectly valid alternative in the gravitino. Gravitino dark matter that (very slowly) decays, might be a source of measurable cosmic rays. In fact, the recent anomalies in cosmic ray positrons and electrons, seen by PAMELA and Fermi LAT, can be well described by decay products from gravitino dark matter. Unfortunately, the corresponding gamma ray signal was not seen by the Fermi LAT telescope and although this does not exclude gravitinos as the source of the cosmic ray anomalies, it makes it less likely to be the correct answer. It is also worth noticing that the gravitational nature of the gravitino interactions suppresses the decay rate enough to, in some cases, allow R-parity violating couplings in the neighborhood of the experimental limits, without coming in conflict with cosmic ray measurements. This, however, requires a light (GeV scale) gravitino and a coupling that does not allow a loop decay. For LHC physics, the implications from violating R-parity can be paramount. However, the most likely scenario might still be pair production of squarks and gluinos, followed by a cascade decay down to the neutralino. If the R-parity violating couplings are large enough, the neutralino will then decay to three Standard Model particles. This gives rise to multi-jet and/or multi-lepton finals states. This is in general promising for detection since the detection of especially leptons is much easier than measuring missing transverse energy as is required in R-parity conserving supersymmetric models. The large number of invariant mass distributions are also very useful in determining the couplings and measure the neutralino mass. All relevant invariant mass distributions can be calculated theoretically, at least to a good approximation, and then compared to data. For trilinear R-parity violating couplings, it is shown that, due to our good knowledge of the expected invariant mass distributions, it is clearly possible to identify most couplings responsible for the decay of the neutralinos. Some problematic cases remain due to combinatorial jet background, the presence (and associated information-loss to neutrinos) of taus in the final state as well as phase-space suppression of channels with top quarks.

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