Malene Eikeli

• Bjorå, Charlotte Sletten; Alm, Torbjørn; Bødker, Kine Hals; Nygård, Malene Østreng; Scheen, Anne-Cathrine & Smedmark, Jenny Else Elisabeth [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Norske navn på alle karplantefamilier og -ordener. Blyttia : Norsk botanisk forenings tidsskrift. ISSN 0006-5269. 82(2), p. 83–116. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Over time, Norwegian vernacular names have been coined for all vascular plant species, genera, families and orders represented in Norway. Imported, economically important species (used as food, medicine etc.) have also frequently acquired Norwegian names. This still leaves numerous exotic plant families and plant orders without a Norwegian name, albeit sometimes requested e.g. by translators. This paper is a joint effort by curators at Norwegian herbaria at providing Norwegian names for all vascular plant families and orders accepted in PPG I and APG IV. Some of these new names are based on economically important or well-known plants within each family or order, to whatever extent they have a Norwegian name, or based on such names in English, Danish or Swedish. Others simply add the suffix -familien («family») to the Latin family name base, in particular for minute, exotic families that are unlikely ever to gain much attention in Norwegian literature.

• Nygård, Malene Østreng; Kopatz, Alexander; Speed, James David Mervyn; Martin, Michael David; Prestø, Tommy & Kleven, Oddmund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). SNP genotyping and environmental niche modelling using herbarium specimens of the northern dragonhead, Dracocephalum ruyschiana (Lamiaceae). Bauhinia. ISSN 0067-4605. 29, p. 127–128. doi: 10.12685/bauhinia.1375. Full text in Research Archive
• Matten, Damaris Marina; Mienna, Ida Marielle; Bieker, Vanessa Carina; Mishler, Brent D.; Moen, Victoria Stornes & Nygård, Malene Østreng [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Spatial patterns of phylogenetic and species diversity of fennoscandian vascular plants in protected areas. Biodiversity and Conservation. ISSN 0960-3115. 32, p. 4425–4443. doi: 10.1007/s10531-023-02705-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Protected areas are one of the main strategic means for conserving biodiversity. Yet, the design of protected areas usually neglects phylogenetic diversity, an important diversity measure. In this paper we assess the phylogenetic diversity and species richness of vascular plants in Fennoscandian protected areas. We evaluate how much species richness and phylogenetic diversity is found within and outside protected areas, and the differences in plant diversity between different categories of protected areas. We also assess the differences in the diversity-area relationship of the different protected area categories in terms of both species richness and phylogenetic diversity. We build a multi-locus phylogeny of 1,519 native vascular plants of Norway, Sweden, and Finland. We estimate the phylogenetic diversity and species richness by combining the phylogeny with publicly available occurrence data and the currently protected area system of Fennoscandia. Our results indicate that protected areas in Fennoscandia hold more plant diversity when larger, and that phylogenetic diversity increases faster with area than species richness. We found evidence for more plant diversity outside of protected areas of the different countries of Fennoscandia than inside of protected areas, but no evidence for plant diversity differences between areas with different protection status. Hence, our results indicate that the current protected area system in Fennoscandia is no more effective in conserving phylogenetic diversity and species richness of vascular plants than a random selection of localities. Our results also indicate that planning conservation strategies around phylogenetic diversity, rather than species richness, might be a first step to protect vascular plant diversity more effectively. Biodiversity · Spatial phylogenetics · Conservation · Diversity-area relationship · Flora

• Nygaard, Malene; Kopatz, Alexander; Speed, James David Mervyn; Martin, Michael David; Prestø, Tommy & Kleven, Oddmund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Spatiotemporal monitoring of the rare northern dragonhead (Dracocephalum ruyschiana, Lamiaceae) — SNP genotyping and environmental niche modeling herbarium specimens. Ecology and Evolution. 12(8). doi: 10.1002/ece3.9187. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The species we have studied the spatiotemporal genetic change in the northern dragonhead, a plant species that has experienced a drastic population decline and habitat loss in Europe. We have added a temporal perspective to the monitoring of northern dragonhead in Norway by genotyping herbarium specimens up to 200 years old. We have also assessed whether northern dragonhead has achieved its potential distribution in Norway. To obtain the genotype data from 130 herbarium specimens collected from 1820 to 2008, mainly from Norway (83) but also beyond (47), we applied a microfluidic array consisting of 96 SNP markers. To assess temporal genetic change, we compared our new genotype data with existing data from modern samples. We used sample metadata and observational records to model the species' environmental niche and potential distribution in Norway. Our results show that the SNP array successfully genotyped all included herbarium specimens. Hence, with the appropriate design procedures, the SNP array technology appears highly promising for genotyping old herbarium specimens. The captured genetic diversity correlates negatively with distance from Norway. The historical-modern comparisons reveal similar genetic structure and diversity across space and limited genetic change through time in Norway, providing no signs of any regional bottleneck (i.e., spatiotemporal stasis). The regional areas in Norway have remained genetically divergent, however, both from each other and more so from populations outside of Norway, rendering continued protection of the species in Norway relevant. The ENM results suggest that northern dragonhead has not fully achieved its potential distribution in Norway and corroborate that the species is anchored in warmer and drier habitats.

• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2022). Naturhistoriske samlinger – en uvurderlig datakilde for forståelsen av biologisk mangfold. In Nielsen, May-Brith Ohman & Høeg, Ida Marie (Ed.), Årbok for Agder Vitenskapsakademi 2021. Novus Forlag. ISSN 9788283901023. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng; Kemppainen, Petri; Speed, James D. M.; Elven, Reidar; Flatberg, Kjell Ivar & Galten, Leif Persen [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Combining population genomics and ecological niche modeling to assess taxon limits between Carex jemtlandica and C. lepidocarpa. Journal of Systematics and Evolution. ISSN 1674-4918. 59(4), p. 627–641. doi: 10.1111/jse.12743. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Carex section Ceratocystis (Cyperaceae) is a group of recently evolved plant species, in which hybridization is frequent, introgression is documented, taxonomy is complex, and morphological boundaries are vague. Within this section, a unified taxonomic treatment of the Carex jemtlandica–Carex lepidocarpa species complex does not exist, and Norway may currently be the sole country accepting species rank for both. Carex jemtlandica is mainly confined to Fennoscandia and is thus a Fennoscandian conservation responsibility. This motivated us to test the principal hypothesis that both C. jemtlandica and C. lepidocarpa represent evolutionary significant units, and that both deserve their current recognition at species level. We investigated their evolutionary distinctiveness in Norway, using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and ecological niche modeling. Our genomic results reveal two genetic clusters, largely corresponding to C. jemtlandica and C. lepidocarpa that also remain distinct in sympatry, despite clear indications of ongoing hybridization and introgression. The ecological niche modeling suggests that they occupy different environmental niches. Jointly, our results clearly show that C. jemtlandica and C. lepidocarpa represent separately evolving entities that should qualify recognition as evolutionary significant units. Given the high level of introgression compared to other hybridizing species pairs in Carex we recommend treating C. jemtlandica as a subspecies of C. lepidocarpa.

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• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2026). Dyrepasserne: sesong 15, episode 13. [TV]. TV 2. doi: https:/play.tv2.no/serier/dyrepasserne-jywsmwsp. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Det oppstår dramatikk når geparden Asante blir akutt syk. Maria låner ut axolotler til Naturhistorisk Museum. Og et spennende kvistprosjekt settes i gang.

• Grønsund, Anne; Nygård, Malene Østreng & Mork, Reidun (2026). Hagen 530 meter over havet. [Journal]. Lindesnes avis. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Naturmuseum og botanisk hage, Universitete i Agder, eier og drifter en satelitthage i Åseral kommune. I denne botaniske fjellhagen på Ljosland vokser fjellplanter fra hele Agder. Plantene hentes som frø eller planter fra naturen, dyrkes opp, og plantes ut i fjellhagen. Her får de etablerer seg og sprer seg slik de ville gjort i naturen. Innsats fra ansatte ved Naturmuseet og frivillig, økonomisk støtte fra Åseral kommune og Agder fylkeskommune, samt strøm til vanningsanlegg fra Ljosland fjellstove, sørger for at Ljosland fjellhage går rundt.

• Nygård, Malene Østreng & Jøssang, Ida (2025). Hvilke arter vil vi redde? [Radio]. NRK P2-Pulsen. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Intervju om utstillingen "Verdien av et liv" ved Naturmuseum og botanisk hage, Universitetet i Agder.

• Ihme, Henrik & Nygaard, Malene (2024). Vil hindre storutbygging i siste liten: – Bygger ned bit for bit. [Journal]. Fædrelandsvennen. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2024). Urter, ånder og trolldom: hvordan planter har beskyttet oss mot det overnaturlige. Full text in Research Archive
• Os, Anette & Nygård, Malene Østreng (2024). Stor interesse for plantenes magiske historie. [Journal]. Fædrelandsvennen. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordahl, Victoria Marie; Dalen, Leif & Nygaard, Malene (2024). Blomst sprer seg – nå skal den fjernes. [Journal]. NRK Sørlandet. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene & Dalen, Leif (2024). Kampen mot lupiner. [TV]. NRK Nyhetsmorgen. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2024). Urter, ånder og trolldom. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2024). Urter, ånder og trolldom. Full text in Research Archive
• Os, Anette & Nygård, Malene Østreng (2024). Da hun skulle snakke om hvordan man beskytter seg mot hekser, tok det av. [Journal]. Fædrelandsvennen. Full text in Research Archive
• Lien, Anne; Larsen, Jorunn; Nygård, Malene Østreng; Gabrielsen, Tove M.; Korslund, Lars & Marcussen, Johanna Bjånes [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2024). Gimle: En gressplen erstatter ikke skog. p. 15–15. Full text in Research Archive
• Lien, Anne; Nygård, Malene Østreng; Laugen, Ane Timenes; Lie, Asbjørn; Slettan, Audun & Johansen, Beate Strøm [Show all 33 contributors for this article] (2023). Utbygging vil ødelegge for biologisk mangfold på campus Gimlemoen. NB! 34 forfattere totalt. p. 19–19. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2023). Kjøttetende planter. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2023). Taksonomi: Læren om og anvendelsen av klassifikasjon. Full text in Research Archive
• Larsen, Jorunn; Nygaard, Malene; Halvorsen, Kirsti Vindal; Borg-Stoveland, Stian; Sørdalen, Tonje Knutsen & Fiskvatn, Kari [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Når natur forsvinner: Bærekraftig utvikling eller bare kraftig utvikling i Kristiansand kommune? Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene; Kopatz, Alexander; Speed, James David Mervyn; Martin, Michael David; Prestø, Tommy & Kleven, Oddmund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). SNP genotyping and environmental niche modelling using herbarium specimens of the northern dragonhead, Dracocephalum ruyschiana (Lamiaceae). Bauhinia. ISSN 0067-4605. 29, p. 127–128. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2023). Brenneslen fra helvete. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2023). Kjøttetende planter. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2023). Hjelp fra flattrykte planter og døde dyr. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene; Solheim, Roar; Johansen, Beate Strøm; Ramirez, Raul; Jøssang, Ida & Fiskvatn, Kari [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Natur- og klimaendringer. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Midlertidig utstilling med grafiske illustrasjoner og tilhørende tekst produsert av Curating Tomorrow. Illustrasjonene er satt i en større kontekst og supplert med oversatte tekster, egne tekster og objekter fra egne og private samlinger. Tema for utstillingen er natur og klima i endring og hvordan naturen, dyr og planter responderer på disse endringene med konkrete eksempler.

• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2023). Underjordisk botanikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2023). Biologisk mangfold. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2023). Pollinerende insekter og blomstermeny. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2023). Pollinerende insekter og blomsterplanter. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng; Johansen, Beate Strøm; Berger, Lisa Marianne; Nordtveit, Aslaug; Rutgerson, Ida & Skjelnes, Julie (2023). Natural history museum collections as an untapped reservoir for pathogen studies: A case study of Snake Fungal Disease in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2023). Urbant landbruk: økt biologisk mangfold i grøntanlegg. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2023). Grønn mat og deres ville slektninger. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2023). Planters livssyklus og grønn mat. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2022). The Role of Phylogenetics in Biological Sciences. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2022). Kjærligheten blomstrer i fjellet – om kjærlighet, kjønn og seksualitet i planteriket. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2022). Fra frø til frukt. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene; Jøssang, Ida & Enoksen, Solveig (2022). The Hidden Beauty of Seeds & Fruits. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene; Solheim, Roar; Jøssang, Ida; Bargeman, Handrik Jan & Enoksen, Solveig (2022). Biologisk mangfold og fremmedarter. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2022). Naturhistoriske samlinger – en uvurderlig datakilde for forståelsen av biologisk mangfold. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2022). Vampyrer: løk, sølv og flaggermus. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2022). Hvorfor lukter noen blomster råttent kjøtt. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2022). Spatiotemporal monitoring of the rare Northern dragonhead, Dracocephalum ruyschiana (Lamiaceae) — SNP genotyping and environmental niche modelling herbarium specimens. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2022). Spatiotemporal monitoring of the rare Northern dragonhead, Dracocephalum ruyschiana (Lamiaceae) — SNP genotyping and environmental niche modelling herbarium specimens. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2022). Frø og planteutvikling. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2022). Fra jord til bord. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2021). Custom hybrid capture probes enable herbarium specimen phylogenomic analysis of the sedges (Cyperaceae). Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2021). Naturmuseum Kristiansand - Botanikeren Malene. [TV]. TV Agder. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2021). Hvorfor er insektene så viktige? Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2021). Teatralsk høyfjellesøkologi. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2021). Samspill mellom dyr og planter. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2021). Fra jord til bord. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2021). Naturhistoriske samlinger - en uvurderlig datakilde for forståelsen av biologisk mangfold. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2020). Using SNPs and herbarium specimens to monitor past and present populations of the Northern Dragonhead Dracocephalum ruyschiana in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng & Bendiksby, Mika (2020). Vi måler tempen på forskningsfeltet biosystematikk. Biolog. ISSN 0801-0722. 2, p. 14–21. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2020). Juletrær. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2020). Botanisk samling. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2020). Juletrær. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2020). Fjellets barskinger. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2020). Biologisk mangfold: viktigheten av genetisk variasjon og tilgang på ulike nisjer. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene (2020). Vampyrer: løk, sølv og flaggermus. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2020). Vitenskapelige samlinger. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2020). Taksonomens blikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2020). Fra jord til bord. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2019). Planter som beskytter mot det overnaturlige - en alternativ inngang til botanikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2019). “Capturing the Phylogenetic History of Carex flava complex”. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Carex flava complex (Cyperaceae) is a small, monophyletic group with several red-listed members, some of which are restricted to the Nordic countries. Internally, the phylogeny of the complex remains unsolved despite previous studies using different molecular approaches. This is most likely due to the young age of the group, and it is further complicated by frequent hybridization between members of the group. As a consequence, taxonomical treatment and species delimitation within the group is highly disputed worldwide. The aim of our project is to untangle the complex phylogeny of the Carex flava complex, identify species complexes in need of more in depth studies, and to identify proper units for biodiversity conservation efforts. We will use a targeted DNA sequence capture approach and design our own probes based on both transcriptome and genome-skimming data. In order to obtain a global representation of all taxa within the complex, we will make use of herbarium specimens of various age. The target capture approach seems particularly suitable for obtaining multi-locus data from degraded biological tissues. We will use various phylogenetic and species delimitation methods concatenated alignments. We will present preliminary results.

• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2018). Conservation genomic studies of red-listed angiosperm species prevalent in Central Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2017). A RAD-seq study of the Norwegian red-listed sister-species Carex jemtlandica and C. lepidocarpa (sect. Ceratocystis, Cyperaceae). Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2017). A RAD-seq study of the Norwegian red-listed sister-species Carex jemtlandica and C. lepidocarpa (sect. Ceratocystis, Cyperaceae). Full text in Research Archive
• Nygård, Malene Østreng (2016). A population genetic study of Carex jemtlandica and C. lepidocarpa sect. Ceratocystis, using RAD-seq. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Malene; Bendiksby, Mika; Speed, James David Mervyn & Martin, Mike (2022). Integrative biosystematics and conservation genomics – holistic studies of two red-listed plants in Norway. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet. ISSN 9788232663392. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We are currently facing a rapid decline in biodiversity. More than 20% of all plants are threatened by extinction. Loss of plants may have drastic effects on our lives as they represent a fundamental part of the biodiversity providing food, timber, medicine, and other ecosystem services. To conserve biodiversity, we must first understand what it consists of as well as the processes shaping it. The purpose of this study was to contribute toward a greater understanding of plant diversity and distribution in Norway in order to guide conservation of threatened plants. We combined different types of data (morphological, genetic, geographical) and methods (population genetics, phylogenetics, ecological niche modeling) to study taxonomic, ecological, evolutionary and conservation aspects of two red-listed plants. The value of natural history collection in biodiversity studies was evaluated through the use of herbarium material within two of the included articles. A kinship hypothesis, also called a phylogenetic tree, can be used for a variety of downstream analyses. Integrated, these analyses may contribute towards holistic biodiversity knowledge. In this study we developed and tested a set of Hyb-Seq probes for the Carex genus (Cyperaceae), with the ultimate goal of unraveling its internal relationships. We further performed a literature search to study the use of phylogenies within different biological disciplines during the last 50 years, and the relevance of resolved phylogenies for biodiversity conservation practices.

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