Michael Schulte

• Schulte, Michael (2026). Resolution and anacrusis in Ancient Nordic: A re-evaluation of runic metrics . In Gvozdanović, Jadranka (Eds.), Historical Linguistics 2023: Selected papers from the 26th International Conference on Historical Linguistics. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISSN 9789027243232. p. 366–385. doi: https:/benjamins.com/catalog/cilt.371.15sch. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This chapter explores a “problem of detail” in the metrical inscriptions of the older runic corpus. It re-evaluates resolution in alliterative lifts (notation in metrical phonology: Light+Light = Heavy, e.g. Hlewa- on the Gallehus horn) which occurs in conjunction with the alleged phenomenon of anacrusis, i.e. an optional initial drop (ek). The basic position of this chapter is that resolution in North-West Germanic metrics was an automatic, phonologically driven process, and hence a consequence of the phonological structure of the language. What has generally been regarded as anacrusis in the Gallehus inscription, and other similar structures, compensates for the resolved structure (Hlewa-) and forms part of the metrical schema. Most importantly, Old Norse verse supports this claim, e.g. Vǫlospá 3.3–4 vara sandr né sær || né svalar unnir.

• Schulte, Michael (2026). Peircean semiotics, magic and the runes: A new approach to the elder-futhark inscriptions. NOWELE. North-Western European Language Evolution. ISSN 0108-8416. 79(1), p. 75–91. doi: 10.1075/nowele.00106.sch. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This review article evaluates Scott Shell’s (2023) innovative use of Peircean semiotics to analyse a selection of elder fuþark inscriptions in the context of magical communication. While the critique praises the inclusion of the Old Norwegian, Old Icelandic and Old English rune poems as source material, it notes that Shell’s semiotic analysis relies on contested or outdated interpretations, sometimes leading to neat circles. The critique emphasizes that the magic of runes lies more in the act of writing than in the spoken word and the verbatim performance of formulas and inscriptions.

• Schulte, Michael (2026). Northwest Germanic anew. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache und Literatur. ISSN 0005-8076. 148(2), p. 173–213. doi: 10.1515/bgsl-2026-0011. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The paper emphasizes the need to combining chronology and diatopic variation to establish a valid periodization of Northwest Germanic. Drawing on different types of evidence – reconstruction, loanwords in Fenno-Ugric and not least runic data (such as the older runic inscriptions, plus Anglo-Frisian and South Germanic runic evidence) – I argue that the NWGmc. continuum predates the earliest runic traditions which start in the 1 st or 2 nd  century AD. This dating is in stark contrast to the standard view in Germanic philology as expressed by Marold and Zimmermann (1995) and Fulk (2018, p. 16).

• Schulte, Michael (2025). Nochmals zur Metrizität der älteren Runeninschriften. In Laker, Stephen; Falluomini, Carla; Krogh, Steffen; Nedoma, Robert & Schulte, Michael (Ed.), Germanic Interrelations: Studies in Memory of Hans Frede Nielsen. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISSN 9789027244888. p. 312–345. doi: https:/benjamins.com/catalog/nss.34.18sch. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Der Autor präsentiert einen minimalistischen Ansatz zur frühen Runenmetrik, indem er zunächst die Position des Advocatus Diaboli vertritt. Das bedeutet, dass metrische Kriterien der älteren Runeninschriften für sich sprechen sollten, ohne direkt oder indirekt von späteren Sprachstufen und ihren ausgearbeiteten metrischen Systemen abgeleitet oder mit ihnen gleichgesetzt zu werden. Das Leitmotiv dieser Analyse ist die Interaktion des Alliterationsverses mit der Sprache und dem Satzrhythmus.

• Schulte, Michael (2024). Nochmals zum Runenwort urnordisch rūnō: Ein Beitrag zur Periodisierung des Urnordischen. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache und Literatur. ISSN 0005-8076. 146(2), p. 237–258. doi: 10.1515/bgsl-2024-2001. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The discovery of a stone fragment from Svingerud/Hole in Norway, whose inscription is dated between 1/25 and 250 CE, attests to the early use of rūnō (cf. Zilmer/Vasshus 2023) as opposed to rūnōʀ. The plural rūnōʀ (ON rúnar) is attested on runestones of the Classical and Postclassical runic periods including C-bracteates. The paper aims to clarify whether rūnō is to be understood soberly with Morris (1985) and Antonsen (1980) as a term of everyday language ›message, inscription‹ to be distinguished from Goth. rūna ›mystery, secret, counsel‹, or rather as a term for ›secret, orally presented knowledge‹, before being linked up to the fuþark and writing in runes in the due course of its history.

• Schulte, Michael (2024). Nye runefunn og nye muligheter? Nyfunn fra Svingerud og den eldste nordiske språkhistorien. Saga och sed: Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademiens årsbok. ISSN 0586-5360. p. 157–178. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2024). Stationen der frühen nordgermanischen Sprachgeschichte: Zu einer neuen Periodisierung des Urnordischen. NOWELE. North-Western European Language Evolution. ISSN 0108-8416. 77(1), p. 49–80. doi: 10.1075/nowele.00084.sch. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  (Abstract - English) The article presents a new periodization of the language of the older runic inscriptions (until 750 AD) by dividing the whole period into four subperiods instead of two (i.e. in contrast to Krause`s dichotomy of Früh-urnordisch and Späturnordisch). The study focuses on the earliest layers of runic inscriptions in older fuþark, namely the pre-classical and classical group prior to 400/450 AD. The new runic finds from Svingerud in Norway reinforce the notion of an archaic, pre-classical runic layer, starting already c. 1/50 AD. In order to distinguish a pre-classical Nordic period, the nominative singular masculine of the weak n-stems is viewed as a decisive criterion, in particular the masculine nouns in long -o. In addition, the article presents a valid diagnostic criterion to distinguish between ‘post-classical’ and ‘transitional’ inscriptions, viz. the phoneme-grapheme-correspondences of the starlike rune. The result of this approach is a quadripartite division of the older-fuþark inscriptions that bridges that span between late Northwest Germanic and early Old Norse.

• Schulte, Michael (2024). "Rakkestad (philologisch)". Germanische Altertumskunde Online, edited by Sebastian Brather, Wilhelm Heizmann and Steffen Patzold. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, 2024. https://www.degruyter.com/database/GAO/entry/GAO_134/html. Germanische Altertumskunde Online. Utg. av Sebastian Brather mfl. Berlin: Walter de GruyterWalter de Gruyter 2019 ISBN 978-3-11-021953-1. ISSN 2193-2778. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2024). Neues zur Runenkunde. NOWELE. North-Western European Language Evolution. ISSN 0108-8416. 77(2), p. 195–207. doi: 10.1075/nowele.00090.sch. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). Toward a Typology of Runic Formulas, with a Focus on the One-Word Formula in the Older Runic Inscriptions. In Sävborg, Daniel & Thorvaldsen, Bernt Ø (Ed.), New Light on Formulas in Oral Poetry and Prose. Brepols. ISSN 9782503604282. p. 191–225. doi: 10.1484/M.USML-EB.5.133553. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). Der Rökstein im ökokritischen Trend. NOWELE. North-Western European Language Evolution. ISSN 0108-8416. 76(1), p. 100–111. doi: 10.1075/nowele.00075.sch. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). Geschwind wie der IrilaR. Zum Neufund des Rakkestadsteines aus Ostnorwegen und zu den ek IrilaR-Inschriften. In Heizmann, Wilhelm & Nahl, Jan Alexander van (Ed.), Germanisches Altertum und Europäisches Mittelalter : Gedenkband für Heinrich Beck. De Gruyter Brill. ISSN 9783110778267. p. 211–235. doi: 10.1515/9783110778335-021. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). Between the Pagan Past and the Christian Future Ragnarǫk features on the memorials of Ledberg, Tullstorp and Skarpåker, Från Island till Sverige och tillbaka. Festskrift till Veturliði G. Óskarsson på 65-årsdagen.. Uppsala universitet. ISSN 9789150629965. p. 157–173. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  There are good grounds on which to assume that the on-going Christianization of pre-modern Nordic society in Iceland and mainland Scandinavia had different consequences and side-effects. Not least it entailed a re-evaluation of pre-Christian values and the “old lore” or forneskja. One rather direct reflection of the on-going modernization process was the frequently deployed motif of the “haunting” revenant in the Sagas of Icelanders. Hennig (forthc.) argues that one of the major tasks of this motif in the overall narrative was to visualize threats, hardships, and possibly also drawbacks in an ever modernizing “risk society”. Another different manifestation of this major shift was the recourse to Ragnarǫk as an effective means of heroic praise particularly in the 11th century. Under this focus, Ragnarǫk iconography on the runestones of Ledberg and Tullstorp as well as the use of the earth/upper heaven formula on the Skarpåker stone may have served as tokens of cultural memory in a modernizing society.

• Hennig, Reinhard; Lethbridge, Emily & Schulte, Michael (2023). Combining Ecocriticism and Old Norse Studies: Opportunities and Challenges. In Hennig, Reinhard; Lethbridge, Emily & Schulte, Michael (Ed.), Ecocriticism and Old Norse Studies. Nature and the Environment in Old Norse Literature and Culture. Brepols. ISSN 9782503604848. p. 11–36. doi: 10.1484/M.NAW-EB.5.134093. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). Runica metrica. Die metrische Gestalt der älteren Runeninschriften und ihre Grundeinheit der Proto-Langzeile. Filologia Germanica – Germanic Philology. ISSN 2036-8992. 15, p. 223–248. doi: 10.14672/fg.v15i.2431. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article on early runic metrics takes a minimalist standpoint by first taking the position of the Advocatus Diaboli. This means that metrical criteria of the older runic inscriptions until c. AD 500 should speak for themselves without being directly derived from or equated with later language stages with their elaborated metrical systems. In other words, the present approach attempts to avoid constrictions and direct comparisons with the Old Germanic literary languages, especially Old Norse, Old English and Old High German. This is so because the language typology of Ancient Nordic cannot directly be equated with Old Norse or Old English in terms of syllabic metrics. Sievers’ typology (Sievers 1893) is also rejected here as a straightforward tool for analysis, since it is oriented towards the Old Germanic literary languages. This raises the basic question of scientifically verifiable regularities of early runic metrics that meet criteria of validity and reliability. The leitmotif of the following analysis is the fusion and interaction of language, sentence rhythm and alliterative metrics. Not entirely unexpectedly, the Germanic long line, or more precisely the proto-long line, emerges as the basic unit of Ancient Nordic metrics, since it can be relatively reliably verified in a small group of older runic inscriptions.

• Schulte, Michael (2023). Bauprinzipen runischer Formeln Zur Lexis und Morphosyntax urnordischer Formeln. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache und Literatur. ISSN 0005-8076. 145(1), p. 1–34. doi: 10.1515/bgsl-2023-0001. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). From pagan charms to pious prayers? A case study of two runic formulas. Maal og Minne. ISSN 0024-855X. 114(1), p. 85–121. doi: 10.52145/mom.v114i1.2085. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Emnet for dette bidraget er to runeformler fra ulike tidsepoker. De er strukturelt nokså likt gjennomført ved enderim og “[v]ekslende initialer med faste repetisjoner” (Nordby 2018: 109). Den ene er den velkjente þistill-mistill-kistill-formelen, som først opptrer på den danske Gørlevsteinen rundt 800–850 e.Kr., den andre er den yngre horn-þorn-korn-formelen, som er ristet inn i kalkpuss i to gotlandske kirker og på en blyamulett fra Kællingeby. Denne type formler kobles gjerne til en opplæringskontekst, særlig horn-þorn-korn. Artikkelen argumenterer for en symbiose mellom hedenske og kristne allegorier som kommer til syne i ulike kontekster. Det argumenteres for en interaksjon mellom folkemagi og kristne bønner som tar i bruk både hedenske og kristne virkemidler. Den prototypiske vernefunksjonen av de to formlene kommer tydelig fram på amulettinnskrifter fra middelalderen, jf. þistill-mistill-kistill-formelen på Vedslet-sandsteinamuletten (DR 57) og horn-þorn-korn-formelen på Kællingeby-blyamuletten (DK Bh 20).

• Schulte, Michael & Nedrelid, Gudlaug (2021). Hǿlibǫrvar på Grønland. Bidrag til tolkning av en runepinne fra Austerbygda på Grønland. In Jahr, Ernst Håkon & Rambø, Gro-Renée (Ed.), Norsk språk i rom og tid. Novus Forlag. ISSN 9788283900682. p. 9–28. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2021). The thistle-mistle formula of Buslubæn and versatility in runes. In Bauer, Alessia & Waxenberger, Gaby (Ed.), Wege zur Konfiguration der Zeichen-Ponem-Beziehung ( LautSchriftSprache / Scriptand Sound 3). Reichert Verlag. ISSN 9783954905362. p. 223–236. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2021). Magie in den älteren und jüngeren Runeninschriften? – Zum Status magischer Konzepte in der Runologie. Filologia Germanica – Germanic Philology. ISSN 2036-8992. 13, p. 307–327. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2020). On the History of the Dotted Runes and the Connexion to the British Isles. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache und Literatur. ISSN 0005-8076. 142(1), p. 1–22. doi: 10.1515/bgsl-2020-0001. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract: Der Beitrag untermauert die mehrfach (vor allem von Hagland/Page 1998) geäußerte Vermutung, dass die punktierten Runen zu diakritischen Zwecken auf den Britischen Inseln entstanden sind, und zwar an Orten, wo die englische, skandinavische und keltische Bevölkerung in engem Kontakt miteinander stand. Auch der lateinische Einfluss auf Manuskriptrunen wird ausführlich diskutiert. Ein Zentrum dieser multikulturellen Mischgesellschaft war die Insel Man. Bei ihren Schreibern steht zu vermuten, dass sie außer den skandinavischen und englischen Runen vor allem die Ogam-Schrift kannten, in der Punkte ebenso wie Kerben eine konstitutive und nicht nur diakritische Rolle spielen. Dies könnte die Schreiber zur Punktierung von Runen angeregt haben. Die für diese These wichtigste Inschrift Kirk Michael III, in der Runen und Ogam kombiniert erscheinen, wird detailliert untersucht. Verschiedene ungrammatische Formen werden als Zeichen eines fortschreitenden Sprachverfalls (language attrition) des Skandinavischen gedeutet. Die Entstehung der Inschrift wird aus kunstgeschichtlichen Gründen in der 2. Hälfte des 10. Jahrhunderts, auf jeden Fall aber vor 1000 angesetzt. Diese Datierung lässt einen Transport der neuen diakritischen Technik nach Skandinavien vor ihrem ersten Auftreten in dortigen Inschriften zumindest möglich erscheinen.

• Schulte, Michael (2020). Takketale for Sørlandets Kompetansefonds forskningspris. Agder Vitenskapsakademi Årbok. ISSN 0809-7283. p. 169–170. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2020). Tistel-mistel-formelen i vikingtid og nordisk middelalder - Form, funksjon og symbolverdi. Maal og Minne. ISSN 0024-855X. 112(2), p. 97–126. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Artikkelen kaster nytt lys over tistel-mistel-formelen i Bósa saga og i en rekke yngre runeinnskrifter. Den undersøker ulike grafologiske representasjoner og forvanskinger av formelen, samtidig som formelens innhold utredes. Bidraget argumenterer for at tistel-mistel-formelen i vikingtiden og middelalderen er en prototypisk fruktbarhetsformel med positivt og/eller negativt fortegn. Tistelens og mistelens kulturhistoriske bakgrunn og deres medisinske bruk støtter opp om denne tolkningen. Konklusjonen er at denne formelen hadde en kompleks symbolverdi med livstruende og livsbevarende funksjoner. Med andre ord, den oppfylte et helt spekter av ulike oppgaver: fra forbannelsesformular til vernemagi og velsignelse.

• Schulte, Michael (2020). Wain, wagon and wayfarer: Names of speed, agility and alertness in the corpus of the older runic inscriptions. NOWELE. North-Western European Language Evolution. ISSN 0108-8416. 73(2), p. 276–298. doi: 10.1075/nowele.00043.sch. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The runic inscriptions of the older period contain a series of terms referring to the notion of speed, agility and alertness in a broader sense. Most of these forms that occur on runestones are conveniently explained in terms of bynames and individual names (cf. Brylla 1993). The paper explores the structure of this lexical field which has two major sub-groups: (1) Weapon names designating attack and swift motion, and (2) Personal names and bynames invoking the notions of speed, travel and alertness. Subgroup 1 includes East Germanic material, whereas subgroup 2 seems to be restricted to the Northwest Germanic linguistic territory. The recently discovered Rakkestad runestone from eastern Norway affirms the relevance of this interpretation of personal names and bynames. The paper argues that this linguistic discussion is of socio-cultural importance in an overarching perspective of Early Norse society.

• Schulte, Michael (2019). Raskhet i de eldre runeinnskrifter. En runologisk og lingvistisk kommentar til den nyfunne Rakkestadsteinen fra Øverby i Østfold. Scandinavian Philology. ISSN 0202-2397. 17(1), p. 73–96. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). Futhark, älteres und jüngeres. Germanische Altertumskunde Online. Utg. av Sebastian Brather mfl. Berlin: Walter de GruyterWalter de Gruyter 2019 ISBN 978-3-11-021953-1. ISSN 2193-2778. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). Ällerstad, Runendenkmal. Germanische Altertumskunde Online. Utg. av Sebastian Brather mfl. Berlin: Walter de GruyterWalter de Gruyter 2019 ISBN 978-3-11-021953-1. ISSN 2193-2778. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). The Scandinavian dotted runes. Scandinavian Philology. ISSN 0202-2397. 17(2), p. 264–283. doi: 10.21638/11701/spbu21.2019.205. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2018). [Memory in] Linguistics and Philology. In Glauser, Jürg; Hermann, Pernille & Mitchell, Stephen A. (Ed.), Handbook of Pre-Modern Nordic Memory Studies. Interdisciplinary Approaches. De Gruyter Brill. ISSN 9783110440201. p. 198–209. doi: 10.1515/9783110431360-019. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2018). Den eldste tiden (-700). In Nesse, Agnete (Eds.), Norsk språkhistorie bind IV, Tidslinjer. Novus Forlag. ISSN 9788270998500. p. 51–117. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2018). Vikingtiden (700-1050). In Nesse, Agnete (Eds.), Norsk språkhistorie bind IV, Tidslinjer. Novus Forlag. ISSN 9788270998500. p. 119–196. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2017). Allar leiðir liggja til Rómar - eða til Miklagarðs? Um sögu skáktaflsins og ferðir norræna manna. In Hansen, Zakaris Svabo; Johansen, Anfinnur; Petersen, Hjalmar P. & Reinert, Lena (Ed.), Bók Jógvan. Heiðursrit til Jógvan í Lon Jacobsen á 60 ára degnum. Fródskapur - Faroe University Press. ISSN 9789991865805. p. 385–397. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2017). Boardgames of the Vikings - From Hnefatafl to Chess. Maal og Minne. ISSN 0024-855X. p. 1–42. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael; Jahr, Ernst Håkon & Gundersen, Dag (2016). Norge og Noreg: etymologi. Store Norske Leksikon (Nettutgaven). Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). «Runology and Historical Sociolinguistics: On runic writing and its social history in the first millennium.». Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics. doi: 10.1515/jhsl-2015-0004. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Die Blekinger Inschriften als Status- und Machtembleme - Ein kulturhistorischer Syntheseversuch. In Grimm, Oliver & Pesch, Alexandra (Ed.), Archäologie und Runen. Fallstudien zu Inschriften im älteren Futhark. Wachholtz Verlag. ISSN 9783529018817. p. 175–194. doi: 10.1515/bgsl-2014-0002. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2014). Die norwegischen Runeninschriften der späten Wikingerzeit – Von der Gedenkformel zur Fürbitte und historischen Narration. In Nedoma, Robert (Eds.), Erzählen im mittelalterlichen Skandinavien II / herausgegeben von Robert Nedoma. Praesens Verlag. ISSN 9783706907774. p. 133–150. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2014). Kenning, metafor og metonymi. Om kenningens kognitive grunnstruktur. Edda. Nordisk tidsskrift for litteraturforskning. ISSN 0013-0818. p. 17–32. Full text in Research Archive

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• Laker, Stephen; Falluomini, Carla; Krogh, Steffen; Nedoma, Robert & Schulte, Michael (2025). Germanic Interrelations: Studies in Memory of Hans Frede Nielsen. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 9789027244888. 380 p. doi: https:/benjamins.com/catalog/nss.34. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This volume celebrates Hans Frede Nielsen’s contribution to the field of Germanic studies and his work as founding editor of the journal and book series North-Western European Language Evolution. Twenty peer-reviewed contributions explore a broad range of topics involving North and West Germanic languages. Some studies focus on early runic inscrip-tions, others deal with features of modern varieties. All align in one way or another with Nielsen’s fields of interest, especially historical linguistics, and cover aspects of phonology, syntax, morphology, etymology, toponyms, ethnonyms, dialectology, text linguistics, lin-guistic historiography and language contact.

• Schulte, Michael; Tarsi, Matteo; Mårtensson, Lasse; Indridason, Thorsteinn G. & Williams, Henrik (2023). Från Island till Sverige och tillbaka. Festskrift till Veturliði G. Óskarsson på 65-årsdagen. Uppsala universitet. ISBN 9789150629965. 191 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Hennig, Reinhard; Lethbridge, Emily & Schulte, Michael (2023). Ecocriticism and Old Norse Studies. Nature and the Environment in Old Norse Literature and Culture. Brepols. ISBN 9782503604848. 312 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael; Holsting, Alexandra; Nielsen, Hans Frede & Nedoma, Robert (2020). Runic Inscriptions and the Early History of the Germanic Languages. Special Issue of NOWELE. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 9789027240736. 192 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2018). Urnordisch. Eine Einführung. Praesens Verlag. ISBN 9783706909518. 156 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Nedoma, Robert (2016). Grammarians, Skalds and Rune Carvers II. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 9788776745912. 240 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Nedoma, Robert (2016). Grammarians, Skalds and Rune Carvers I. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 9788776745912. 112 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Grundfragen der Umlautphonemisierung : Eine strukturelle Analyse des nordgermanischen i/j Umlauts unter Berücksichtigung der älteren Runeninschriften. De Gruyter Brill. ISBN 9783110801781. 321 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Schulte, Michael (2026). Das Nordwestgermanische - Zum Aussagewert der älteren Runeninschriften. doi: https:/ifs.uni-greifswald.de/storages/uni-greifswald/fakultaet/phil/fennistik_skandinavistik/Institut/atds26/27.ATdS_Programmheft.pdf. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Der Beitrag diskutiert zentrale Probleme und Desiderate zum Nordwestgermanischen aus der Sicht der runischen Überlieferung. Als solche zeichnen sich aus der Perspektive der älteren Runeninschriften und der anglo-friesischen sowie der südgermanischen Runenüberlieferungen folgende Bereiche ab, die teils gut ergründet, teils aber noch wenig erforscht sind: 1. Grundsätzliche Fragen zur Ausdifferenzierung des Urgermanischen: Tragen die älteren Runeninschriften sowie die südgermanischen und anglo-friesischen Runeninschriften zur Beantwortung der Frage bei, ob die Auflösung des Urgermanischen eine nordwest-germanische oder eine goto-nordische Makrodialektgruppe voraussetzt? Die einflussreiche linguistische Position vertreten durch Hans Kuhn (1955), Herbert Penzl (1995), modifiziert auch durch Elmer Antonsen (2002), Hans Frede Nielsen (2000) und zahlreiche internationale Forscher, sah in der Sprache der älteren Runeninschriften im Prinzip ein noch bewahrtes “Nordwestgermanisch”, wobei ausdrücklich von “Runennordwestgermanisch” oder sogar “Runengermanisch” (Penzl 1995) gesprochen wird. Ist diese Position haltbar? Indes sehen Ottar Grønvik (2010) und einige andere skandinavische Forscher in diesen Denkmälern bis 450/500 n.Chr. eine nordische Sprachform. Hierzu stellt sich die grundsätzliche Frage: Gibt es Anhaltspunkte dafür, dass das (Proto-)Nordwestgermanische den ältesten, das heißt archaischen, Runeninschriften in seiner Sprachform noch vorausgeht? In diesem Fall muss von einer ‘Zwischenursprache’ gesprochen werden, wie beispielsweise Don Ringe und Ann Taylor (2014) dies mit dem Terminus Proto-Northwest Germanic tun. Welchem der beiden Lager ist nun Recht zu geben? 2. Datierungsfragen, das heißt Fragen zur relativen und absoluten Chronologie. Ganz konkret: gibt es beispielsweise Anhaltspunkte für die Datierung des a-Umlauts (richtungs-weisend die strukturelle Analyse von Patrick Stiles (2012): ‘the short vowel shuffle’), den Wandel ē1 (> ǣ) > ā und verschiedene Monophthongierungen in Stark- und Schwachdruck-silben? 3. Zum konkreten Aussagewert der ältesten Runeninschriften, insbesondere der Neufunde von Hole 3 / Svingerud (vgl. Solheim et al. 2025). Welche wesentlichen Indizien für die sprach-liche Bestimmung lassen sich ausmachen? Kann die Monophthongierung in velaren Kontexten (Belege zum Verb *faihijan), die sich möglicherweise bereits in den Neufunden von Hole/ Svingerud (datiert um (1)50 n.Chr.) abzeichnet, in die Analyse einbezogen werden? 4. Welchen Aussagewert haben die anglo-friesischen und die südgermanischen (sprachlich: westgermanischen) Runenüberlieferungen? 5. Wie lassen sich die älteren Runeninschriften mit dem Befund neuerer Theorieansätze wie der Phylogenie und der Gottometrie vereinbaren (vgl. Fredrik Hartmann 2023 und Joshua Agee 2021)? 6. Außerdem wird die finnische Lehnwortevidenz in die Diskussion einbezogen, um speziell den zentralen nordwestgermanischen Wandel von ē1 > ā zu datieren und mit der finnisch-ugrischen Evidenz abzugleichen (vgl. die Beiträge von Jorma Koivulehto [1986] und Petri Kallio [2015], die in Datierungsfragen wesentlich voneinander abweichen). Wie ich argumentiere (vgl. Pkt. 1), muss die Periode der „nordwestgermanischen Sprach-einheit“ den Runeninschriften im älteren Futhark noch vorausgegangen sein. Abschließend und zusammenfassend schlägt der Beitrag eine Chronologie der Stratifizierung und Aus-differenzierung vor, die verschiedene Lautwandelprozesse früher datiert, als es allgemein Praxis ist.

• Schulte, Michael & Nilsen, Ragnhild (2026). Odderøya er ikke et tomteareal - fvn.no. Lørdag 4. juli 2026(151, årgang 152), p. 36–37. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Det foregår en høylytt diskusjon i ulike leire for tiden om bit for bit nedbygging i Agder; fra kunstnere til politikere, ja – helt frem til statsforvalteren som den senere tid har satt foten ned for ulovlig nedbygging av vår felles kystlinje.

• Schulte, Michael (2026). Urnordisch: Die Sprache des germanischen Nordens. Archäologie in Deutschland. ISSN 0176-8522. 36(2), p. 93–99. doi: http:/dnb.d-nb.de. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2026). Formler og magi i nordiske runeinnskrifter. doi: https:/www.uia.no/bibliotek/arrangementer/forskerfokus:%20Formler%20og%20magi%20i%20nordiske%20runeinnskrifter%20. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Eldre og yngre runeinnskrifter presenteres. Vi ser på den berømte Kylversteinen og fortsetter med tistel-mistel-formelen på flere vikingtidsinnskrifter. Gjenstander blander magi og kristen tro. Magi blir helt konkret og hverdagslig. Bli med på spennende foredrag med professor Michael Schulte ved UiAs institutt for nordisk og mediefag.

• Schulte, Michael (2025). The periodization of Northwest Germanic anew. doi: https:/www.uu.se/en/department/scandinavian-languages/research/seminars-and-conferences/conferences/past-conferences/ugc. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2025). Probleme und Desiderate bei der erforschung des Nordwestgermanischen - Zum aussagewert der älteren Runeninschriften. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2025). Runes in the far North - An offshoot of the World´s writing systems. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2025). Forskere fant flere biter av verdens eldste runestein - kan endre runenes historie. [Internet]. forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2025). Rezension zu Ramón Boldt 2023. Aspekte der Vergleichenden Phraseologie. Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, Beiheft 34. Zeitschrift für Rezensionen zur germanistischen Sprachwissenschaft. ISSN 1867-1691. 17(1-2), p. 168–173. doi: 10.1515/zrs-2025-2015. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2025). The oldest runes in Europe. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2025). Mystiske runer på vikingskatt fra Skottland er nå tydet [artikkel]. [Internet]. forskning.no / sciencenorway.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2025). Blessings and protective charms in runic inscriptions. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2025). Researchers found more pieces of the World´s oldest runestone - may change the history of the runes. [Internet]. sciencenorway.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2025). Opponent speech Michael Schulte [first opponent]: Katrín Lísa van der Linde Mikaelsdóttir, Norwegian Influence on Icelandic Literary Language in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. An Examination of Seventy-Five Scribal Hands. Dissertation towards the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Iceland, 2025. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2025). "Runer gjennom 1500 år - Runenes skriftkultur og historie". Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Jf. Jan Kløvstad i Agderposten, 23. januar 2025: Michael Schulte holder foredrag om runenes historie gjennom 1500 år - Agderposten Sideblikk

• Schulte, Michael (2025). Runer i Norden og Nord-Europa – skrift, makt og magi gjennom snart 2000 år. doi: https:/www.facebook.com/fornminneparken/posts/professor-michael-schulte-sin-store-forskningsinteresse-gjelder-spr%C3%A5k-og-kultur-/1080597624107287/. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2025). Fra Ågedal til Bagdad - Hvordan Ahmad Ibn Fadlans reiseberetning påvirket tolkningen av Ågedalbrakteaten. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2025). The phonological unit of the word in runic epigraphy. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2024). Resolution in Ancient Nordic Metrics: a reevaluation of the runic data [Zoom transmission]. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2024). Austin lecture on methodology in runological studies: The Norwegian runologist Ottar Grønvik and his contributions to historical linguistics. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2024). Runenes historie gjennom 1500 år. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2024). Runic Metrics and Grapho-Linguistics: What boundary signals and word-dividers reveal about prosody. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2024). Runes - The indigenous Germanic writing system. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2024). Phrasal loan from American English into Norwegian. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2024). Ancient Nordic and the Language Historian´s Toolkit: A critique of Ottar Grønvik. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2024). New Approaches to the Periodization of Northwest Germanic and early North Germanic. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2024). Nói Albinói og Icelandic New Wave. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2024). Building Bridges: Periodization methods in early North Germanic and Germanic language history. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). New Runic Finds and New Chances: The Svingerud Stone Fragments and Nordic Language History. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). The famous Swedish Rök Stone as Cultural Heritage and Collective Memory. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). The Rise of Metrical Systems in Early Northwest Germanic: The Proto-Long Line. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). Nye runefunn og nye perioder? Nyfunn fra Svingerud og eldre nordisk språkhistorie. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). The recent runic finds from Svingerud in Hole/Norway and the periodization of early Nordic language history. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Mitt konferanseabstrakt ligger her: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CC2kigf68ujlDd08c3VRiQfiwNWD9Ij8/view

• Schulte, Michael (2023). Rørlige verb: Om 200 år sier Ola Nordmann gådde istedenfor gikk. 149(124), p. 40–40. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). Runes - The indigenous Germanic writing system. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). Nye runefunn og den eldste nordiske språkhistorien. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). A re-assessment of Early Runic metrics. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). "To be or not to be? Problems with the Germanic longline in Early Runic metrics" [presentation via zoom]. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2023). Nye runefunn kaster nytt lys over nordisk språkhistorie. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). Südnorwegischen Runeninschriften als Quelle(n) für die Sprachgeschichte. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). «On the history of two magic runic formulas and their multiple connections.». Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). The intertextuality of runic formulas – A case study. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). Recent research on Early Runic metrics. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). [Rezensionsbeitrag] Klaus Düwel, Von Göttern, Helden und Gelehrten. Ausgewählte Scandinavica minora, hrsg. von Robert Nedoma (= Wiener Studien zur Skandinavistik [WSS] 28). Wien: Praesens, 2020. European Journal of Scandinavian Studies. ISSN 2191-9399. 52(1), p. 127–130. doi: 10.1515/ejss-2021-2058. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). Kleine Fächer Skandinavistik/Nordistik. Zentrum für Qualitätssicherung und -entwicklung. Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Arbeitsstelle "Kleine Fächer". [Internet]. https://twitter.com/kleinefaecher. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). Opening and introduction to the LSS-5: Aim and focus. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  UiA-konferansen "From the Maya Script to the Germanic Runes – Case Studies on the Typology of Scripts and Research on Writing Systems“ går av stabelen ved Fevik Strandhotel den 25.–28. oktober 2022. Konferansen er tilegnet keltolog, historiker og runolog Carl J. S. Marstrander (1883-1965), som tilbrakte sine ungdoms- og skoleår i Kristiansand. Konferansen inngår i serien ScriptandSound / LautSchriftSprache og belyser Historisk grafematikk som et tverrfaglig forskningsfelt mellom filologi, språkhistorie, epigrafikk, paleografi, semiotikk, kulturantropologi og andre fag. Mens de fire første LSS-konferansene som ble holdt i Italia, Sveits og Tyskland overveiende behandlet alfabetiske skriftsystemer (runene innbefattet), utvider denne UiA-konferansen fokuset med flere områder, f.eks. Nord- og Sør-Amerika, Kina, India, samt ulike tidshorisonter: fra den lineære elamittskriften rundt 2200 f.Kr. til Cherokee-skrift på 1800-tallet e.Kr. Hovedmålet med konferansen er å utdype vår forståelse av skrifttypologi.

• Schulte, Michael (2022). Review of Dimitrij Dobrovol’skij & Elisabeth Piirainen†, Figurative Language. Cross-cultural and cross-linguistic perspectives (= Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 350). 2nd edn., revised and updated. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter 2022. Dialectologia et Geolinguistica. ISSN 0942-4040. 30, p. 151–155. doi: 10.1515/dialect-2022-009. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). Ein Streifzug durch die südnorwegischen Runeninschriften als Kulturerbe und Quelle(n) für die Sprachgeschichte. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). Linguistische Formeln – Zur Formelsprache der älteren Runeninschriften. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). «Runic metrical studies / A re-assessment of early runic metrics with a particular focus on resolution.». Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). Formulaic language before AD 600: The one-word formulas in the older runic inscriptions. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). From þistill-mistill-kistill to horn-korn-þorn – Scribbles on medieval church-walls and the transformation of a magic formula in a Christian context. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2022). «On the runes in Smirnitskaya’s work.» Roundtable discussion: "Better late than never: Olga Smirnitskaya‘s The Verse and the Language of Old Germanic Poetry appears in English", at the 18th International Saga Conference: Sagas and the Circum-Baltic Arena. Helsinki and Tallinn, 7th–14th August 2022. Arransjør: Ilya Sverdlov, University of Helsinki, 8 August 2022. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2021). Klaus Düwel, Robert Nedoma & Sigmund Oehrl, Die südgermanischen Runeninschriften, 2 Teilbde. (= Ergänzungsbände zum Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde [ERGA] 119). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, 2020. Zeitschrift für Rezensionen zur germanistischen Sprachwissenschaft. ISSN 1867-1691. 13(1-2), p. 58–62. doi: 10.1515/zrs-2020-2060. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Selås, Magnhild (2021). Serien Framvandrerne (Beforeigners) og norskfaget. Nokre betraktningar om bruken av språk og runer. Norsklæreren. ISSN 0332-7264. p. 42–47. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2021). Opposisjonsinnlegg ved førsteopponent Michael Schulte: «Comments and questions at the doctoral defence of Matteo Tarsi» [Andmæli við doktorsvörn Matteo Tarsis: Loanwords and native words in Old and Middle Icelandic (12th c.–1550). Dissertation, School of Humanities, Department of Icelandic and Comparative Cultural Studies, University of Iceland, 2020.». Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði. ISSN 0256-842X. 43, p. 152–158. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2021). To runeformler i språkhistorisk og areallingvistisk belysning. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2021). Opposisjon ved doktordisputasen til David Simecek: The Old Norse Periphrastic Future. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2021). Opposisjon ved doktordisputas av David Simecek: "The Old Norse Periphrastic Future: the origin, grammaticalization and meaning", Karls-Universitet i Prag, Tsjekkisk Republikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2020). Opposisjon ved førsteopponent Michael Schulte: Matteo Tarsis avhandling: «Loanwords and native words in Old and Middle Icelandic (12th c.‒1550).» [En historisk studie av låneord i den eldre perioden av det islandske skriftspråket.]. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2020). Anmeldelse: Ebba Hjorth et al. (hovedred.), Dansk Sproghistorie. Bind 2. Ord for ord for ord. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2018. Dialectologia et Geolinguistica. ISSN 0942-4040. 28, p. 157–162. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Myrvoll, Klaus Johan (2020). Climatic disaster in the runic inscriptions? Recent research on the Rök-stone and other Viking-age rune-stones. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Krischke, Wolfgang (2020). Runen aus Karthago. [Journal]. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2020). Gjesteforelesning: Runer i Norge - med fokus på Sørlandet. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2020). Gjesteforelesning: Om å skrive eldre språkhistorie - Norsk språkhistorie (NSH). Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Nilsen, Ragnhild (2020). Hva mener vi med bærekraft? Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2020). Foredrag: Beforeigners - En tidsreise med runer og ulike runerekker. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2020). Foredrag: Runer i Norge gjennom tid, med fokus på Sørlandet - Fra Belland til Bykleheia. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2020). Anmeldelse av Jan Alexander van Nahl & Astrid van Nahl, Skandinavistische Mediävistik. Einführung in die altwestnordische Sprach- und Literaturgeschichte. Hamburg: Buske, 2019. European Journal of Scandinavian Studies. ISSN 2191-9399. 50(2), p. 380–383. doi: 10.1515/ejss-2020-2016. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2020). Anmeldelse: Hans Götzsche (red.), The Meaning of Language. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018. European Journal of Scandinavian Studies. ISSN 2191-9399. 50(1), p. 249–252. doi: 10.1515/ejss-2020-0017. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Nilsen, Ragnhild (2020). Vannkraft og kortreist energi. Fædrelandsvennen. ISSN 0805-3790. 146(245), p. 26–26. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). Zipfs lov og det dynamiske leksikon. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). Rezension: Terje Wagener: The History of the Nordic Relative Clauses [= Studies and Monographs 304] Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. Zeitschrift für Rezensionen zur germanistischen Sprachwissenschaft. ISSN 1867-1691. 10, p. 150–155. doi: 10.1515/zrs-2019-2020. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). Anmeldelse: Terje Wagener 2017. The History of Nordic Relative Clauses (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 304). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. Zeitschrift für Rezensionen zur germanistischen Sprachwissenschaft. ISSN 1867-1691. p. 1–5. doi: 10.1515/zrs-2019-2010. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). Gammel vin i nye skinnsekker - ny norsk språkhistorie. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Michael Schulte forteller om prosjektet bak Ny norsk språkhistorie og presenterer verket som er utgitt i 4 bind.

• Schulte, Michael (2019). Runefunnet av Rakkestadsteinen fra Øverby i Østfold: En runologisk og lingvistisk tolkning. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). Runer i Agder gjennom tid - Fra Hogganvik til Havstad. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). «How to bond with the past.» Takketale for Sørlandets Kompetansefonds Forskningspris 2019, utdelt ved AVA høytidsmøte. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Fordelsen, Tomas (2019). Kulturnytt. Vi letter på sløret om hva som foregår i kulturlivet i storkommunen: Språkforsker prisbelønnet. [Journal]. Sørlandsavisen, uke 45, 3. årgang, s. 32. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). The thistle-mistle formula and versatility in runes. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). Neues zu den germanischen Runen: Die Entdeckung des Rakkestadsteines in Ostnorwegen. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Skaran, Anne Falch (2019). Oppdatert norsk språkhistorie i fire band. [Internet]. Universitetet i Agder. Nyheter. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Kubens, Valerie (2019). Runer er som sms-er. [Journal]. Fædrelandsvennen, Nr. 266, Årgang 145, s. 23. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Skaran, Anne Falch (2019). Sørlandets Forskningspris 2019 til Michael Schulte. [Internet]. Universitetet i Agder. Nyheter. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). The Germanic runes and the recently discovered Rakkestad stone. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). Runer i Agder gjennom tusen år. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). Runes in southern Norway - From Hogganvik to Havstad. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). Special Report: The recently discovered Rakkestad runestone. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2019). The nominative singular of the masculine n-stems in Early Runic - Analogy or pure phonology? Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2018). En ny bok om Urnordisk - Gammel vin i nye skinnsekker? Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Christiansen, Atle (2018). Nord-Tysk språkutvikling var nordisk. [Internet]. Teft. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2018). Zur historischen Runengraphematik: The History of the Dotted Runes. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2018). Zur historischen Runengraphematik: On the history of the dotted runes. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2018). Anmeldelse av: Ebba Hjorth et al. (red.), Dansk sproghistorie, I. Dansk tager form. Aarhus: Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab & Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2016. Dialectologia et Geolinguistica. ISSN 0942-4040. 26, p. 151–156. doi: 10.1515/dialect-2018-0008. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2018). How and when did Scandinavian emerge? An assessment of the earliest stages of North Germanic. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2018). Die Sprache der älteren Runeninschriften im Gesamtkontext der Runenüberlieferung. Im Rahmen des Masterseminars "The European North-West in the Middle Ages - Nordwesteuropa im Mittelalter". Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Kubens, Valerie (2018). [Valerie Kubens i intervju med Michael Schulte] Språk forandrer seg hele tiden. [Journal]. Fædrelandsvennen. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2018). [Rezension:] Jana Krüger et al. (utg.): Die Faszination des Verborgenen und seine Entschlüsselung. Rāði sāʀ kunni. Beiträge zur Runologie, skandinavistischen Mediävistik und germanischen Sprachwissenschaft [= Festskrift Edith Marold] (= Ergänzungsbände zum Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde [ERGA] 101). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, 2017. European Journal of Scandinavian Studies. ISSN 2191-9399. 48(2), p. 335–339. doi: 10.1515/ejss-2018-0026. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2018). Old Norse–Turkic and Old‒Norse‒Persian contacts in the Viking Age and the Russian link. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2018). Humaniora sikrer demokrati. p. 16–16. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2017). Review of G. Drozdz: Studies in Lexicogrammar. Theory and Application. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins, 2016. Dialectologia et Geolinguistica. ISSN 0942-4040. 25, p. 153–158. doi: 10.1515/dialect-2017. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael & Muth, Birgit (2017). BR Fernsehen. Euroblick. Europa-Reportage Norwegen. Sehnsucht nach dem Hohen Norden. [TV]. BR Fernsehen, Tyskland. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2017). Når ble nordisk nordisk? Om rekonstruksjonen av de eldste isoglossene mellom nord- og vestgermansk. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2017). The lexicon as a process - Lexical dynamics at the level of morphemes, words, phrasemes and pure constructions. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2017). Besprechung von Irene García Losquino 2015. The Early Runic Inscriptions: Their Western Features. Berkeley Insights in Linguistics and Semiotics 92. Frankfurt a. Main: Peter Lang. Zeitschrift für Rezensionen zur germanistischen Sprachwissenschaft. ISSN 1867-1691. 9(1-2), p. 231–237. doi: 10.1515/zrs-2017-0040. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2017). The split of the Northwest Germanic dialect-continuum. Toward the notion of "linkage". Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2017). Recent trends in the research of early North Germanic and Northwest Germanic. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2017). Sievers´ Law in Germanic and Proto-Norse. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2017). When did Nordic become Nordic? The earliest phonology of North Germanic revisited. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2016). "Norge", en oppsummering. Klassekampen. ISSN 0805-3839. p. 22–22. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2016). «From past to present: How writing and writing systems impact dignity in human interaction». Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2016). «Wann wurde das Nordische nordisch? Zu den ältesten sprachlichen Merkmalen des Nordgermanischen und zu seiner Ausgliederung.». Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2016). «Når ble nordisk nordisk?». Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2016). Klaus Düwel: Runica minora. Ausgewählte kleine Schriften zur Runenkunde. Hrsg. von Rudolf Simek. Wien: Fassbaender, 2015 (= Studia Medievalia Septentrionalia 25). European Journal of Scandinavian Studies. ISSN 2191-9399. 46(2), p. 294–297. doi: 10.1515/ejss_2016_0025. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2016). Wolfgang Krause: Schriften zur Runologie und Sprachwissenschaft, utg. av Heinrich Beck et al. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2014 (= Ergänzungsbände zum Real¬lexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 84). European Journal of Scandinavian Studies. ISSN 2191-9399. 46(2), p. 111–115. doi: 10.1515/ejss-2016-0025. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2016). Urnordisk og nordgermansk. [Radio]. NRK P2 Språkteigen. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2016). Requiem for the American Dream. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2016). «Trouble with Sievers’ Law in Icelandic? The early runic evidence and Icelandic revisited.». Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2016). «Ný skýring á uppruna og merkingu orðsins Noregur.» Innslag på Rás 1, RÚV, Orð af orði, 20. mars 2016, Reykjavík. [Radio]. Rás 1, Ríkisútvarp (RÚV), Reykjavík. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2016). Woher kommt das Wort Norge für Norwegen? Dialog. Mitteilungen der Deutsch-Norwegischen Gesellschaft e.V.. 48, p. 22–24. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). «Toward the dialectology of Viking-age Scandinavian ‒ 40 years after Einar Haugen’s The Scandinavian Languages». Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). «Nye veier inn i vikingtidens dialektkontinuum – En dynamisk tilnærming.». Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Corinna Scheungraber & Friedrich E. Grünzweig: Die Altgermanischen Toponyme sowie ungermanische Toponyme Germaniens ‒ Ein Handbuch zu ihrer Etymologie. (= Philologica Germanica 34). Wien: Fassbaender, 2014. Dialectologia et Geolinguistica. ISSN 0942-4040. 23, p. 141–143. doi: 10.1515/dialect-2015-0011. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Annina Seiler: The Scripting of the Germanic Languages. A Comparative Study of “Spelling Difficulties” in Old English, Old High German and Old Saxon. Zürich: Chronos, 2014. (= Medienwandel – Medienwechsel – Medienwissen 30). Dialectologia et Geolinguistica. ISSN 0942-4040. 23, p. 130–134. doi: 10.1515/dialect-2015-0008. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Ernst Kausen: Die Sprachfamilien der Welt. Teil 1: Europa und Asien. Teil 2: Afrika – Indopazifik – Australien – Amerika. Hamburg: Buske, 2013–2014. Dialectologia et Geolinguistica. ISSN 0942-4040. 23, p. 123–130. doi: 10.1515/dialect-2015-0007. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Michael Schäfer & Werner Schäfke: Sprachwissenschaft für Skandinavisten. Eine Einführung. Tübingen: Narr, 2014. (= Narr Studienbücher). Dialectologia et Geolinguistica. ISSN 0942-4040. 23, p. 137–141. doi: 10.1515/dialect-2015-0010. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Kristine Bentzen, Henrik Rosenkvist & Janne Bondi Johannessen (red.), Studies in Övdalian Morphology and Syntax. New research on a lesser known Scandinavian language. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2015. (= Linguistik Aktuell / Linguistics Today 221). Dialectologia et Geolinguistica. ISSN 0942-4040. 23, p. 134–137. doi: 10.1515/dialect-2015-0009. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Landsnavnet Noreg. Innslag på NRK P2 Språkteigen. [Radio]. NRK P2 (Kristiansand). Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Elizabeth Ashman Rowe: Vikings in the West. The Legend of Ragnarr Loðbrók and his Sons. Wien: Fassbaender, 2012. (= Studia Medievalia Septentrionalia 18). European Journal of Scandinavian Studies. ISSN 2191-9399. 45(2), p. 236–238. doi: 10.1515/ejss-2015-0017. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). NRK P2 Språkteigen "Urnordisk og proto-indoeuropeisk I". [Radio]. NRK P2. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). NRK P2 Språkteigen "Urnordisk og proto-indoeuropeisk II". [Radio]. NRK P2. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). NRK P2 Språkteigen "Våre språklige røtter: Urnordisk". [Radio]. NRK P2 Språkteigen. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Fra Rosseland til Hogganvik. En reise tilbake i tid. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Linguistic complexity and equicomplexity: From Humboldt to modern evolutionary typology. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). «Scandinavian dialects in the first millennium ‒ Where do we stand today and what do we know?». Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Hvor kom "Norge" fra? 47(293), p. 22–23. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Anmeldelse av Ernst Kausen: Die Sprachfamilien der Welt. Teil 1: Europa und Asien. Teil 2: Afrika – Indopazifik – Australien – Amerika. Hamburg: Buske, 2013–2014. Dialectologia et Geolinguistica. ISSN 0942-4040. 23, p. 97–114. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). «Språkets skapelse og transformasjon sett i lys av den evolusjonære språktypologien.». Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). «Inflection versus imperfection? On the notion of more and less perfect language structures in Wilhelm von Humboldt’s and other early typologists’ works.». Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Anmeldelse av Dieter Strauch: Mittelalterliches nordisches Recht bis 1500. Eine Quellenkunde. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2011. (= Ergänzungsbände zum Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 73). European Journal of Scandinavian Studies. ISSN 2191-9399. 45(1), p. 107–111. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Runologi og historisk sosiolingvistikk. Om en ny publikasjon og en ny publiseringskanal. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). The social dynamics of scripts and writing ‒ the case of the runes. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). Seminar Introduction: Aim and scope of the Prestegården mini-symposium SoundScriptLanguage. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2015). The cultural and linguistic information of the Hogganvik-runestone. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2014). ANMELDELSE: Dieter Strauch: Mittelalterliches nordisches Recht bis 1500. Eine Quellenkunde. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2011. (= Ergänzungsbände zum Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 73). European Journal of Scandinavian Studies. ISSN 2191-9399. 44(2), p. 180–184. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2014). Vikingtiden i norsk språkhistorie. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2014). Den eldste tiden i norsk språkhistorie (–700). Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2014). [Anmeldelse av:] Schnelzer, Klaus Otto: Konjunktiv kontrastiv. Zur Morphologie bairischer und isländischer Verben. Regensburg: Edition vulpes, 2008. (= Regensburger Dialektforum 11). Dialectologia et Geolinguistica. ISSN 0942-4040. 22, p. 134–137. doi: 10.1515/dialect-2014-008. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2014). A journey into the past - A close look at the runestones from Oddernes and Hogganvik. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2014). [Anmeldelse av:]Odd Einar Haugen: Norröne Grammatik im Überblick: Altisländisch und Altnorwegisch. Hamburg: Buske, 2013. Dialectologia et Geolinguistica. ISSN 0942-4040. 22, p. 130–134. doi: 10.1515/dialect-2014-007. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2014). «Det skandinaviske dialektkontinuum i vikingtid.». Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2014). Anmeldelse av Leonard, Stephen Pax: Language, Society and Identity in Early Iceland. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. (=Publications of the Philological Society 45). European Journal of Scandinavian Studies. ISSN 2191-9399. 44(1), p. 142–146. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2014). [Anmeldelse av] Bator, Magdalena: Obsolete Scandinavian Loanwords in English. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2010. (= Studies in English Medieval Language and Literature 26). European Journal of Scandinavian Studies. ISSN 2191-9399. 44(1), p. 155–158. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulte, Michael (2014). «Om å strekke seg mot ukjente horisonter – fellesverdier hos Fridtjof Nansen og Wilhelm von Humboldt.» Takketalen ved mottakelsen av Fridtjof Nansens belønning for fremragende forskning. Full text in Research Archive

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