Jaziar Radianti

• Steig, Marianne Hovet; Radianti, Jaziar; Safari, Mugula Chris & Wass, Sofie (2026). Using 360-Degree Virtual Reality for Ethical Reflection in Undergraduate Social Educator Study Program : Preparing Inclusive Practitioners. In Mizza, Daria (Eds.), Adopting Virtual Reality in Inclusive Higher Education: Research-Based Principles for Design and Instruction. Routledge. ISSN 9781032699394. p. 193–217. doi: 10.4324/9781032699394-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This chapter explores the integration of 360-degree Virtual Reality (VR) immersive content as a tool for facilitating ethical reflection among undergraduate students in the social educator program at University of Agder. The VR-based intervention was integrated into the second-semester course “Practice: Functional Impairment, Environmental Work, Coping, and Welfare Technology” at a critical juncture before the students’ first clinical placement. The three-stage educational intervention comprised: (1) theoretical introduction to ethical challenges, (2) 360-degree immersive video depicting an interaction scenario between a person with intellectual disabilities and a caregiver, and (3) guided group reflection using the Systematic Ethical Reflection Model (SME). A total of 54 students across nine groups participated in the intervention, with 15 students participating in focus group interviews to evaluate their experiences. This formative evaluation reveals mixed results. Students demonstrated strong emotional engagement, empathy development, and recognition of ethical tensions related to autonomy and self-determination. However, students struggled to systematically apply ethical theories without substantial facilitator prompting, and the assessment methods did not adequately capture evidence regarding communication practices or independent use of the SME framework. The chapter identifies both promising outcomes and areas requiring pedagogical refinement, discussing practical implementation challenges (cost, technical issues, preparation needs) and pedagogical limitations (theory application, framework transfer). The chapter concludes with implications for professional education programs and recommendations for integrating VR-based ethical reflection in similar contexts, emphasizing the importance of scaffolded theoretical preparation, structured reflection protocols, and longitudinal assessment of learning transfer to clinical practice.

• Radianti, Jaziar (2026). Equity or exclusion? An alternative framework to disaster risks assessment metrics. Progress in Disaster Science. 30. doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2026.100544. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Existing disaster risk assessments often are not fully addressing the social, economic, and political factors that exacerbate vulnerabilities, leading to incomplete pictures of the situations of marginalized populations. This article looks beyond the hazard- and impact-centric nature of existing disaster risk metrics by proposing an equity-centered approach. Drawing on social justice, intersectionality, and targeted universalism theories, the study highlights the need for metrics that capture systemic inequities, overlapping vulnerabilities, and structural barriers. The article applies qualitative research, using a comparative case study, drawing upon selected disaster cases, and existing metrics used by UNDRR and humanitarian organizations. The results of the study are: 1) Equity-relevant indicators exist but are not mainstreamed, meaning social justice, intersectionality, and targeted universalism principles remain underrepresented in disaster risk metrics. 2) The gaps are also found in current global risk frameworks, such as the exclusion of stateless populations, gender-based violence, and intersectional vulnerabilities. 3) Exemplary metrics that represent social justice, intersectionality, and targeted universalism are proposed by incorporating some disaggregated data (e.g., by sex, age, disability, income) and equity-focused indicators. The study recommends harmonizing existing disaster risk reduction-oriented frameworks with humanitarian crisis metrics to create an inclusive, just approach and fairness for all.

• Radianti, Jaziar; Polikarpus, Stella; Laaniste, Priit & Gjøsæter, Terje (2025). Air-Raid Shelters – Painful Memory (from the Cold War) with New Actuality. In Seböck, Walter; Lampoltshammer, Thomas, T; Dugdale, Julie & Zeller, I (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction. 9th IFIP WG 5.15 International Conference, ITDRR 2024, Krems an der Donau, Austria, October 14–16, 2024, Revised Selected Papers. Springer Cham. ISSN 9783031971143. p. 228–243. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-97115-0_15. Full text in Research Archive
• Dhara, Prasenjit & Radianti, Jaziar (2025). Ethical and Safety Concerns for UAV-Assisted Data Collection for Disaster Management. Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. doi: 10.59297/pzjh0r49. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Emergency scenarios threaten human survival and well-being, requiring proactive risk assessment, hazard identification, and swift responses. In addition to several essential services, communication systems are very much useful for information exchange and situational assessment but are often disrupted by landslides. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), with their 3D maneuverability, can be deployed to effectively restore connectivity and collect safety data during such events. Key challenges include optimizing UAV placement as base stations and designing optimized trajectories for data collection, ensuring sufficient channel gain between UAVs and users. Estimating a propagation channel map through location-based measurements offers a potential solution. However, deploying UAVs to gather information raises ethical concerns, including safety, privacy, and moral implications. Addressing these requires a technoethics framework grounded in principles like beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, and explicability. A literature review and expert consultations can provide critical insights to navigate these challenges.

• Radianti, Jaziar (2025). Navigating Digital Resilience in Complex Emergency Management Environments. Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. doi: 10.59297/tz4wre14. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The concept of digital resilience is becoming important in emergency management, due to the immense pressure toward digital transformations and numerous cyber threats against digital infrastructure that follows. This article suggest the need for incorporating cybersecurity dimension within emergency management and digital resilience to ensure business continuity of digital infrastructure if crisis hits. ​ The reviews literature approach were conducted to decompose the digital resilience concept. This paper looks at key attributes of digital resilience, the role of technological tools, operational insights, and organizational practices in enhancing resilience. The study identifies research gaps, calling for holistic digital resilience approaches, cross-sectoral collaboration, and leveraging emerging technologies to enhance digital resilience in emergency management, derived from literature. Pre-crisis and post-crisis digital resilience strategies are examined as a basis for proposing the future research agenda.

• Wass, Sofie; Safari, Mugula Chris; Radianti, Jaziar & Steig, Marianne Hovet (2025). IMMERSIVE ENVIRONMENTS AND ETHICAL REFLECTION SKILLS–A STUDY IN HIGHER EDUCATION. Proceedings of European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study explores the use of immersive environments to cultivate ethical reflection skills among university students. To better understand the students’ deeper learning, we applied the four-component model of moral behaviour encompassing aspects of ethical sensitivity, judgement, motivation, and action. Our case involved 360-video materials delivered in head-mounted Virtual Reality (VR) devices, combined with guided group reflections, in a bachelor’s program for social educators. Data was collected through four focus group interviews. The findings indicate that the immersive environment facilitated ethical sensitivity and judgment, and when combined with group reflections, further elaborations on ethical judgment as well as motivation. However, lacking interactivity in the immersive environment limited the ability for ethical action. Based on our analysis, we propose a set of mechanisms to cultivate ethical reflection in immersive environments: evoking emotions, incorporating ambiguous actions, maintaining narrative simplicity, and creating a safe reflective space.

• Radianti, Jaziar & Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth (2025). Participatory Design for Inter-Agency Collaboration: Requirements Elicitation from Heterogeneous Stakeholders. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems (SJIS). ISSN 0905-0167. 37(1), p. 53–104. doi: 10.17705/3SJIS/037.02. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Participatory design (PD) has evolved over time to adapt to societal and technology changes, transitioning from industrial Taylorism to office teamwork, inter-organisational collaboration, and more recently to inter-agency collaboration involving increasing complexity due to the heterogeneity of user groups. This paper presents a stakeholder theory-driven PD approach for requirements elicitation for supporting inter-agency collaboration among a heterogeneous group of stakeholders with diverse roles and interests. The approach was applied for mapping stakeholders and guide the workshop process eliciting requirements of information systems support representing stakeholder management propositions-based requirements. It resulted in successful stakeholder engagement and requirements for improving several areas of inter-agency emergency management practices. We argue that the proposed stakeholder theory-driven PD approach addresses a gap in involving heterogeneous stakeholders across agencies and sectors in effective PD processes, moving from high-level needs to operational requirements.

• Nesse, Kirsti; Foss, Sindre; Gjøsæter, Terje & Radianti, Jaziar (2025). Are “Crisis Information Support Systems” Barrier-Free? Analysis of Technology-Induced Barriers to Situational Awareness. In Bui, Tung (Eds.), Proceedings of the 58th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Hilton Waikoloa Village, January 7-10, 2025. University of Hawai'i at Manoa. ISSN 9780998133188. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2025.248. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar; Polikarpus, Stella & Gjøsæter, Terje (2025). Tourists as a Vulnerable Group in Emergency Management: An Air Raid and Shelter Scenario. In Bui, Tung (Eds.), Proceedings of the 58th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Hilton Waikoloa Village, January 7-10, 2025. University of Hawai'i at Manoa. ISSN 9780998133188. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2025.243. Full text in Research Archive
• Rustenberg, Kjetil; Steen-Tveit, Kristine; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Radianti, Jaziar (2024). Collaborative Evaluation: Mapping Socio-Technical Patterns in an Emergency Exercise. Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. doi: 10.59297/38dek947. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar & Kazhanchi, Deepak (2024). Risk and Control Assurance Framework for Emergency Management Projects. In Dugdale, Julie; Gjøsæter, Terje & Uchida, Osamu (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction 8th IFIP WG 5.15 International Conference, ITDRR 2023, Tokyo, Japan, December 4–6, 2023, Revised Selected Papers. Springer. ISSN 9783031640377. p. 3–19. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-64037-7_1. Full text in Research Archive
• Rustenberg, Kjetil; Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2024). Adopting a Trading Zone Framework to Emergency Management. In Bui, Tung X. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 57th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. The Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 9780998133171. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2023.263. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Chen, Weiqin (2024). Situational Disabilities in Emergency Management – Validation of Realistic Scenarios for Training and Awareness-Raising. In Dugdale, Julie; Gjøsæter, Terje & Uchida, Osamu (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction 8th IFIP WG 5.15 International Conference, ITDRR 2023, Tokyo, Japan, December 4–6, 2023, Revised Selected Papers. Springer. ISSN 9783031640377. p. 84–97. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-64037-7_6. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar; Wass, Sofie; Steig, Marianne Hovet & Safari, Mugula Chris (2024). Exploring Immersive VR-based Emphatic Learning Using Interpersonal Reactivity Index. In Bui, Tung X. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 57th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. The Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 9780998133171. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar (2024). Vision for Emergency Management: Conceptualizing Mission-Critical Ecosystems. Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. doi: 10.59297/apxrwf42. Full text in Research Archive
• Firdaniza, NN; Ruchjana, Budi Nurani; Chaerani, Diah & Radianti, Jaziar (2023). Non-homogeneous continuous time Markov chain model for information dissemination on Indonesian Twitter users. International Journal of Data and Network Science. ISSN 2561-8148. 7(4), p. 1595–1602. doi: 10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.8.004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Nonhomogeneous Continuous-Time Markov Chain (NH-CTMC) is a stochastic process that can be used to model problems where the future state depends only on the current state and is independent of the past. The transition intensity in NH-CTMC is not constant but is a function of time. In this paper, NH-CTMC is employed to model information dissemination on Twitter, where transitions occur only from followee groups to follower groups. Information is considered spread on Twitter when followers retweet posts from their followees. The tweet-retweet process on Twitter satisfies the Markov property, as a retweet from a follower depends only on the tweet posted just before by the corresponding followee. The probability of a tweet spreading is determined by the transition intensity, assumed to be a Sigmoid function whose parameters are estimated using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). This method is applied to Twitter data from Indonesia related to discussions on Covid-19 vaccination. The results indicate that information about Covid19 vaccination on Twitter spreads rapidly from followees to followers in the first 20 hours, and then slows down after 40 hours. The NH-CTMC model outperforms the Homogeneous Continuous-Time Markov Chain (H-CTMC) approach, where the transition intensity (tweet spreading intensity) is assumed to be constant.

• Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Radianti, Jaziar (2023). Developing Information Systems for Collaborative Emergency Management: Requirements Analysis and Prototyping. In Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Murayama, Yuko (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction, 7th IFIP WG 5.15 International Conference, ITDRR 2022 - ITDRR 2022. Springer. ISSN 9783031342066. p. 153–169. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-34207-3_10. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The paper presents needs and requirements for information systems support for collaborative emergency management, developed in collaboration with emergency management stakeholders in Norway. The requirements focus on three basic elements for shared situation awareness (SA) in inter-agency emergency response: terminology harmonization, map-based common operational picture (COP), and support for evaluation and learning from incidents. Building on core design principles for emergency management information systems, prototypes have been developed for these three areas and validated with potential users. The paper contributes with a user-centric approach in identifying and designing information systems support for collaborative emergency management together with stakeholders, moving from needs to requirements to design proposals and covering core elements of COPs needed for shared SA. The collected requirements and prototypes developed may serve as a basis for further development of standardized solutions for inter-agency emergency operations.

• Rustenberg, Kjetil; Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2023). Exploring Demons for the Establishment of Team Situational Awareness. In Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; LaLone, Nicolas & Khazanchi, Deepak (Ed.), 20th Global Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference (ISCRAM 2023). ISCRAM. ISSN 9798218217495. p. 636–648. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Individual situational awareness (SA) is crucial for building team SA, which is necessary for achieving a shared understanding of a situation, making informed decisions, and taking appropriate actions. This article examines the communication barriers that emerge when transitioning from individual to team SA in emergency management scenarios. We observed two emergency exercises on "ongoing life-threatening violence" and dam failure causing hospital congestion. The study was complemented with interviews with participants of these exercises, aiming at identifying barriers called SA-demons in the team setting. We discovered barriers that hinder the establishment of team SA, including a vicious cycle of mistrust, a fragmented information trap, a false feeling of mastery trap, and a decaying memory trap. These barriers can stem from individual, organizational, or technological factors. To complement existing SA theories, we applied the Cynefin framework and found that standard operating procedures can be potential barriers when transitioning into chaotic or complex domains.

• Aarland, Mari; Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2023). Using System Dynamics to Simulate Trust in Digital supply Chain. In Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; LaLone, Nicolas & Khazanchi, Deepak (Ed.), 20th Global Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference (ISCRAM 2023). ISCRAM. ISSN 9798218217495. p. 516–529. doi: 10.59297/CAGD9224. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar; Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth; Steen-Tveit, Kristine & Rustenberg, Kjetil (2023). Enhancing Learning from Incidents by Reconstruction of Events: Using the SQUARE Tool for Evaluation. In Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; LaLone, Nicolas & Khazanchi, Deepak (Ed.), 20th Global Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference (ISCRAM 2023). ISCRAM. ISSN 9798218217495. p. 663–675. doi: 10.59297/EQKP4179. Full text in Research Archive
• Majchrzak, Tim A.; Radianti, Jaziar; Fromm, Jennifer & Gau, Michael (2022). Towards Routinely Using Virtual Reality in Higher Education. In Bui, Tung (Eds.), The proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. University of Hawai'i at Manoa. ISSN 9780998133157. p. 94–103. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2022.011. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Virtual reality promises to be a tool that can improve higher education. Immersive virtual environments offer the chance to enrich courses with experiential learning experiences. The technological possibilities evolve rapidly and more and more researchers report on adopting virtual reality for learning – albeit such work often has a more or less experimental character. However, the base of knowledge on using virtual reality in higher education is growing; educators who want to employ virtual reality to amend courses, to extend the curriculum with experiential learning, or who want to offer new content enabled through virtual reality, find increasingly rich advice. With this article, we contribute to this advice by providing insights from three research cases. Although these were experimental, their embedding into a larger project enables us to propose recommendations for educators. The ultimate aim of our work is the routine use of virtual reality in higher education.

• Magutshwa, Sindisiwe & Radianti, Jaziar (2022). Is this Digital Resilience? Insights from Adaptation and Exaptation of a Cyber-Physical-Social System. In Bui, Tung (Eds.), The proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. University of Hawai'i at Manoa. ISSN 9780998133157. p. 2441–2450. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2022.305. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper is based on a qualitative case study that explores the adaptation and customisation of a Cyber Physical Social System (CPSS)-based patient monitoring solution for use during Covid19 in the Norwegian health sector. The study seeks to answer the following research questions: 1) what are the preconditions that enable the adaptive use of a CPSS in crisis response efforts? 2) what are the contributions of the adaptive use of technology in the building of digital resilience in a health organisation? The study identifies five main themes that emerge as enabling factors forming a basis for the preconditions to adaptive use of the CPSS. We conclude with a discussion on the practical and theoretical implications of this research and how it contributes to crisis management and digital resilience theory.

• Steen-Tveit, Kristine; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Radianti, Jaziar (2022). Using live video for communication between lay bystanders and emergency dispatchers in command and control centres. International Journal of Emergency Management. ISSN 1471-4825. 17(2), p. 154–176. doi: 10.1504/IJEM.2021.122930. Full text in Research Archive
• Firdaniza, Firdaniza; Ruchjana, Budi Nurani; Chaerani, Diah & Radianti, Jaziar (2022). Information Diffusion Model in Twitter: A Systematic Literature Review. Information. 13(1). doi: 10.3390/info13010013. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Information diffusion, information spread, and influencers are important concepts in many studies on social media, especially Twitter analytics. However, literature overviews on the information diffusion of Twitter analytics are sparse, especially on the use of continuous time Markov chain (CTMC). This paper examines the following topics: (1) the purposes of studies about information diffusion on Twitter, (2) the methods adopted to model information diffusion on Twitter, (3) the metrics applied, and (4) measures used to determine influencer rankings. We employed a systematic literature review (SLR) to explore the studies related to information diffusion on Twitter extracted from four digital libraries. In this paper, a two-stage analysis was conducted. First, we implemented a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and R-bibliometrix software. This approach was applied to select 204 papers after conducting a duplication check and assessing the inclusion–exclusion criteria. At this stage, we mapped the authors’ collaborative networks/collaborators and the evolution of research themes. Second, we analyzed the gap in research themes on the application of CTMC information diffusion on Twitter. Further filtering criteria were applied, and 34 papers were analyzed to identify the research objectives, methods, metrics, and measures used by each researcher. Nonhomogeneous CTMC has never been used in Twitter information diffusion modeling. This finding motivates us to further study nonhomogeneous CTMC as a modeling approach for Twitter information diffusion.

• Sveen, Håkon Sjøberg; Østrem, Filip; Radianti, Jaziar & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2022). The CISO Role: a Mediator between Cybersecurity and Top Management. NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning. ISSN 1892-0713. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  As organizations increasingly rely on digital solutions, they also become more exposed to cybersecurity threats. Thus, cybersecurity is becoming a strategic concern for the organizations rather than merely a technological issue. However, many organizations are still not sufficiently aware of the cybersecurity risks and their mitigation. This article studies how to engage the top management more in cybersecurity in order to mitigate the risk of cybersecurity threats. In particular, we focus on the role of the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) as part of the organization’s cybersecurity strategy. We conducted qualitative interviews with nine cybersecurity professionals, including four CISOs, two CEOs, one information security leader and two information security experts. Our study shows that the CISO role is acknowledged as important for facilitating communication between the technical staff and the top management, and for making top management understand the importance of their involvement in cybersecurity. In this sense, the CISO may serve the role as a mediator related to security aspects of the organization. Further, our findings support previous research on the importance for top management to engage actively in cybersecurity matters, including operational risk management, identifying critical assets and data, and defining necessary cybersecurity controls (physical, technical and administrative).

• Sanfilippo, Filippo; Blazauskas, Tomas; Salvietti, Gionata; Ramos, Isabel; Vert, Silviu & Radianti, Jaziar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). A Perspective Review on Integrating VR/AR with Haptics into STEM Education for Multi-Sensory Learning. Robotics. 11(2). doi: 10.3390/robotics11020041. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  As a result of several governments closing educational facilities in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, almost 80% of the world’s students were not in school for several weeks. Schools and universities are thus increasing their efforts to leverage educational resources and provide possibilities for remote learning. A variety of educational programs, platforms, and technologies are now accessible to support student learning; while these tools are important for society, they are primarily concerned with the dissemination of theoretical material. There is a lack of support for hands-on laboratory work and practical experience. This is particularly important for all disciplines related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), where labs and pedagogical assets must be continuously enhanced in order to provide effective study programs. In this study, we describe a unique perspective to achieving multi-sensory learning through the integration of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) with haptic wearables in STEM education. We address the implications of a novel viewpoint on established pedagogical notions. We want to encourage worldwide efforts to make fully immersive, open, and remote laboratory learning a reality.

• Firdaniza, A; Ruchjana, Budi Nurani; Chaerani, Diah & Radianti, Jaziar (2022). Information diffusion model with homogeneous continuous time Markov chain on Indonesian Twitter users. International Journal of Data and Network Science. ISSN 2561-8148. 6, p. 659–668. doi: 10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.4.006. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this paper, a homogeneous continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) is used to model information diffusion or dissemination, also to determine influencers on Twitter dynamically. The tweeting process can be modeled with a homogeneous CTMC since the properties of Markov chains are fulfilled. In this case, the tweets that are received by followers only depend on the tweets from the previous followers. Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) in Data Mining is used to be research methodology including pre-processing, data mining process using homogeneous CTMC, and post-processing to get the influencers using visualization that predicts the number of affected users. We assume the number of affected users follows a logarithmic function. Our study examines the Indonesian Twitter data users with tweets about covid19 vaccination resulted in dynamic influencer rankings over time. From these results, it can also be seen that the users with the highest number of followers are not necessarily the top influencer.

• Radianti, Jaziar; Majchrzak, Tim A.; Fromm, Jennifer; Stieglitz, Stefan & Brocke, Jan vom (2021). Virtual Reality Applications for Higher Educations: A Market Analysis. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. 2021, p. 124–133. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2021.014. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar (2021). Experimental Command and Control Center for Crisis and Disaster Management: A Living-Lab Approach. In Sakurai, Mihoko & Shaw, Rajib (Ed.), Emerging Technologies for Disaster Resilience. Disaster Risk Reduction (Methods, Approaches and Practices). Springer. ISSN 9789811603594. p. 201–227. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-0360-0_11. Full text in Research Archive
• Magutshwa, Sindisiwe & Radianti, Jaziar (2021). A Qualitative Risk Identification Framework for Cyber-Physical-Social Systems. In Adrot, Anouck; Grace, Rob; Moore, Kathleen & Zobel, Christopher W. (Ed.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings - 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. ISCRAM Association. ISSN 9781949373615. p. 377–390. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  As information and communication technologies, real-world physical systems, and people become interconnected in critical infrastructure, attention has shifted to the operations of Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS). CPSS are progressively integrated in core critical infrastructure organisational processes to achieve a combination of benefits. However, the high degree of integration of technology into human society and mission-critical processes leads to an increase in complexity and introduces novel risks and vulnerabilities. These novel constraints extend beyond what is known from previous cyber-physical and critical infrastructure systems studies and prompt the need for revised risk perception and identification methodologies. This paper aims to develop a novel qualitative risk identification framework that is used in the identification of risk and vulnerability in CPSS ecosystems deployed in critical infrastructure or mission-critical organisational processes. The framework emphasizes interactions between humans and the system making it possible to identify and understand how non-technical risk impacts the CPSS ecosystem.

• Aarland, Mari; Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2021). Cyber-Security in Digital Metering Value Chain for Mountain Landslide Warning. In Murayama, Yuko; Velev, Dimiter & Zlateva, Plamena (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction, 5th IFIP WG 5.15 International Conference, ITDRR 2020, Sofia, Bulgaria, December 3–4, 2020, Revised Selected Papers. Springer. ISSN 9783030814694. p. 170–182. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-81469-4_14. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) are initiating a digitalization process that involves the use of a digital metering value chain and cloud computing. The main objective of this study is to investigate how NVE can ensure cyber-security in digital meters and the cloubased metering value chain for mountain landslide warning. The study is based on a qualitative approach including methods like document analysis and semi structured interviews used as input to a risk analysis based on the ISO 31000 standard. The risk analysis covered three different scenarios from NVE. Those three scenarios were internal, external Norwegian, and transnational value chains for metering landslide warning. The results of the risk analysis showed that the largest risk was loss of metering data caused by failures in complex digital value chains combined with the risk of human error. We concluded that the risk is significantly higher for the transnational digital value chains, and that the recommended risk mitigation is a combination of organizational and technical countermeasures.

• Radianti, Jaziar; Gjøsæter, Terje & Chen, Weiqin (2021). Slaying the SA-Demons – Humans vs. Technology – A Content analysis. In Adrot, Anouck; Grace, Rob; Moore, Kathleen & Zobel, Christopher W. (Ed.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings - 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. ISCRAM Association. ISSN 9781949373615. p. 946–958. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper examines Situation Awareness (SA) and the application of Endsley’s SA-Demons in different contexts and research areas. We perform content analysis to examine how they are used, and to what degree they are perceived as stemming from human-error or weaknesses in technology and if any suggestions for mitigation are primarily focused on the human or the technology side. Based on our findings, we propose Universal Design as a tool that can counter the effects of the SA-Demons by improving the usability and accessibility of SA-supporting technology and thereby removing barriers to SA, rather than challenging the users to overcome not only barriers that are a result of the complexity of the situation itself, but also additional barriers that are caused by inferior and suboptimal design of the technology in use.

• Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth; Radianti, Jaziar; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Majchrzak, Tim A. & Steen-Tveit, Kristine (2021). Turning Common Operational Picture Data into Double-loop Learning from Crises – can Vision Meet Reality? Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. 18, p. 417–430. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study proposes a framework for double-loop learning from crises, using common operational pictures (COP). In most crises, a COP is of outmost importance to gain a common understanding among inter-organizational response. A COP is sometimes expressed through a map visualization. While the technologies to support COP progress rapidly, the corresponding practice of evaluating the COP and situational awareness is not yet established. Tools that enable responders to learn after the crisis, look back in time on the COP development and detect the barriers that prevent the COP establishment, still seem absent. Double-loop learning is an organizational practice to learn from previous actions widely adopted in the safety domain, and lately used in crisis management. This paper addresses the perceived gap by presenting the technical, organizational and structural requirements derived from document analysis, observation, and a workshop with multiple crisis management stakeholders, and integrating them to an initial framework.

• Fromm, Jennifer; Radianti, Jaziar; Wehking, Charlotte; Stefan, Stieglitz; Majchrzak, Tim Alexander & Brocke, Jan vom (2021). More than experience? - On the unique opportunities of virtual reality to afford a holistic experiential learning cycle. The Internet and Higher Education. ISSN 1096-7516. 50. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2021.100804. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Virtual reality has been proposed as a promising technology for higher education since the combination of immersive and interactive features enables experiential learning. However, previous studies did not distinguish between the different learning modes of the four-stage experiential learning cycle (i.e., concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation). With our study, we contribute a deeper understanding of how the unique opportunities of virtual reality can afford each of the four experiential learning modes. We conducted three design thinking workshops with interdisciplinary teams of students and lecturers. These workshops resulted in three low-fidelity virtual reality prototypes which were evaluated and refined in three student focus groups. Based on these results, we identify design elements for virtual reality applications that afford an holistic experiential learning process in higher education. We discuss the implications of our results for the selection, design, and use of educational virtual reality applications.

• Steen-Tveit, Kristine; Radianti, Jaziar & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2020). Using Audio-Logs for Analyzing the Development of a Common Operational Picture in Multi-agency Emergency Response. In Bui, Tung X. (Eds.), Proceeding of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2020). AIS Electronic Library University of Hawai'i at Manoa Hamilton Library 2550 McCarthy Mall Honolulu, HI 96822. ISSN 9780998133133. p. 604–613. doi: 10.24251/hicss.2020.074. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Multi-agency emergency response requires effective communication and collaboration for building and maintaining a common operational picture. Full-scale exercises are shown to be effective for learning, and for training the collaborative skills needed. This paper presents a methodology for analysis of real-time communication for building the common operational picture, using audio-logs. The analysis of the audio-logs provides insights for both practitioners and researchers in the emergency management domain concerning the dynamics of inter-agency collaboration and information exchanges when responding to emergencies. Coding and categorizing of audio-log-based information exchanges among multi-agency stakeholders were applied based on a full-scale emergency exercise on multiple terror actions. The results show that the methodology can contribute to analyze the development of a common operational picture, supplementing existing methods for evaluation of full-scale emergency exercises and real events.

• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Chen, Weiqin (2020). Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management from Stakeholders’ Perspective - A Systematic Literature Review. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-020-10084-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  While Universal Design principles have been adopted in many areas to ensure that products and services are usable for the broadest possible diversity of users, there is still an open area when it comes to the emergency management domain. This article aims at providing a systematic overview of the current state of the emerging research field of Universal Design of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Emergency Management, and to highlight high-impact research opportunities to ensure that the increasing introduction of ICT in Emergency Management can contribute to removing barriers instead of adding more barriers, in particular for the elderly and people with disabilities. A systematic review on relevant literature on Universal Design, ICT and Emergency Management between 2008 and 2020 was employed using predefined frameworks, to answer the following questions: (1) Who are the target audiences (stakeholders) in research on Universal Design of ICT in Emergency Management in the different categories of Emergency Management ICT tools, and to what degree is Human-Centred Design and Universal Design taken into account? (2) What are the most important challenges and gaps in research on Universal Design of ICT in Emergency Management? We identify a set of gaps in the literature, indicating that there are some challenges where Universal Design is still limitedly addressed in technology development. We also derive promising future research topics based on areas that are missing in the literature.

• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Chen, Weiqin (2020). Towards Situational Disability-aware Universally Designed Information Support Systems for Enhanced Situational Awareness. In Hughes, Amanda; McNeill, Fiona & Zobel, Christopher W. (Ed.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Virginia Tech. ISSN 9781949373271. p. 1038–1047. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper takes on the challenge of designing situational awareness information systems that take into account not only the prevalence of so-called demons of situational awareness, but also situational disabilities that will typically occur in a disaster situation, both in the control room and in the field among the general public as well as first responders. It further outlines how a situational awareness information system process model can be adapted and used as a basis for designing situational awareness information support systems that address these issues with the help of Universal Design principles.

• Radianti, Jaziar; Majchrzak, Tim A.; Fromm, Jennifer & Wohlgenannt, Isabell (2020). A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: Design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda. Computers & Education. ISSN 0360-1315. 147. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103778. Full text in Research Archive
• Steen-Tveit, Kristine; Radianti, Jaziar & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2020). SMS-based Real-time Data Collection for Evaluation of Situational Awareness and Common Operational Picture : Lessons Learned from A Field Exercise. In Hughes, Amanda; McNeill, Fiona & Zobel, Christopher W. (Ed.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Virginia Tech. ISSN 9781949373271. p. 276–284. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Managing complex multi-agency emergency operations requires that the key actors have a holistic, correct and dynamic situational awareness (SA) and that the involved actors establish a common operational picture (COP). Establishing SA and COP are key objectives in many multi-agency exercises, however, reported research shows limitations in existing methods and approaches for collecting the data required for evaluating this. By being able to capture near real-time information during different phases of the exercise we will be better positioned to identify what works well and what does not work in the process of establishing SA and COP. Our paper presents an example of real-time data collection using SMS during a multi-agency field exercise. Overall, the results support the idea of this as an effective method for collecting real-time data for analyzing the formation of SA and a COP among actors in emergency management.

• Opach, Tomasz; Rød, Jan Ketil; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Radianti, Jaziar; Steen-Tveit, Kristine & Grottenberg, Lars Ole (2020). Map-based interfaces for common operational picture. In Hughes, Amanda; McNeill, Fiona & Zobel, Christopher W. (Ed.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Virginia Tech. ISSN 9781949373271. p. 506–516. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Common operationalpicture (COP) map-based interfacesdisplay operational information to support integrationofemergency responders. Such interfacesintegrate different subsystems and present the resulting information into an overview for enabling situation awareness. Literature shows that they are often developed from non-user-centric perspectives and are defined in technological terms that arenot adequately capturing the users’ needs. Therefore,theaim of this particular work in progressis to get insight into the features and the role of COP map-based interfaces currently being used in Norway to (1) examine theircontent, functionality, and design;and(2) to understand how such displays are incorporated into the servicecontext.This studystructuresthe knowledge on map displays that constitute part of the COP services.Using workshopand interviews with the developers and usersof existing COP map services, we identify requirements for a common operational symbology and common operational functionality to improvesuch map services andmake them interoperable.

• Giannoumis, G. Anthony; Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Paupini, Cristina (2019). Universally Designed Beacon-Assisted Indoor Navigation for Emergency Evacuations, Information Technology in Disaster Risk reduction - Third IFIP TC5 DCITDRR International Conference ITDRR 2018 Held at the 24th IFIP World Computer Congress, WCC 2018 Poznan, Poland, September 20-21, 2018 Revised Selected Papers. Springer Nature. ISSN 9783030321680. p. 120–129. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-32169-7_9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) obligates national governments to ensure the protection and safety of persons with disabilities in emergency situations. This article examines the application and accessibility of state-of-the-art ICT solutions in emergency situations. Research has indeed shown that the design and implementation of evacuation procedures in emergency situations play a critical role in ensuring personal safety and protection. While research has examined the experiences of persons including persons with disabilities in emergency situations, research has yet to examine fully the role that cutting-edge indoor navigation solutions including, for example, Internet of Things (IoT), mobile device and big data analytics hardware and software, in simultaneously ensuring the safety and protection of persons with disabilities and everyone from a universal design perspective. Emerging research on IoT indoor navigation solutions has shown that networks of low-energy Bluetooth (BLE) beacons paired with a mobile application provide a usable wayfinding solution for persons with disabilities in laboratory and controlled experimental settings. This article fills this gap by asking “To what extent can BLE networks ensure the safety and protection of persons with disabilities and everyone in simulated emergency situations? Data from a multimethod study of user experience in emergency evacuations shows that BLE beacon networks could provide a more accessible user experience for persons with disabilities and everyone to evacuate indoor environments during emergency situations.

• Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2019). Digital Volunteers in Disaster Response: Accessibility Challenges. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 11573 LNCS, p. 523–537. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-23563-5_42. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The emergence of the Digital Humanitarian Volunteer (DHV) movements when disaster strikes have drawn the attention of researchers and practitioners in the emergency management and humanitarian domain. While there are established players in this rapidly developing field, there are still unresolved challenges, including accessibility of their digital tools and platforms. The purposes of this paper are twofold. First, it describes the background, impact and future potential of the DHV movement, and discusses the importance of universal design for the digital tools and platforms used for crowdsourcing of crisis information. Second, this paper shows how lack of concern for universal design and accessibility can have significant negative impact on the practical use of these tools, not only for people with disabilities, but also for anyone and in particular the DHVs who may be affected by situational disabilities in the field in an emergency situation. The insights from the findings serve as feedback on how to improve digital humanitarian response by broadening the base of potential volunteers as well as making the related tools and platforms more reliably usable in the field.

• Wohlgenannt, Isabell; Fromm, Jenifer; Stieglitz, Stefan; Radianti, Jaziar & Majchrzak, Tim A. (2019). Virtual Reality in Higher Education: Preliminary Results from a Design-Science-Research Project. Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Information Systems Development (ISD). Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9782957187607. Full text in Research Archive
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Radianti, Jaziar; Rød, Jan Ketil; Opach, Tomasz; Snaprud, Mikael & Pilemalm, Sofie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Sharing incident and threat information for common situational understanding. Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. 2019-May, p. 1357–1363. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper presents the INSITU research project initiated to provide a systematic approach for effective sharing, integration and use of information from different sources, to establish a common operational picture (COP) and shared situational understanding among multiple actors in emergency response. The solution developed will provide an interactive map display, integrating harmonisation of terminology and collaboration support for information sharing and synthesis. The enhanced COP will also support evaluation and learning from exercises and incidents. The project involves close collaboration with emergency management stakeholders in Norway, for requirements analysis, participatory design, and validation of project deliverables. The research will improve information sharing and decision support in emergency operations centres, which will contribute to improve societal resilience through more effective response capability.

• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Chen, Weiqin (2019). Understanding situational disabilities and situational awareness in disasters. Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. 2019-May, p. 940–949. Full text in Research Archive
• Tunold, Siv; Radianti, Jaziar; Gjøsæter, Terje & Chen, Weiqin (2019). Perceivability of Map Information for Disaster Situations for People with Low Vision. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 11572 LNCS, p. 342–352. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-23560-4_25. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Digital maps have become increasingly popular in disaster situation to provide overview of information. However, these maps have also created barriers for many people, particularly people with visual impairments. Existing research on accessible maps such as tactile and acoustic maps focuses on providing solutions for blind persons to be able to perceive the information digital maps present. For people with low vision, who often rely on magnifier, good contrast and good navigation support, current digital map solutions present many challenges. In this paper we have studied two types of digital maps and their related surrounding text in the home page of disaster applications. The study focused on perceivability of the information provided by the maps. To investigate this, we have adopted a mix-method approach and performed heuristic testing combined with expert testing by a user with low vision. Based on the evaluation we have made a number of recommendations to improve the perceivability, which can further enhance the accessibility of the maps.

• Radianti, Jaziar; Gjøsæter, Terje & Chen, Weiqin (2019). Universal Design of Information Sharing Tools for Disaster Risk Reduction. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. ISSN 1868-4238. 516, p. 81–95. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-18293-9_8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Disaster information sharing tools are an important aspect of disaster resilience, and it is of utmost importance that these tools are accessible and usable for as many potential users as possible. In this paper, we evaluate the accessibility of a selection of tools for crowdsourcing disaster situation information. As our evaluation shows that the selected tools are not fully accessible, we provide recommendations for mitigation, as well as highlight the importance of further research in this area.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Opach, Tomasz; Pilemalm, Sofie; Radianti, Jaziar; Rød, Jan Ketil & Snaprud, Mikael (2019). Sharing information for common situational understanding in emergency response. In Johannesson, Paul; Ågerfalk, Pär J. & Helms, Remko (Ed.), Proceedings of the 27th European Conferenceon Information Systems (ECIS), Stockholm & Uppsala, Sweden, June 8-14, 2019. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9781733632508. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Emergency responders lack support to effectively share information and establish a common operational picture COP), for reaching shared situational understanding of threats and incidents. This challenge is multifaceted: lack of a systematic overview of information elements that are critical to share in different crisis scenarios; no common map interface in place using standard symbols; and different terminologies used across disciplines, resulting in possible communication and coordination problems. The paper presents a research project initiated to provide a systematic approach for effective sharing, integration and use of information from different sources, to establish a COP and shared situational understanding among multiple actors in emergency response. The solution to be developed will provide a common map-based interface, integrating harmonisation of terminology and collaboration support for information sharing and synthesis. The enhanced COP will also support evaluation and learning from exercises and incidents. The project involves close collaboration with emergency management stakeholders in Norway, for requirements analysis, participatory design, and validation of project deliverables. The research will improve information sharing and decision support in emergency operations centres, which will contribute to improve societal resilience through more effective response capability.

• Marana, Patricia; Eden, Colin; Eriksson, Henrik; Grimes, Clara; Hernantes, Josune & Howick, Susan [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2019). Towards a resilience management guideline — Cities as a starting point for societal resilience. Sustainable Cities and Society (SCS). ISSN 2210-6707. 48. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101531. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; Boersma, Kees; Noori, Nadia Saad; Belbachir, Nabil & Stieglitz, Stefan (2019). Enhancing Disaster Response for Hazardous Materials Using Emerging Technologies: The Role of AI and a Research Agenda. Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS). ISSN 1865-0929. 1000, p. 368–376. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-20257-6_31. Full text in Research Archive
• Steen-Tveit, Kristine & Radianti, Jaziar (2019). Analysis of Common Operational Picture and Situational Awareness during Multiple Emergency Response Scenarios. In Franco, Zeno; Gonzalez, Jose J & Jose, Canos (Ed.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, Valencia, May 19-22 2019. ISCRAM. ISSN 9788409104987. p. 199–208. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogen, Svein Even & Radianti, Jaziar (2018). Architecture of High Fidelity Simulation Tool for Crisis Management Training, 2018 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781538666388. doi: 10.1109/ICT-DM.2018.8636386. Full text in Research Archive
• AlSalamah, Shada Abdullah; AlSalamah, Hessah A.; Radianti, Jaziar; Alqahtani, Sakher; Nouh, Thamer Adnan & Abomhara, Mohamed Ali Saleh [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Information Requirements for Disaster Victim Identification and Emergency Medical Services:Hajj Crowd Disaster Case Study. In Boersma, Kees & Tomaszewski, Brian (Ed.), 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2018. ISCRAM Association. ISSN 9780692127605. p. 861–873. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar; Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S. & Gonzalez, Jose J (2018). A Conceptual System Dynamics Maturity Model of City Resilience. In Bui, Tung (Eds.), Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2018 (HICSS-51). Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9780998133119. p. 2321–2330. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2018.291. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2018). Metrics for Ensuring Security and Privacy of Information Sharing Tools for Improved City Resilience: A Review Approach. International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (IJISCRAM). ISSN 1937-9390. 9(3). doi: 10.4018/IJISCRAM.2017070103. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  City resilience is a pressing issue worldwide since the majority of the population resides in urban areas. When disaster strikes, the consequences will be more severe in the cities. To achieve resilience, different organizations, agencies and the public should share information during a disaster. ICT-based community engagement is used for strengthening resilience. The authors propose a set of metrics for assessing the security and privacy of information sharing tools for resilience. They then apply the selected metrics to a selection of information sharing tools. The authors’ main finding is that most of them are reasonably well protected, but with less than private default settings. They discuss the importance of security and privacy for different important categories of users of such systems, to better understand how these aspects affect the willingness to share information. Security and privacy is of particular importance for whistleblowers that may carry urgent information, while volunteers and active helpers are less affected by the level of security and privacy.

• Radianti, Jaziar (2018). Experience from Indoor Fire Search and Rescue Game Design for Technology Testing, Advances in Human Factors in Wearable Technologies and Game Design- Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conferences on Human Factors and Wearable Technologies, and Human Factors in Game Design and Virtual Environments. Springer. ISSN 9783319946191. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-94619-1_25. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar; Martinez, Santiago; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Konnestad, Morgan (2018). Co-design of a Virtual Training Tool with Emergency Management Stakeholders for Extreme Weather Response, Design, User Experience, and Usability: Theory and Practice - 7th International Conference, DUXU 2018. Springer. ISSN 9783319917962. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-91797-9_14. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Chen, Weiqin (2018). Universal design of ICT for emergency management: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 10907 LNCS, p. 63–74. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92049-8_5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The primary objectives of this article are to give a systematic overview of the current state of the emerging research field of Universal Design of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Emergency Management, and to highlight high-impact research opportunities to ensure that the increasing introduction of ICT in Emergency Management can contribute to removing barriers instead of adding more barriers, in particular for the elderly and people with disabilities. A systematic review on various literature with respect to Universal Design, ICT and Emergency Management between 2008 to 2018 was employed in this study, and reviewed systematically using a predefined framework. The ultimate goal of this effort is to answer the following questions: 1) How strong is the coverage of research on Universal Design of ICT in Emergency Management in the different categories of Emergency Management ICT tools? 2) What potential next steps in research on Universal Design of ICT in Emergency Management have the highest potential impact in terms of improved Emergency Management and reduced Disaster Risk? We identify a set of gaps in the literature, indicating that there are some challenges where Universal Design is not so much taken into account in the technology development to support the different phases of the crisis management cycle. We also derive a research agenda based on areas that are missing in the literature, to serve a future research in the area of universal design and Emergency Management.

• Gjøsæter, Terje & Radianti, Jaziar (2018). Evaluating Accessibility and Usability of an Experimental Situational Awareness Room, Advances in Design for Inclusion, Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Design for Inclusion. Springer. ISSN 9783319946214. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-94622-1_21. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  New advanced emergency management facilities such as a control room which is equipped with advanced ICT technologies should consider universal design principles and ensure the accessibility and usability of some important technical functions available in the room. This paper aims at evaluating the accessibility and usability of an experimental control room. This room has a flexible architecture, i.e., the information displays are interchangeable through drag-drop system on a control-panel. We used a complementary heuristic and user testing approach. A video analysis, open questionnaire and discussion with testers were applied to detect technology usage barriers. The results show that the proprietary control tablet and its setup has some room for improvement. Our approach can examine the sources of difficulties of our testers, especially on linking the information sources, machines and wall or desk displays. Several recommendations are outlined to be a basis for developing guidelines for future usage of this room.

• Radianti, Jaziar (2017). Towards European Dimensions of City Resilience. In Murayama, Yuko; Velev, Dimiter; Zlateva, Plamena & Gonzalez, Jose J (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction First IFIP TC 5 DCITDRR International Conference, ITDRR 2016. Springer. ISSN 9783319684857. p. 104–118. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-68486-4_9. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Jose J; Bang, Magnus; Eden, Colin; Gimenez, Raquel; Hernantes, Josune & Howick, Susan [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2017). Stalking Resilience - Cities as Vertebrae in Society’s Resilience Backbone. In Murayama, Yuko; Velev, Dimiter; Zlateva, Plamena & Gonzalez, Jose J (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction First IFIP TC 5 DCITDRR International Conference, ITDRR 2016. Springer. ISSN 9783319684857. p. 31–45. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-68486-4_4. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Jose J; Bång, Magnus; Eden, Colin; Gimenez, Raquel; Hernantes, Josune & Howick, Susan [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2017). Stalking Resilience: Cities as Vertebrae in Society’s Resilience Backbone. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. ISSN 1868-4238. 501, p. 31–45. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-68486-4_4. Full text in Research Archive
• Iturriza, Marta; Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S.; Labaka, Leire; Radianti, Jaziar; Sarriegi, Jose M. & Gonzalez, Jose J (2017). Smart Mature Resilience, System Dynamics Based Interactive Learning Environment: A Beta Version. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering (IJSSE). ISSN 2041-9031. 7(3), p. 367–379. doi: 10.2495/SAFE-V7-N3-367-379. Full text in Research Archive
• Snaprud, Mikael; Radianti, Jaziar & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2017). SAMTERM: Terminologi for samordnet krisehåndtering, NORDTERM 20 Hvem er brukerne av terminologiske ressurser – og hvordan når vi ut til dem?. Språkrådet. ISSN 9788293424079. p. 152–159. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2017). Secure and Privacy-Preserving Information Sharing for Enhanced Resilience, Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management in Mediterranean Countries. Springer. ISSN 9783319676333. p. 204–219. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-67633-3_17. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  City resilience is a pressing issue worldwide since the majority of the population resides in urban areas. When disaster strikes, the consequences will be more severe in the cities. To achieve resilience, different entities and the public should share information during a disaster. ICT-based Community engagement is used for strengthening resilience. We suggest easy-to-use metrics for assessing the security and privacy of information sharing platforms for resilience, and apply them to selected platforms. Most of them are reasonably well-protected, but with less than private default settings. We discuss the importance of security and privacy for different important categories of users of such systems, to better understand how these aspects affect the willingness to share information. Security and privacy is of particular importance for whistle-blowers that may carry urgent information, while volunteers and active helpers are less affected by the level of security and privacy.

• Radianti, Jaziar; Tronslien, Mattias Nielsen; Moland, Max Emil Odd; Kulmus, Christian & Thomassen, Kristoffer (2017). A Crisis Management Serious Game for Responding Extreme Weather Event, Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management in Mediterranean Countries. Springer. ISSN 9783319676333. p. 131–146. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-67633-3_11. Full text in Research Archive
• Snaprud, Mikael; Radianti, Jaziar & Svindseth, Dag (2017). Better Access to Terminology for Crisis Communications. In Murayama, Yuko; Velev, Dimiter; Zlateva, Plamena & Gonzalez, Jose J (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction First IFIP TC 5 DCITDRR International Conference, ITDRR 2016. Springer. ISSN 9783319684857. p. 93–103. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-68486-4_8. Full text in Research Archive
• Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S.; Radianti, Jaziar; Snaprud, Mikael & Krogstie, John (2016). Simulation Models in eGovernment using System Dynamics: A Literature Survey. In Cunningham, Paul & Cunningham, Miriam (Ed.), 2016 IST-Africa Conference. IEEE Press. ISSN 9781905824557. doi: 10.1109/istafrica.2016.7530678. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  System Dynamics (SD) is a method to build simulation models using computers, to study the behaviour of systems, and apply what-if scenarios aiming at achieving optimal policy design. To have an overview of the current state-of-the-art of SD use in the eGovernment field; we have surveyed related literature. Our main goal is to uncover the possibilities for future research by clarifying the shortages. The identified literature is not very large. In most of the literature, SD models use was limited to SD practitioners. We discovered low usage of Group Model Building and workshops despite their usefulness in involving non-SD practitioners in the model building process. Additionally, there is a large untapped potential in using Interactive Learning Environment, in spite of its importance in involving non-technical users in conducting what-if scenario testing, and changing users’ mental models by uncovering the underlying system structure.

• Shephard, Grace Elizabeth; Dalen, Kari; Peldszus, Regina; Aparicio, Sara; Beumer, Larissa & Birkeland, Roger [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2016). Assessing the added value of the recent declaration on unregulated fishing for sustainable governance of the central Arctic Ocean. Marine Policy. ISSN 0308-597X. 66, p. 50–57. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.01.013. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The ‘Declaration concerning the prevention of unregulated high seas fishing in the central Arctic Ocean’ signed by the Arctic 5 nations, limits unregulated high seas fishing in the central part of the Arctic Ocean, and holds potential social, economic and political impacts for numerous stakeholders. In this paper, the four Interim Measures in the Declaration are discussed and what value these measures bring beyond the existing international agreements is explored. It is found that even though the Declaration fills a gap in the management of potential fish stocks in the central Arctic Ocean, adopts an appropriate precautionary approach and encourages joint research activities, there are both opportunities and challenges connected to its implementation. The most valuable and urgent Interim Measure is that of joint scientific cooperation, which will facilitate more region-specific research and an increased understanding of the fisheries as well as the broader Arctic environment. Furthermore, the research generated by this measure will provide an important decision base for both regulation and management of human activity in the Arctic.

• Radianti, Jaziar; Hiltz, Starr Roxanne & Labaka, Leire (2016). An overview of public concerns during the recovery period after a major earthquake: Nepal twitter analysis. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. 2016-March, p. 136–145. doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2016.25. Full text in Research Archive
• Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S.; Radianti, Jaziar; Snaprud, Mikael & Krogstie, John (2016). Disabled People from Welfare to Jobs: An Interactive Learning Environment Experimental Investigation, 34th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society 2016. System Dynamics Society. ISSN 9781510830202. p. 1–27. Full text in Research Archive
• Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S.; Radianti, Jaziar; Snaprud, Mikael & Krogstie, John (2016). Experimentation with a System Dynamics Based Interactive Learning Environment: A Case Study of Accessibility of Norwegian Municipalities Websites. International Journal of Simulation. Systems, Science and Technology. ISSN 1473-8031. 17(35), p. 29.1–29.11. doi: 10.5013/IJSSST.a.17.35.29. Full text in Research Archive
• Nunavath, Vimala; Prinz, Andreas; Comes, Tina & Radianti, Jaziar (2016). Representing fire emergency response knowledge through a domain modelling approach. NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. ISSN 1892-0748. 24(1). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  When any kind of emergency occurs, Emergency Responders (ERs) from different emergency organizations (such as police, fire, ambulance and municipality) have to act concurrently to solve the difficulties which are posed at the emergency site. Moreover, during the immediate response, getting the awareness of the situation is very crucial for ERs to lessen the emergency impacts such as loss of life and damage to the property. However, this can only be done when ERs get access to the information in timely manner and share the acquired information with one another during emergency response. Despite ERs share knowledge with one another they have to use same concepts to obtain the semantic understanding in order to perform actions for achieving goals. In addition, the success of the emergency response lies on the ERs’ coordination and their interoperability (information systems interoperability). Therefore, in this paper we provide a formal structure to the concepts that describes the building fire emergency management domain in order to provide a common semantic understanding for ERs. In our study, domain modelling approach has been used to represent the concepts formally. The presented results combine the knowledge from semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and through literature review. The developed domain model includes four aspects: i) characteristics of the event, ii) actors involved, iii) goals to achieve and iv) Building characteristics. Besides, the developed domain model serves as a foundational component to create an information system to unify, facilitate and expedite access to emergency related information for facilitating data exchange format and enable knowledge sharing among different emergency actors.

• Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S.; Radianti, Jaziar; Snaprud, Mikael & Krogstie, John (2016). Accessibility of Norwegian Municipalities Websites: An Interactive Learning Environment Experimental Investigation. In Al-Dabass, David; Orsoni, Alessandra; Cant, Richard & Jenkins, Glenn (Ed.), 2016 UKSim-AMSS 18th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781509008872. p. 209–214. doi: 10.1109/UKSim.2016.16. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Accessibility is an important aspect of websites generally and public websites particularly. Many ways could be proposed to enhance accessibility, however the impact of selected actions is hard to predict due to diversification and contradiction, in addition to the existence of the time factor. A System Dynamics simulation model including factors affecting the accessibility of Norwegian municipal websites was encapsulated in an Interactive Learning Environment (ILE). As the model promised to be able to change how users think and take decisions, this ILE was tested by users in an experiment. We have conducted α, β, and γ change analysis on the results of this experiment. Results showed that the ILE was successful in changing 50% of its users’ understanding and perceptions about the system’s causal relationships and policy options, and helping 30% redefining the standards they use to assess or evaluate these relationships and policy options.

• Nunavath, Vimala; Radianti, Jaziar; Comes, Tina & Prinz, Andreas (2016). The Impacts of ICT Support on Information Distribution, Task Assignment for Gaining Teams’ Situational Awareness in Search and Rescue Operations. In Thampi, Sabu M; Bandyopadhyay, Sanghamitra; Krishnan, Sri; Li, Kuan-Ching; Mosin, Sergey & Ma, Maode (Ed.), Advances in Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems: Proceedings of Second International Symposium on Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems (SIRS-2015) December 16-19, 2015, Trivandrum, India. Springer. ISSN 9783319286587. p. 443–456. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28658-7_38. Full text in Research Archive
• Lazreg, Mehdi Ben; Radianti, Jaziar & Granmo, Ole-Christoffer (2015). SmartRescue: Architecture for Fire Crisis Assessment and Prediction. In Palen, Leysia; Büscher, Monika; Comes, Tina & Hughes, Amanda (Ed.), 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. ISCRAM. ISSN 9788271177881. Full text in Research Archive
• Sarshar, Parvaneh; Nunavath, Vimala & Radianti, Jaziar (2015). On the Usability of Smartphone Apps in Emergencies. In Kurosu, Masaaki (Eds.), Human-Computer Interaction: Interaction Technologies 17th International Conference, HCI International 2015. Springer. ISSN 9783319209159. p. 765–774. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20916-6_70. Full text in Research Archive
• Sarshar, Parvaneh; Nunavath, Vimala & Radianti, Jaziar (2015). A Study on the Usage of Smartphone Apps in Fire Scenarios: Comparison between GDACSmobile and SmartRescue apps, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems - (Volume 2). SciTePress. ISSN 9789897580970. p. 469–474. doi: 10.5220/0005466304690474. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Bouhmala, Noureddine; Sarshar, Parvaneh & Gonzalez, Jose J (2015). Comparing Different Crowd Emergency Evacuation Models Based on Human Centered Sensing Criteria. International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (IJISCRAM). ISSN 1937-9390. 6(3), p. 53–70. doi: 10.4018/IJISCRAM.2014070104. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar; Lazreg, Mehdi Ben & Granmo, Ole-Christoffer (2015). Fire simulation-based adaptation of SmartRescue App for serious game: Design, setup and user experience. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. ISSN 0952-1976. 46, p. 312–325. doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2015.06.012. Full text in Research Archive

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• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Murayama, Yuko (2023). Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction, 7th IFIP WG 5.15 International Conference, ITDRR 2022 - ITDRR 2022. Springer. ISBN 9783031342066. 376 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; LaLone, Nicolas & Khazanchi, Deepak (2023). 20th Global Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference (ISCRAM 2023). ISCRAM. ISBN 9798218217495. 1084 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Murayama, Yuko (2023). Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer. ISBN 9783031342073. 500 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Negre, Elsa; Radianti, Jaziar; Gjøsæter, Terje; Bénaben, Frédérick & Dugdale, Julie (2025). Introduction to the Minitrack on Disaster Information, Resilience, for Emergency and Crisis Technologies. In Bui, Tung (Eds.), Proceedings of the 58th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Hilton Waikoloa Village, January 7-10, 2025. University of Hawai'i at Manoa. ISSN 9780998133188. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar & Khazanci, Deepak (2023). Risk and Control Assurance Framework for Emergency Management Projects. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar (2021). Future Full-Scale Digital Exercise for Emergency Management. Full text in Research Archive
• Sanfilippo, Filippo; Blažauskas, Tomas; Salvietti, Gionata; ramos, isabel; Vert, Silviu & Radianti, Jaziar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Integrating VR/AR with Haptics into STEM Education. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  About 80% of the world's students are not in school as a result of many countries shutting educational institutions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. To address this challenge, schools and universities are stepping up their efforts to leverage educational resources and offer remote learning opportunities. Many educational applications, platforms, and tools are available to facilitate student learning during periods of school closure. While these approaches provide critical support to society, they are mostly focused on the transfer of theoretical content. There is a lack of support for hands-on laboratory work and practical experience. This is especially relevant for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) departments, which must constantly improve their labs and pedagogical resources to offer meaningful study plans. In this paper, we present a novel perspective for a sustainable integration of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) with haptic wearables into STEM education to achieve multi-sensory learning. We highlight a unique viewpoint on existing pedagogical concepts and discuss the implications. We seek to stimulate global efforts towards the achievement of fully-immersive, open, and distance laboratory learning.

• Aarland, Mari; Gjøsæter, Terje & Radianti, Jaziar (2020). Cyber-Security in Digital Metering Value Chain for Mountain Landslide Warning. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar (2018). Artificial Intelligence and Disaster Management. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Chen, Weiqin (2018). Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management: A Research Agenda. Full text in Research Archive
• Snaprud, Mikael; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Radianti, Jaziar (2018). A novel approach to harmonize terminologies. Full text in Research Archive
• Snaprud, Mikael; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Radianti, Jaziar (2017). Terminologi som redder liv. Full text in Research Archive
• Snaprud, Mikael & Radianti, Jaziar (2016). Better Access to Terminology for Crisis Communications. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar (2016). Towards European Dimensions of City Resilience. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar (2016). Better Access to Terminology for Crisis Communications. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar & Granmo, Ole-Christoffer (2015). CIEM Emergency ManagementLiving-Lab: Concepts and Design for Research, Innovation and Knowledge Exchange. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Lazreg, Mehdi Ben; Sarshar, Parvaneh & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2015). SmartRescue and SmartEMIS – Introducing CIEM. Full text in Research Archive
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Gjøsæter, Terje; Hagen, Dag Auby; Opach, Tomasz; Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth & Radianti, Jaziar [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Evaluering av INSITU skogbrannøvelse. Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 9788284270500. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  SAMRISK-prosjektet INSITU ledet av Senter for integrert krisehåndtering (CIEM) ved Universitetet i Agder arrangerte en digital tabletop-øvelse 7.-8. april 2021. Hensikt med øvelsen var å gi erfaring med hvordan situasjonsbilde kan deles fra innsatsleder til sentrale myndigheter med bruk av felles digital kartstøtte. Scenario for øvelsen omfattet 3 samtidige skogbranner i Agder, lokalisert i Kvinesdal, Kristiansand og Arendal. Dreiebok ble utarbeidet av brannsjefene ved Brannvesenet Sør IKS, Kristiansandsregionen brann og redning IKS og Østre Agder brannvesen, i samarbeid med assisterende fylkesberedskapssjef ved Statsforvalteren i Agder. I alle tre brannscenarioene var kritisk infrastruktur truet og i Kristiansand var også sykehuset berørt av røyk. Ansvarlige etater for berørt infrastruktur ble derfor også aktivert i øvelsen. Totalt omfattet øvelsen ca. 70 deltagere fra 20 etater og organisasjoner, i tillegg til prosjektgruppen fra INSITU. Øvelsen ga deltagerne mulighet til å prøve ut deling av situasjonsbilde ved bruk av DSB kartmodul for skogbrann, som eksempel på mer samordnet bruk av kartstøtte. I tillegg ble Nødnett benyttet, med mulighet for bruk av en felles talegruppe for alle deltagerne. I forkant av øvelsen ble det lagt ut en nettbasert opplæringspakke med instruksjonsvideoer og oppgaver, og på øvelsens første dag ble det gjennomført ytterligere opplæring og oppgaveløsning i form av en halvdags sesjon i MS Teams. Evaluering fra øvelsen er basert på observasjon under øvelsen, spørreundersøkelser i etterkant av opplæring og øvelse, og gruppeintervjuer med representanter for deltagerorganisasjonene. Deltagerne gir tilbakemelding om en godt planlagt og gjennomført øvelse med et realistisk scenario. Øvelsen har bidratt til helhetsforståelse av behov for samvirke mellom aktører på ulike nivå i en større skogbrann, og synliggjort potensiale for deling av situasjonsbilde ved bruk av felles digitalt kartgrunnlag i kombinasjon med bruk av Nødnett. Videre har øvelsen gitt detaljerte innspill til videre utvikling av DSBs kartsystem, og synliggjort behov for videre utvikling av rutiner og maler for informasjonsutveksling mellom ulike nivå. INSITU-prosjektet vil bidra til videre oppfølging av læringspunkter fra øvelsen, i samarbeid med de involverte aktører.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Opach, Tomasz; Radianti, Jaziar; Rød, Jan Ketil; Snaprud, Mikael & Grottenberg, Lars Ole [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Project report: Requirements specification. Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 9788271179816. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The SAMRISK project “Sharing incident and threat information for common situational understanding“ (INSITU) commenced in May 2019. The INSITU project develops solutions for establishing a common situational understanding in complex operations requiring collaboration between several agencies. This involves systematic analysis of existing information sources and defining the information elements that are critical to share in different phases of a crisis situation. In addition, the project will develop procedures and related tool support for efficient collection and integration of information. As part of this work, the project contributes to harmonisation of terminology across agencies to secure effective communication. A map-based interface for display of information from different digital map resources will be developed, as a basis for a common operational picture (COP). This solution will also support evaluation and learning from incidents and emergency exercises. Based on a review of related research, the report briefly summarises the state of the art for the areas focused in the project. Through interviews and discussions with emergency stakeholders, field observation during an exercise, and field visits at operations centres, current practice for information sharing and establishing a COP is analysed. Based on the expressed needs from the emergency stakeholders and our analysis of current practice, the report specifies a set of requirements for information sharing, harmonisation of terminology, use of common map resources, and technology support for evaluation and learning from incidents.

• Labaka, Leire; Iturriza, Marta; Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S. & Radianti, Jaziar (2017). System Dynamics Simulation Model: City Resilience Dynamics Tool. Smart Mature Resilience EU H2020 Projekt. Full text in Research Archive

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