Kalanit Efrat

Professor Department of Management and Innovation

Email: kalanit.efrat@uia.no
Phone: +47 38 14 18 20
Office: 272 (Universitetsveien 19, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway)

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Areas of responsibility

Kalanit Efrat is a Professor at the School of Business and Law at the University of Agder. She earned her Ph.D. at the School of Management at the University of Haifa (Israel).

Efrat's research hub is comprised of the following subjects: Born Globals, Crowdfunding, Competitive Intelligence, Coopetition. The common ground is International and Marketing Strategy. Her papers are published in journals such as the Journal of Business Research, Technovation, International Business Review, and International Marketing Review.

Efrat serves on the Editorial Review Board of Journal of Global Marketing and she is a reviewer for European Journal of Marketing, International Business Review and International Marketing Review. She is a frequent speaker at international conferences.

Efrat teaches at the BA, MA, MBA and Executive MBA levels. She supervised a Ph.D. at the Loughborough University in England (as part of a supervising team) and also at the University of Haifa in Israel.

Efrat is a senior lecturer of International Business at the Ruppin Academic Center (Israel). At Ruppin, she has held various leadership roles, such as Head of the Strategic Management team of lecturers, Head of the Program of Business Administration, Head of the Department of Business Administration and Head of the Marketing program.

Teaching

Research

Efrat's research hub is comprised of the following subjects - Born Globals, Crowdfunding, Competitive Intelligence, Coopetition. The common ground is International and Marketing Strategy. Her papers were published in journals such as the Journal of Business Research, Technovation, International Business Review, International Marketing Review.

Selected publications

Efrat, Kalanit, Asseraf Yoel, (2019) “A shift in perspective? The role of emotional branding in shaping Born Globals performance”, International Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2019.101589
Efrat, Kalanit, Gilboa Shaked, Sherman Arie (2019) “The role of supporter engagement in enhancing crowdfunding success”, Baltic Journal of Management - SI on crowdfunding. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-09-2018-0337
Markovich, Amiram, Efrat, Kalanit, Raban Daphne, Souchon, Anne (2019) “The Impact of Perceived Quality of Web Information on Information Use and Performance: A Knowledge-Based View”, European Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2019.04.003
Wald, Andreas, Holmesland Merete, and Efrat Kalanit (2019) “It isn’t all about Money: Obtaining additional benefits through Equity Crowdfunding”, Journal of Entrepreneurship, pp. 1-25.
Efrat, Kalanit, Hughes Paul, Nemkova Ekaterina, Souchon Anne L., and Sy-Changco Joseph (2018) “Leveraging of Dynamic export capabilities for competitive advantage and performance consequences: Evidence from China” Journal of Business Research, Vol. 84, pp. 114-124.
Efrat, Kalanit, Gilboa Shaked and Yonatany, Moshe (2017) “When Marketing and Innovation Interact – The Case of Born Global Firms”. International Business Review, Vol. 26, pp. 380-390.
Shneor, Rotem, and Efrat Kalanit (2014) "Analyzing the Impact of Culture on Average Time Spent on Social Networking Sites", Journal of Promotion Management, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 413-435.
Efrat, Kalanit (2014) "The Direct and Indirect Impact of Culture on Innovation", Technovation, Vol. 34, pp. 12-20.
Efrat, Kalanit, and Shoham Aviv (2013) "Environment and strategic interact in BGs’ choice of entry mode," International Marketing Review, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 536-558.
Efrat, Kalanit, and Shoham Aviv (2012) "Born-global firms: The differences between their short – and long-term performance drivers", Journal of World Business, Vol. 47, pp. 675-685. Winning paper – Emerald citations of excellence 2015.
Efrat, Kalanit, and Shoham Aviv (2011) "Environmental characteristics and technological capabilities' interaction in high-technology born global firms," European Journal of International Management, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 271-284.

Lunden, Emma; Ruud, Klara Elizabeth & Efrat, Kalanit (2026). The role of LinkedIn ambassadors in advancing B2B SME performance. The journal of business & industrial marketing. ISSN 0885-8624. p. 1–17. doi: 10.1108/JBIM-06-2025-0546. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit; Raban, Daphne R. & Hakim, Rozan H. (2026). Facts or Emotions? How Information Load Influences Backers’ Support in Crowdfunding. Journal of Alternative Finance. doi: 10.1177/27533743261419533. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit; Souchon, Anne L. & Asseraf, Yoel (2025). Spicing up export functions with Chutzpah – the context of market-driven and market-driving export orientations. International Marketing Review. ISSN 0265-1335. 43(1), p. 57–76. doi: 10.1108/IMR-03-2025-0116. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Purpose Exporters often struggle to differentiate themselves from competitors in the international arena. In this context, Chutzpah may present as a solution to differentiation. Drawing on the resource-based view, this research brings the fields of Chutzpah and export market orientation together. In doing so, it aims to develop an understanding of Chutzpah as an important intangible export resource and its mediating role in the relationship between export market-driven and market-driving orientations and export performance. Design/methodology/approach In total, 27 interviews with export decision-makers were conducted in Israel (Study 1). Data were analyzed using the Gioia methodology. This was followed by two separate surveys (Study 2), also with export decision-makers in Israel, with data analyzed in structural equation modeling via AMOS 29. Findings Study 1 confirmed the importance of Chutzpah to exporters and allowed the development of a definition of Chutzpah in an export context as “international firms” ability to demonstrate audacity, manifested in bold (daring/unconventional) actions in their international markets. In a market-driven context, study 2 revealed that responsiveness acts as a mediator between generation/dissemination of information and Chutzpah and that Chutzpah is positively related to customer satisfaction. In a market-driving context, innovation intensity acts as a mediator between proactiveness and Chutzpah, while risk-taking was found to be directly related to Chutzpah. Originality/value Export market orientation is increasingly insufficient to grow export performance by itself. We contribute to the literature on export market orientation by revealing how market-driven and market-driving orientations can grow performance through embedding Chutzpah in exporters' decision-making. In doing so, we bring the concept of Chutzpah into the international marketing field for the first time.
Efrat, Kalanit & Wald, Andreas Erich (2025). The role of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the internationalization of early-stage born globals. Journal of Organizational Change Management. ISSN 0953-4814. p. 1–22. doi: 10.1108/jocm-02-2025-0143. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Purpose Born global firms (BGs) face a significant challenge from inception: rapid internationalization despite limited resources. To overcome this inherent conflict, BGs often seek external resources from various actors in their entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE). However, the identities of the active actors in BGs’ EE and the resources that they provide at the foundation stage have not been established. Accordingly, this study explores the roles of various EE actors, the resources they provide, and how these resources help advance BGs’ internationalization. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected by conducting interviews with 26 experts—CEOs and senior managers of BGs and various EE actors—in three countries. The data was analyzed by three-stage content analysis. Findings The findings indicate that EEs of BGs comprise venture-related and pre-existing, personal ties that give access to internally focused and externally focused resources. The venture-related ties provide internally focused resources that help advance externally focused resources; the latter are critical for BGs’ internationalization. The externally focused resources of venture-related and pre-existing personal ties are complementary in advancing BGs’ internationalization. Originality/value Harnessing the principles of EE, the study addresses the roles of the various types of actors. It then goes a step further to verify the unique resources provided by each actor and the synergetic effects between them in advancing BGs’ internationalization.
Efrat, Kalanit; Gilboa, Shaked & Wald, Andreas Erich (2024). Loyal to the concept or to the platform? The complexity of the dual loyalty of crowdfunding backers. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. ISSN 0040-1625. 210. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123854. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Backer loyalty is an important, yet under-researched driver of crowdfunding success. The concept of loyalty in crowdfunding is particularly complex because it integrates both loyalty to crowdfunding activity and loyalty to a specific platform. Using the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) as a theoretical foundation, this study investigates how platform-related factors influence backers' distinct loyalties. A survey of 486 active crowdfunding backers with different levels of repeated activity was conducted. The findings indicate that the different loyalties of backers—platform and crowdfunding—can be explained by the central and peripheral routes of the ELM. The central route effect is more significant for loyalty to the platform, whereas loyalty to crowdfunding is influenced by elements from both the central and peripheral routes. These insights allow platform managers to promote their platforms' activity by facilitating the relevant elements.
Efrat, Kalanit & Asseraf, Yoel (2024). Born Global Maturity: Strategic Aspects and Performance Consequences. MIR. Management International Review: journal of international business. ISSN 0938-8249. 64, p. 279–302. doi: 10.1007/s11575-024-00532-w. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit; Gilboa, Shaked & Wald, Andreas Erich (2023). Crowdfunding in times of crisis – The interplay of uncertainty and backers’ well-being in small business rescue campaigns. Baltic Journal of Management. ISSN 1746-5265. 18(5), p. 703–719. doi: 10.1108/BJM-11-2022-0416. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Purpose The economic crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic seriously jeopardized small businesses. To survive, many small businesses turned to their networks by launching crowdfunding “rescue” campaigns, which were very successful in eliciting both funding and community support. This study aims to explain this success from the backers' perspective by addressing support intentions in uncertain times. The authors examine backers' paradoxical behavior by investigating the influence of ambiguity aversion (individual uncertainty), business-level uncertainty and environmental uncertainty on backers' intentions to support small businesses and the interaction of uncertainty with backers' well-being. Design/methodology/approach Survey data from 230 backers of small business rescue campaigns were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings The findings indicate that ambiguity aversion negatively dominates backers' support intentions. However, under the mediating effect of well-being, business-level and environmental uncertainties positively impact backers' intentions, whereas ambiguity aversion becomes non-significant. Originality/value Uncertainties are supposed to have a negative influence on individual well-being. By contrast, this study shows that backers' well-being is influenced by the context of the crowdfunding campaign. Uncertain conditions can provide value in addition to the benefits gained by backers from supporting crowdfunding campaigns.
Efrat, Kalanit; Gilboa, Shaked; Wald, Andreas Erich & Shneor, Rotem (2023). Loyalty and well-being explain serial crowdfunding backing behavior: an empirical test of complementary theories. Internet Research. ISSN 1066-2243. 34(4), p. 1293–1312. doi: 10.1108/INTR-09-2022-0707. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Purpose – Despite the critical contribution of serial backers in advancing crowdfunding volumes, few studies have addressed the phenomenon of serial backing. Research on the motivations of backers suggests that cognitive antecedents influence pledging in crowdfunding projects according to the theory of planned behavior. However, intrinsic factors associated with different dimensions of well-being may also explain crowdfunding support. This study seeks to advance the understanding of drivers of serial backing by combining the theory of planned behavior and the theory of well-being. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on survey data from 336 serial backers, complemented by objective data on the number of campaigns and amounts invested by backers from Headstart, the largest crowdfunding platform in Israel. The research model is tested using structural equation modeling. Findings – The findings indicate that the well-being of serial backers mediates the impact of attitude, subjective norms and social norms on their loyalty. However, while loyalty can be explained by elements of both theories, it does not translate into actual serial backing behavior. Originality/value – This study is the first to systematically explore serial backers’ motivations in crowdfunding and the influence of these motivations on their actual behavior. It combines two previously separate theories, the theory of planned behavior and the theory of well-being.
Markovich, Amiram; Raban, Daphne R. & Efrat, Kalanit (2023). The differential effect of environmental jolts and information sources on dynamic capabilities. European Management Review. ISSN 1740-4754. doi: 10.1111/emre.12631. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit; Souchon, Anne; Wald, Andreas Erich; Hughes, Paul & Cai, Jinqiu (2022). Mitigating coopetition tensions: The forgotten formation stage. European Management Review. ISSN 1740-4754. 19(4), p. 527–548. doi: 10.1111/emre.12498. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Coopetition entails tensions inherent to collaboration with competitors. This paper focuses on the coopetition formation stage and its effects on the development of tensions. We performed interviews with executives of coopeting firms, create case studies of organizations that initiate and execute coopetition agreements for other firms, and then study firms engaged in mutual coopetition. While this study confirms previous findings that coopetition formation can be deliberate or emergent, it also reveals that the two approaches differ in strategy development patterns, which influence the type and intensity of tensions, as well as the scope and sustainability of the coopetition. The deliberate approach mainly includes tensions due to lack of trust, knowledge exposure and cultural gaps, and the scope and timeframe of the coopetition are clearly delimited. Previous acquaintance and existing trust correspond to a lower intensity of tensions for the emergent approach, and the scope and timeframe are open for extension.
Markovich, Amiram; Raban, Daphne R. & Efrat, Kalanit (2022). Tailoring competitive information sources to the sequence of dynamic capabilities. Journal of Management & Organization. ISSN 1833-3672. 28(3), p. 480–501. doi: 10.1017/jmo.2022.35. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit; Souchon, Anne L.; Dickenson, Peter & Nemkova, Ekaterina (2021). Chutzpadik advertising and its effectiveness: Four studies of agencies and audiences. Journal of Business Research. ISSN 0148-2963. 137, p. 601–613. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.08.050. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit; Gilboa, Shaked & Wald, Andreas Erich (2021). The emergence of well-being in crowdfunding: A study of entrepreneurs and backers of reward and donation campaigns. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research. ISSN 1355-2554. 27(2), p. 397–415. doi: 10.1108/IJEBR-12-2019-0685. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit; Wald, Andreas Erich & Gilboa, Shaked (2021). The transition from novice to serial crowdfunders: behavioral antecedents and well-being drivers. Internet Research. ISSN 1066-2243. 32(1), p. 172–196. doi: 10.1108/INTR-06-2020-0306. Full text in Research Archive
Markovich, Amiram; Efrat, Kalanit & Raban, Daphne R. (2021). Dynamic capabilities: interrelations and distinct effects on performance in low and high competitive intensity environments. Baltic Journal of Management. ISSN 1746-5265. 16(4), p. 539–563. doi: 10.1108/BJM-10-2020-0367. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit & Øyna, Stine (2020). An interaction orientation approach to SME-Intermediaries relationships. European Management Journal. ISSN 0263-2373. 39, p. 508–540. doi: 10.1016/j.emj.2020.10.004. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit; Gilboa, Shaked & Sherman, Arie (2020). Relationship approach to crowdfunding: how creators and supporters interaction enhances projects’ success. Electronic Markets. ISSN 1019-6781. 30, p. 899–911. doi: 10.1007/s12525-020-00401-y. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit; Berliner, Daniel & Gilboa, Shaked (2020). Israeli Crowdfunding: A Reflection of Its Entrepreneurial Culture. In Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (Ed.), Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9783030463090. p. 341–372. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-46309-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Crowdfunding has its roots deep in the Israeli entrepreneurship ecosystem. Its characterizing elements of—collective individualism combined with flat social hierarchies, low degree of separation, mandatory army service that enforces innovative thinking and improvisation, Chutzpah, and finally high tolerance for failure, all provide fertile ground for entrepreneurship and facilitate innovative approaches to entrepreneurship funding such as crowdfunding. In light of this, the growth of crowdfunding in Israel is not surprising. While the equity crowdfunding leads the field, rewards and donations platforms are more known and popular, indeed the brand name of the senior rewards and donations platform ‘Headstart’ became a nickname for crowdfunding action in Israel. In this chapter we illustrate the foundations of crowdfunding in Israel, its current state, and likely future development.
Efrat, Kalanit & Gilboa, Shaked (2019). Relationship approach to crowdfunding: how creators and supporters interaction enhances projects? success. Electronic Markets. ISSN 1019-6781. 30(4), p. 899–911. doi: 10.1007/s12525-019-00391-6. Full text in Research Archive
Markovich, Amiram; Efrat, Kalanit; Raban, Daphne & Souchon, Anne (2019). Competitive intelligence embeddedness: Drivers and performance consequences. European Management Journal. ISSN 0263-2373. 37(6), p. 708–718. doi: 10.1016/j.emj.2019.04.003. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit & Asseraf, Yoel (2019). A shift in perspective? The role of emotional branding in shaping Born Globals performance. International Business Review. ISSN 0969-5931. 28(6). doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2019.101589. Full text in Research Archive
Wald, Andreas Erich; Efrat, Kalanit & Holmesland, Merete (2019). It Is Not All About Money: Obtaining Additional Benefits Through Equity Crowdfunding. Journal of Entrepreneurship. ISSN 0971-3557. 28(2), p. 270–294. doi: 10.1177/0971355719851899. Full text in Research Archive
Shneor, Rotem & Efrat, Kalanit (2015). The influence of market intelligence and marketing mix adaptation efforts on the performance of Israeli born globals. In Kirpalani, V.H. Manek & Ghauri, Pervez (Ed.), Handbook of Research on International Entrepreneurial strategy: Improving SME Performance Globally. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781783471584. p. 45–65. doi: 10.4337/9781783471584.00013. Full text in Research Archive
Shneor, Rotem & Efrat, Kalanit (2014). Analyzing the Impact of Culture on Average Time Spent on Social Networking Sites. Journal of Promotion Management. ISSN 1049-6491. 20(4), p. 413–435. doi: 10.1080/10496491.2014.930281. Full text in Research Archive

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Efrat, Kalanit & Wald, Andreas Erich (2025). Do all Born globals internationalize rapidly? Configuration and sense-making. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit; Gilboa, Shaked; Shneor, Rotem & Wald, Andreas Erich (2022). What drives serial backers in crowdfunding? An empirical test of competing theories. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit; Gilboa, Shaked & Wald, Andreas Erich (2019). Does crowdfunding drive well-being? Evidence from supporters of donation and reward campaigns. Full text in Research Archive
Berliner, Daniel; Efrat, Kalanit & Gilboa, Shaked (2019). The Israeli crowdfunding – A Reflection of its Entrepreneurial Culture. Full text in Research Archive
Wald, Andreas Erich; Holmesland, Merete & Efrat, Kalanit (2018). It isn’t all about Money: Obtaining additional benefits through Equity Crowdfunding. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit; Souchon, Anne L.; Cai, Jinqiu & Wald, Andreas Erich (2018). Forging of Coopetition Strategy:Deliberate vs. Emergent Approaches. Full text in Research Archive
Efrat, Kalanit; Markovich, Amiram; Raban, Daphne R. & Wald, Andreas Erich (2018). Web-sourced Competitive Intelligence and Embeddedness Impacting Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from Exporters vs. Non-Exporters. Full text in Research Archive
Shneor, Rotem & Efrat, Kalanit (2014). THE INFLUENCE OF MARKET INTELLIGENCE AND MARKETING MIX ADAPTATION EFFORTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ISRAELI BORN GLOBALS. Full text in Research Archive
Shneor, Rotem & Efrat, Kalanit (2012). Analyzing the Impact of Culture on Average Time Spent on Social Networking Sites. Full text in Research Archive
Shneor, Rotem & Efrat, Kalanit (2011). The Influence of Culture on the Adoption of Social Networking Sites. Full text in Research Archive
Shneor, Rotem; Tunca, Burak & Efrat, Kalanit (2011). A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Consumers' Preferences towards Brand Personality Dimensions. Full text in Research Archive

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Published Apr. 16, 2024 10:48 AM - Last modified June 11, 2026 12:27 PM