Ilias Pappas

• Khalid, Muhammad Irfan; Pappas, Ilias; Mahmoud, Moatasim & Rizou, Stamatia (2026). Ethical and Regulatory Challenges of Metaverse Marketing: Empirical Insights from Experts and Practitioners. 17th Scandinavian Conference on Information Systems (SCIS). doi: https:/aisel.aisnet.org/scis2026/10/. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Marketing in the metaverse is growing rapidly and so are the ethical problems that come with it. Platforms like Roblox, Meta Horizon and Decentraland collect detailed biometric and behavioral data from users as part of their marketing infrastructure, yet existing EU regulations: the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Digital Markets Act, (DMA) and Digital Services Act (DSA) were not designed with these environments in mind. This gap leaves marketers, developers and regulators unsure of how to act. We interviewed 17 experts from three groups including technology developers, marketing professionals and legal and policy specialists to understand how metaverse marketing works in practice and where current rules fall short. Our analysis directed by Gioia methodology produced four aggregate dimensions: data privacy strains in immersive marketing, transparency and ethical gaps in immersive advertising, jurisdiction and accountability gaps and the need for adaptive regulatory frameworks. Together, these dimensions indicate that consumer protection in immersive environments requires both incremental adaptation of existing laws and the co-creation of ethics-by-design practices.

• Khalid, Muhammad Irfan; Pappas, Ilias; Mahmoud, Moatasim & Rizou, Stamatia (2026). Understanding Stakeholder Divergence in Ethical and Regulatory Perceptions of Metaverse Marketing: Evidence from a Qualitative Study. UK Academy for Information Systems Conference . doi: https:/aisel.aisnet.org/ukais2026/18/. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study investigates how developers, marketers and regulators perceive ethical and regulatory challenges in metaverse marketing. As immersive digital environments expand, they offer novel engagement opportunities while at the same time raising concerns about privacy, manipulation and platform governance. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 participants across these stakeholder groups and analyzed the data using thematic analysis. Results reveal role-specific differences: developers emphasize technical feasibility and the need for regulatory clarity; marketers focus on creative innovation and brand safety; regulators prioritize user protection and enforcement of legal frameworks. While all stakeholders agree that trust and safety are crucial for sustainable metaverse marketing, they diverge on data practices, responsibility allocation and the scope of regulation. By providing one of the first multi-stakeholder empirical studies in this area, our research contributes to stakeholder theory and platform governance by highlighting the importance of collaborative approaches to ensure ethically responsible and legally robust metaverse marketing ecosystems.

• Khalid, Muhammad Irfan; Pappas, Ilias; Mahmoud, Moatasim & Rizou, Stamatia (2026). The Convergence of Digital Marketing, Ethics, and the Metaverse: An Integrative Systematic Literature Review of Reviews. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction. 18(2), p. 269–318. doi: 10.17705/1thci.00245. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Driven by advances in augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and artificial intelligence (AI), the metaverse has begun to reshape digital marketing while raising complex ethical challenges. We conducted a systematic literature review to analyze 50 peer-reviewed literature reviews (2019–2024) from Scopus and AISeL with a focus on digital marketing, branding, and the metaverse. We mapped objectives, themes, contribution types, publication outlets, and methodologies based on which we identified most contributions as theoretical (68%) followed by empirical (16%), methodological (12%), and opinion based (4%), while PRISMA emerged as the dominant reporting standard. Through a meta-synthesis, we identified and analyzed four core ethical dimensions: privacy, transparency, authenticity, and fairness. By integrating insights across fragmented domains, the review highlights how these ethical challenges intersect and require interdisciplinary responses that involve marketers, platform providers, policymakers, and consumers. We advance theoretical implications by linking immersive marketing to foundational perspectives such as privacy theory, media richness, self-determination, and algorithmic transparency while also outlining nine actionable implications for practice and future research. In doing so, we establish a foundation for responsible, inclusive, and sustainable digital marketing in the metaverse.

• Feng, Shan; Mäntymäki, Matti & Pappas, Ilias (2026). Sleep tracking: an integrative review, conceptual framework and future research agendas. Behaviour and Information Technology. ISSN 0144-929X. doi: 10.1080/0144929X.2026.2621789. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Sleep tracking has become a growing area of self-tracking, yet the breadth of users’ interactions with sleep-tracking technology has not been comprehensively synthesised. To address this gap, this study analyzes 51 empirical research articles following a three-phase literature review process. Guided by a human–computer interaction framework, we organised the extant research into five components: (1) user, (2) sleep-tracking technology, (3) use context along with corresponding tasks, (4) use and impact (user-oriented outcomes) and (5) design insight (technology-oriented outcomes). The first three components represent the antecedents of sleep tracking, while the latter two capture its outcomes. Based on these insights, we present a synthesising framework to elucidate current research concerning users’ interactions with sleep-tracking technology. Drawing upon our findings, we propose two future research agendas for research design: (1) balancing qualitative with quantitative methods and (2) strengthening theoretical foundations. For future research topics, we put forward four agendas: (1) respect for individual differences and their impact on sleep tracking, (2) sleep-tracking technology evolution, user-centered design and its compatibility, (3) the role of stakeholders and external environment and (4) impacts beyond benefits: underlying mechanisms of use, effective use, behavioural change and potential side effects.

• Grøder, Charlotte Husom; Schmager, Stefan; Parmiggiani, Elena; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni; Pappas, Ilias & Papavlasopoulou, Sofia (2026). Responsible AI in Information Systems Education: Impact of Experiential Learning in Practice. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems (SJIS). ISSN 0905-0167. 38(1), p. 83–116. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Responsible Artificial Intelligence (RAI) is an emerging concern for public and private organizations. It is also gaining traction within the Information Systems (IS) discourse. RAI is predicated on AI technologies' ethical, transparent, and accountable deployment, aligning with societal values, norms, and expectations. The conundrum facing IS education is the integration of the expanding RAI concerns and research into pedagogical strategies that introduce students to this nascent subject. One way to provide students with practical and comprehensive educational experiences is by engaging them in experiential learning, which emphasizes active and reflective engagement with real-world problems. However, research on IS education focusing on RAI is currently limited. We ask: How can experiential learning support students’ understanding of Responsible AI? We draw on an empirical, qualitative study of the design, implementation, and evaluation of a course on RAI applied to the context of public welfare services. The study was conducted over two semesters (2022 and 2023) with 49 students in total. We adopt an experiential learning paradigm and propose a course design that fosters multidisciplinary, problem-oriented learning about RAI. Our protocol promotes continuous learning by building an arena for the students to reflect on the learning process and growing awareness of RAI.

• Akbarighatar, Pouria; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2025). Responsible AI in Action: Assessing Variations in Perspectives Between C-Level Managers and AI Developers. In Brooks, Laurence; Li, Honglei & Papagiannidis, Savvas (Ed.), Proceedings of the 30th UK Academy for Information Systems (UKAIS) International Conference. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9781739087524. p. 242–261. doi: https:/www.ukais.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/UKAIS-2025-full-proceedings-ver1.pdf. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Organizations worldwide embrace Artificial Intelligence (AI) initiatives across diverse fields, from healthcare to transportation. While AI may offer significant benefits, there are also concerns related to issues such as bias, privacy, transparency, reliability, and accountability. Responsible AI (RAI) frameworks and principles have emerged to address these issues. However, operationalizing RAI remains a challenge. In this paper, we report findings from a survey of C-level managers and AI developers from Europe and North America. We explore the perceptions of these different practitioner groups and identify areas of consensus and divergence. The results suggest that organizations may face challenges in effectively actualize the RAI, due to diverging perspectives. By highlighting these challenges and insights, this study contributes a nuanced understanding of the dynamics influencing real-world RAI and can contribute to better intraorganizational communication and collaboration.

• Pappas, Ilias. O. & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2025). Human Value Alignment in AI. In Xu, Wei (Eds.), Handbook of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. Springer. ISSN 9789819784400. p. 1–33. doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-8440-0_7-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Value alignment in artificial intelligence (AI) involves designing, developing, and governing AI systems that are aligned with human values while avoiding harmful or unintended consequences. This chapter explores the theoretical foundations, historical development, and contemporary approaches to AI value alignment, highlighting the interplay between design, technical, and regulatory perspectives. It provides an overview of established value theories and frameworks and highlights the connection with contemporary guidelines for responsible AI. It also examines technical (how to inscribe values in AI) and normative (what values to inscribe in AI) challenges, related to the inherent diversity of values across cultures and stakeholders, the difficulty of operationalizing abstract values into concrete AI behaviors, and the limitations of existing alignment techniques. The chapter provides an overview of implementation approaches falling under three overarching categories: design-based, technical, and regulatory. The chapter concludes with insights into current trends and research opportunities, emphasizing the need for continuous refinement of alignment methodologies. This requires interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, industry practitioners, and policymakers to design and develop effective, innovative, and value-aligned AI systems.

• Akbarighatar, Pouria; Pappas, Ilias; Purao, Sandeep Ramakant & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2025). Enacting Responsible AI: A Configurational Analysis of AI Principles in Practice. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-025-10618-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Responsible AI (RAI) entails developing, using, and governing AI in a human-centred way to ensure its trustworthiness and alignment with human values. Organizations attempt to enact RAI through guiding principles that aim to minimize threats such as bias and privacy violations and enhance outcomes such as transparency and fairness. In the empirical study we report in this paper, we share insights about how AI experts view RAI principles, including relationships among them, these principles, and the enactment of RAI principles. Employing a sequential mixed-methods approach, we analyse survey data from 135 AI experts from Europe and America using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), complemented by follow-up interviews. Our analysis identifies five equifinal combinations of RAI principles associated with high overall RAI enactment. The findings reveal the crucial role of accountability and safety-reliability principles and highlight the contextual variability of other principles. This research contributes a nuanced understanding of RAI enactment, moving beyond individual principles to demonstrate their complex interplay and their contextual dependencies in achieving responsible AI practices.

• Khalid, Muhammad Irfan; Pappas, Ilias; Mahmoud, Moatasim & Rizou, Stamatia (2025). Building Metaverse Responsibly: Findings from Interviews with Experts. Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS). doi: https:/aisel.aisnet.org/mcis2025/32/. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The metaverse promises unprecedented immersive digital experiences but also raises critical privacy concerns as vast amounts of personal and behavioural data are collected. As immersive technologies blur the boundaries between physical and virtual realms, established privacy standards are being challenged. However, little is known about how the experts of these technologies (such as requirement analysts, designers, developers, and architects) perceive and address privacy issues in the creation of metaverse platforms. This research aims to fill that gap by investigating privacy considerations in metaverse development from the expert’s perspective. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with metaverse platform and application experts to explore their views on privacy challenges and practices. The findings offer new empirical insights by extending information systems privacy research into the metaverse context, highlighting the interplay between technological design, user behaviour, and regulatory structures. Practically, this work provides guidance for developers, and policymakers on implementing privacy-by-design principles, educating and empowering users, and proactively addressing novel privacy threats in metaverses.

• Opland, Leif Erik; Bley, Katja & Pappas, Ilias (2025). The Motivation Behind Employee-driven Digital Innovation. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems (SJIS). ISSN 0905-0167. 37(1). doi: https:/aisel.aisnet.org/sjis/vol37/iss1/1/. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Motivation can be key to creating commitment and ownership among employees in the innovation processes that lead to the creation of new products and services. Research in the last 20 years has sought to better understand the factors that can explain innovation, including motivation. When competition increases, knowledge of what motivates employees to contribute to innovation may be crucial to stay ahead of competitors. In this paper, we combine structural equation modelling with fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to create a mixed method approach that illuminates how dependent variables like intrinsic, social, and internalized extrinsic motivation affect employee-driven digital innovation, and how independent variables like strategy and organizational culture affect the causal relationships underlying employee-driven digital innovation.

• Schmager, Stefan; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2025). Human-Centered AI Design Principles for the Public Service Domain: An Action Design Research Study. In Bui, Tung (Eds.), Proceedings of the 58th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Hilton Waikoloa Village, January 7-10, 2025. University of Hawai'i at Manoa. ISSN 9780998133188. p. 5509–5518. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2025.661. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Most existing design and development guidelines for Human-Centered AI primarily cater to a commercial context, they are not tailored to the specific needs of public services. This paper presents an Action Design Research study proposing public service-specific design principles for Human-Centered AI. The design principles are informed by multiple iterations of empirical research with citizens and public service employees acknowledging the multi-stakeholder nature of Human-Centered AI. The study recognizes an evolving understanding towards prioritizing human values and well-being in AI technologies. Furthermore, it considers the relationship between technology features in the public sector and citizens' needs to ensure that AI systems are developed with a commitment to fostering public trust and welfare. The study contributes to theory and practice by advancing the scholarly discourse on Human-Centered AI and informing AI strategies and implementations within the public sector.

• Schmager, Stefan; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2025). Understanding Human-Centred AI: a review of its defining elements and a research agenda. Behaviour and Information Technology. ISSN 0144-929X. 44(15), p. 3771–3810. doi: 10.1080/0144929X.2024.2448719. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have ushered in a new era of innovative applications, while also prompting concerns regarding risks and adverse consequences. In light of the growing interest in comprehending AI's impact on society and its alignment with human values and needs, Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) has emerged as a potential approach to address questions and concerns. In this Systematic Literature Review, we aim to contribute to conceptual clarity around the definition, conceptualisation, and implementation of HCAI. The first part of our review addresses how HCAI is defined in the existing literature, culminating in a novel comprehensive HCAI definition. Subsequently, we delve into the identified constituent elements of HCAI, namely ‘purpose’, ‘values’, and ‘properties’. Purposes include augmentation, AI autonomy, and automation. Values relate to ethics, safety, and performance. Properties cover oversight, comprehension, and integrity. The third part of the review explores Human-Centred Design processes, methods, and tools and their applicability for HCAI. In conclusion, we discuss the characteristics and critiques of HCAI and provide a research agenda. This literature review contributes to advancing the discourse on HCAI, thus enhancing human welfare and societal well-being.

• Bley, Katja; Pappas, Ilias & Strahringer, Susanne (2024). A Configurational Approach to Maturity Model Development – Using fsQCA to Build a Multiple-Pathway Maturity Model. Communications of the Association for Information Systems. 54, p. 75–132. doi: 10.17705/1CAIS.05405. Full text in Research Archive
• Błachnio, Agata; Przepiórka, Aneta; Gorbaniuk, Oleg; Abreu, Ana Maria; Bendayan, Rebecca & Ben-Ezra, Menachem [Show all 37 contributors for this article] (2024). Measurement invariance of the Facebook intrusion questionnaire across 25 countries. International Journal of Psychology (IJP). ISSN 0020-7594. 59(6), p. 1049–1063. doi: 10.1002/ijop.13227. Full text in Research Archive
• Schmager, Stefan; Gupta, Samrat; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2024). Designing for AI Transparency in Public Services: A User-Centred Study of Citizens’ Preferences. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 14720, p. 237–253. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-61315-9_17. Full text in Research Archive
• Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir; Quaddus, Mohammed; Menon, Preetha & Pappas, Ilias (2024). Understanding Cyberbullying as the Convergence of Offender Disposition and Crime Opportunity: A Configurational Approach. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 14907, p. 358–370. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-72234-9_30. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this study, applying a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) approach, we explain social media cyberbullying as the convergence of offender disposition (perpetrator’s willingness and presence of suitable target) and crime opportunity (absence of intimate handler, platform guardian, and lawful guardian). Data from online platform, namely MTurk, suggest that perpetrator’s willingness is the necessary condition without which cyberbullying does not take place neither in the USA nor in India. In addition, we obtain two sufficient configurations from each sample that adequately explain cyberbullying. Interestingly, both samples suggest a common configuration predicting cyberbullying – a combination of platform guardian, perpetrator’s willingness and presence of suitable target. The findings suggest several theoretical and practical implications.

• Schmager, Stefan; Pappas, Ilias & Vasilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2024). Citizens-Focused Design Principles for Human-Centered AI in Public Services, AMCIS 2024 Proceedings. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9781958200117. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies undergo rapidly increasing integration in all areas of everyday life, including healthcare, employment, and public services. To reconcile abstract theoretical concepts with the practical realities of AI development and deployment in the public sector, this study formulates Human-Centered AI (HCAI) design principles, recognizing the unique aspects of the public sector. The study argues for bespoke AI design and implementation strategies that prioritize societal needs over commercial interests and incorporate citizen perspectives into the design principles. The study employs Action Design Research and draws from Social Contract Theory, aiming to advance the dialogue on responsible AI practices within the public sector. These principles offer valuable insights for both academics and practitioners, bridging the gap between theory and practice, enriching the information systems discipline, and fostering a deeper understanding of a socially responsible AI design and deployment in public services.

• Akbarighatar, Pouria; Pappas, Ilias; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni & Purao, Sandeep Ramakant (2024). Responsible AI Principles: Findings from an Empirical Study on Practitioners' Perceptions. In Laurence, Brooks; Angelopoulos, Spyros; Pan, Yu-Chun & Zamani, Efpraxia D. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 29th UK Academy for Information Systems (UKAIS) International Conference. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9781739087517. Full text in Research Archive
• Wang, Fredrik Wilhelm Butler; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2024). Operationalizing Algorithmic Fairness: Empirical Study and Framework Proposal. In Laurence, Brooks; Angelopoulos, Spyros; Pan, Yu-Chun & Zamani, Efpraxia D. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 29th UK Academy for Information Systems (UKAIS) International Conference. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9781739087517. Full text in Research Archive
• Khan, Eijaz Ahmed; Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir; Jahed, Mohammed Abu; Akter, Rabeya & Pappas, Ilias (2024). Green strategic leadership capability: Construct development and measurement validation. Journal of Cleaner Production. ISSN 0959-6526. 450. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141575. Full text in Research Archive
• Wamba, Samuel Fosso; Queiroz, Maciel M.; Pappas, Ilias & Sullivan, Yulia (2024). Artificial Intelligence Capability and Firm Performance: A Sustainable Development Perspective by the Mediating Role of Data-Driven Culture. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-023-10460-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Griva, Anastasia; Kruse, Leona Chandra; Hattinger, Monika; Högberg, Karin; Pappas, Ilias & Conboy, Kieran (2024). Making space for time: Strategies for the design of time-aware hybrid work. Information Systems Journal. ISSN 1350-1917. doi: 10.1111/isj.12552. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Time is central to many debates about hybrid work- the impact on speed and productivity, commute times, and synchronisation of work. However, we argue that time is often over-simplified in extant hybrid work literature and tends to ignore many temporal concepts that capture the inherently complex, multi-faceted, subtle, and socially embedded nature of time. To address this issue, we conducted studies of five hybrid work teams across two large organisations. The paper contributes to current research on hybrid work by (i) illustrating the various temporal concepts that may be considered in the design of hybrid work environments, as well as the impact of considering or not considering them; (ii) illustrating how these temporal concepts in a physical space can be augmented in the digital space, rather than assuming the digital space should simply represent the physical; and (iii) providing a framework for the consideration of time–aware hybrid work. We hope to spark scientific interest in studying the temporal nuances of hybrid work but also the temporal aspects of design in other areas.

• Pattanaik, Prasanta Kumar; Gupta, Shivam; Pani, Ashis K.; Himanshu, Urmii & Pappas, Ilias (2024). Impact of Inter and Intra Organizational Factors in Healthcare Digitalization: a Conditional Mediation Analysis. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-024-10522-w. Full text in Research Archive
• Schmager, Stefan; Grøder, Charlotte Husom; Parmiggiani, Elena; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2024). Exploring citizens' stances on AI in public services: A social contract perspective. Data & Policy. 6. doi: 10.1017/dap.2024.13. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper explores citizens’ stances toward the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in public services in Norway. Utilizing a social contract perspective, the study analyzes the government–citizen relationship at macro, meso, and micro levels. A prototype of an AI-enabled public welfare service was designed and presented to 20 participants who were interviewed to investigate their stances on the described AI use. We found a generally positive attitude and identified three factors contributing to this: (a) the high level of trust in government (macro level); (b) the balanced value proposition between individual and collective needs (meso level); and (c) the reassurance provided by having humans in the loop and providing transparency into processes, data, and model’s logic (microlevel). The findings provide valuable insights into citizens’ stances for socially responsible AI in public services. These insights can inform policy and guide the design and implementation of AI systems in the public sector by foregrounding the government–citizen relationship.

• Crivellari, Ilaria & Pappas, Ilias (2024). Beyond the Digital Divide: Exploring Immigrants’ Pathways to Digital Citizenship, ICIS 2024 Proceedings. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9781958200131. Full text in Research Archive
• Queiroz, Maciel M.; Wamba, Samuel Fosso; Raut, Rakesh D. & Pappas, Ilias (2023). Does Resilience Matter for Supply Chain Performance in Disruptive Crises with Scarce Resources? British Journal of Management. ISSN 1045-3172. doi: 10.1111/1467-8551.12748. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In today's disruptive world, firms and supply chains are facing massive disruptions, primarily owing to resource scarcity. We develop a model supported by the resilience and resource-based theories to assess supply chain decision-makers in the United States. We validate the model by employing partial least squares structural equation modeling and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. We find that supply chain agility and flexibility can support supply chain resilience, which in turn sustains supply chain performance. Furthermore, we find a mediation effect of supply chain resilience in the relationship between agility and supply chain performance, as well as between flexibility and supply chain performance. Furthermore, the findings suggest that supply chain performance under severe disruptions can be achieved when supply chains are resilient based on the combination of agility and flexibility. Our study contributes to the supply chain resilience and resource-based theory literature by identifying that resource configuration plays a decisive role in resilience and performance in severe disruptions due to resource scarcity. Our findings suggest that not all resilience-related resources are necessary to build resilience and support performance. Therefore, when confronted by a disruptive crisis, managers, practitioners and policymakers should identify the best resource configurations to create resilience and support performance.

• Akbarighatar, Pouria; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). Practices for Responsible AI: Findings from Interviews with Experts. In Midha, Vishal & Animesh, Animesh (Ed.), The 29th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS). Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9781958200056. Full text in Research Archive
• Akbarighatar, Pouria; Pappas, Ilias & Vasilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). A sociotechnical perspective for responsible AI maturity models: Findings from a mixed-method literature review. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights. 3(2). doi: 10.1016/j.jjimei.2023.100193. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  As artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in various industries, it becomes crucial for organizations to enhance their capabilities and maturity in adopting AI responsibly. This paper employs a mixed-method approach that combines topic modeling with manual content analysis to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on AI maturity and readiness. The review encompasses an extensive corpus of 1451 papers, identifying the main themes and topics within this body of literature. Based on these findings, a subset of papers was selected and further analyzed to identify AI capabilities utilizing a sociotechnical lens. This further analysis led to the identification of foundational and responsible AI (RAI) capabilities. These capabilities have been integrated in a sociotechnical framework of capabilities for AI maturity models providing valuable insights for organizations and AI service providers and a basis for further research.

• Tasoulis, Konstantinos; Pappas, Ilias; Vlachos, Pavlos & Oruh, Emeka Smart (2023). Employee reactions to planned organizational culture change: A configurational perspective. Human Relations. ISSN 0018-7267. doi: 10.1177/00187267231183305. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Can organizational culture be intentionally changed? And if so, what are the pathways to success versus failure? We address these questions by employing a configurational perspective, which allows us to examine the impact of multiple combinations of employee perceptions and traits on planned organizational culture change. Although employees have long been the focus of culture change research, the complex interactions of factors affecting their reactions have been largely ignored. With such a focus, the study empirically identifies pathways to successful versus failed organizational culture change, drawing rare empirical evidence from 59 interviews and secondary data from one of the longest surviving examples of industrial democracy, John Lewis Partnership, which underwent change geared away from a ‘civil-service’ towards a high-performance culture. Applying a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we identify multiple equifinal combinations of employee perceptions and traits (e.g., perceived organizational support, empowerment, and tenure) associated with successful or failed organizational culture change. Interestingly, we find more pathways leading to positive (i.e., ‘comparing’, ‘acquitting’, and ‘tolerating’) versus negative (i.e., ‘disillusioning’ and ‘dissociating’) reactions to culture change. We leverage these findings to show that employee reactions are more complex than currently considered, illustrating the value of a configurational perspective in such efforts.

• Eriksson, Christer; Olsen, Kristian Mareno Matre; Schmager, Stefan; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). Human-AI Collaboration in Public Services: The Case of Sick Leave Case Handling. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 14316, p. 41–53. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-50040-4_4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This research paper explores Human-AI Collaboration in public services, focusing on the needs and understanding of AI among caseworkers in a public welfare organisation dealing with sick leave cases. Conducting a foresight study with 19 caseworkers we identify roles that AI systems can take contributing to improved services for citizens, more fulfilling everyday work for caseworkers and more efficient use of public resources. Our research delves into the entirety of tasks involved in sick leave case handling expanding beyond the digital touchpoints between humans and AI. It goes beyond human-AI interaction to encompass the broader scope of collaboration between humans and machines as joint cognitive systems and suggests thinking of AI as a collaborator that undertakes specific roles.

• Intaraphasuk, Kantasit; Erdvik, Magnus; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). Establishing a Health Data Marketplace: Insights from Stakeholder Interviews. Reports of the European Society for Socially Embedded Technologies. 7(4). doi: 10.48340/ihc2023_pd018. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study explores the potential establishment of a Health Data Marketplace in the Norwegian e-health sector by extending the capabilities of an existing health data platform. The findings are based on the analysis of interviews with key heathcare actors and point to key requisites for extending the data platform to a marketplace: developing a suitable Business Model, ensuring Data Standardization and Regualtory Compliance, providing Transparency and building Trust.

• Erdvik, Magnus; Intaraphasuk, Kantasit; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). Establishing a Health Data Marketplace: A Framework for Success. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 14316. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-50040-4_17. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study outlines essential elements needed to develop a Health Data Marketplace (HDM) by building upon an existing data platform in Norway. A comprehensive framework is proposed that accounts for technical, legal, financial, and additional considerations. The results highlight the pivotal roles of key HDM actors - Marketplace Operators, Marketplace Users, and Legal Authorities - and emphasize critical enablers such as Data Standardization, Interoperability, Integration, Security, Trust, and Legal Frameworks. Such a marketplace has the potential to catalyze the effective, secure, and ethical use of health data, contributing to enhanced healthcare outcomes, research, and innovation.

• Pappas, Ilias; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni; Kruse, Leona Chandra & Purao, Sandeep (2023). Practicing Effective Stakeholder Engagement for Impactful Research. IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society. 4(3), p. 248–254. doi: 10.1109/TTS.2023.3296991. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Scholars acknowledge that achieving societal impact should be a key aim of research. However, societal impact usually becomes tangible only long after research completion, so that scholars can hardly report its evidence in a research article, if it is to be published in a timely manner. Interventionist research methods that involve engagement with stakeholders to generate solutions for real-world problem situations can provide a path towards direct societal impact. We argue that achieving such impact requires effective engagement with careful attention to the timing of engagement and inclusiveness of stakeholders – drawing on examples from our own research projects. Our analyses suggest that the research team needs to make choices to structure engagement efforts across research phases spanning problem definition, solution design, and solution evaluation. These choices define a space of possibilities that a research team can navigate based on considerations of access, research setting, research approach, and researcher expertise. We map these to three specific interventionist research approaches: Action Research, Clinical Research, and Action Design Research to highlight the alternatives. The paper concludes by pointing out that interventionist approaches can create favorable conditions but require the judicious exercise of choices by the research team to generate outcomes with direct societal impact.

• Opland, Leif Erik; Bley, Katja & Pappas, Ilias (2023). Is Motivation always the Key? – Antecedents of Employee-Driven Digital Innovation. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. p. 4818–4827. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Understanding the factors that can explain innovation has received a lot of attention among researchers in the last decades. During the same period, different approaches to innovation have also seen the light of day, among them employee-driven innovation and digital innovation. In this study our aim is to look at a concept that merges these two types of innovation and see how motivation affects employee-driven digital innovation. In our research model we look at how intrinsic, social, and internalized extrinsic motivation affects employeedriven digital innovation, and how variables like strategy and organizational culture can act as explanatory and moderating variables.

• Kusal, Sheetal; Patil, Shruti; Choudrie, Jyoti; Kotecha, Ketan; Vora, Deepali & Pappas, Ilias (2023). A systematic review of applications of natural language processing and future challenges with special emphasis in text-based emotion detection. Artificial Intelligence Review. ISSN 0269-2821. doi: 10.1007/s10462-023-10509-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been used for processing data to make decisions, Interact with humans, and understand their feelings and emotions. With the advent of the Internet, people share and express their thoughts on day-to-day activities and global and local events through text messaging applications. Hence, it is essential for machines to understand emotions in opinions, feedback, and textual dialogues to provide emotionally aware responses to users in today's online world. The field of text-based emotion detection (TBED) is advancing to provide automated solutions to various applications, such as business and finance, to name a few. TBED has gained a lot of attention in recent times. The paper presents a systematic literature review of the existing literature published between 2005 and 2021 in TBED. This review has meticulously examined 63 research papers from the IEEE, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to address four primary research questions. It also reviews the different applications of TBED across various research domains and highlights its use. An overview of various emotion models, techniques, feature extraction methods, datasets, and research challenges with future directions has also been represented.

• Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Kshetri, Nir; Hughes, Laurie; Slade, Emma Louise; Jeyaraj, Anand & Kar, Arpan Kumar [Show all 73 contributors for this article] (2023). “So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. 71. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Transformative artificially intelligent tools, such as ChatGPT, designed to generate sophisticated text indistinguishable from that produced by a human, are applicable across a wide range of contexts. The technology presents opportunities as well as, often ethical and legal, challenges, and has the potential for both positive and negative impacts for organisations, society, and individuals. Offering multi-disciplinary insight into some of these, this article brings together 43 contributions from experts in fields such as computer science, marketing, information systems, education, policy, hospitality and tourism, management, publishing, and nursing. The contributors acknowledge ChatGPT’s capabilities to enhance productivity and suggest that it is likely to offer significant gains in the banking, hospitality and tourism, and information technology industries, and enhance business activities, such as management and marketing. Nevertheless, they also consider its limitations, disruptions to practices, threats to privacy and security, and consequences of biases, misuse, and misinformation. However, opinion is split on whether ChatGPT’s use should be restricted or legislated. Drawing on these contributions, the article identifies questions requiring further research across three thematic areas: knowledge, transparency, and ethics; digital transformation of organisations and societies; and teaching, learning, and scholarly research. The avenues for further research include: identifying skills, resources, and capabilities needed to handle generative AI; examining biases of generative AI attributable to training datasets and processes; exploring business and societal contexts best suited for generative AI implementation; determining optimal combinations of human and generative AI for various tasks; identifying ways to assess accuracy of text produced by generative AI; and uncovering the ethical and legal issues in using generative AI across different contexts.

• Schmager, Stefan; Grøder, Charlotte Husom; Parmiggiani, Elena; Pappas, Ilias & Vasilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). What do citizens think of AI adoption in public services? Exploratory research on citizen attitudes through a social contract lens. In NN, NN (Eds.), 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2023). ScholarSpace. ISSN 9780998133164. p. 4472–4481. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by the public sector has the potential to improve service delivery. However, the risks related to AI are significant and citizen concerns have halted several AI initiatives. In this paper we report findings from an empirical study on citizens´ attitudes towards AI use in public services in Norway. We found a generally positive attitude and identified three factors contributing to this: a) the high level of trust in government; b) the reassurance provided by having humans in the loop; c) the perceived transparency into processes, data used for AI models and models´ inner workings. We interpret these findings through the lens of social contract theory and show how the introduction of AI in public services is subject to the social contract power dynamics. Our study contributes to research by foregrounding the government-citizen relationship and has implications for public sector AI practice.

• Ødeskaug, Christian Aleksander Aamlid; Gjertsen, Tord Vetle; Gupta, Samrat & Pappas, Ilias (2023). Exploring Willingness to Adopt Contact Tracing Applications: A Study with Norwegian Citizens. International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management. 18(2), p. 1–16. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Amid discussions on the efficacy of digital contact tracing (DCT) during COVID-19, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's application, Smittestopp, faced criticism for perceived privacy intrusions. Despite its relaunch without GPS-tracking, skepticism persisted due to initial issues. This study proposes a model to assess DCT adoption, focusing on Norwegian citizens' privacy concerns, trust, and risk beliefs, particularly towards Smittestopp. The moderating role of emotions is also examined. Findings indicate that privacy concerns inversely affect trust and enhance risk beliefs. Trust and perceived advantages bolster the intention to use the application, while risk beliefs reduce it. Negative emotions moderate the relationship between risk beliefs and intention to use, whereas positive emotions amplify the influence of perceived benefits on app usage intention. Intention to use led to actual utilization of the Smittestop app. These insights increase our understanding of how DCT apps are perceived in a country in which citizen trust in government is high, while offering significant implications for managing future crises and contagion spread.

• Akbarighatar, Pouria; Pappas, Ilias & Vasilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS: A HIERARCHICAL FRAMEWORK OF RESPONSIBLE AI PRINCIPLES, Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems ECIS 2023. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9781958200087. Full text in Research Archive
• Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni; Haug, Arve; Salvesen, Leif Martin & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Developing human/AI interactions for chat-based customer services: lessons learned from the Norwegian government. European Journal of Information Systems. ISSN 0960-085X. doi: 10.1080/0960085X.2022.2096490. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Advancements in human/AI interactions led to smartification of public services via the use of chatbots. Here, we present findings from a clinical inquiry research project in a key public service organisation in Norway. In this project, researchers and practitioners worked together to generate insights on the action possibilities offered to human service agents by chatbots and the potential for creating hybrid human/AI service teams. The project sensitised service agents to discover affordances based on their actual practices, rather than on the predefined use of chatbots. The different affordances identified can be useful for practitioners who design and deploy chatbot-based services. The action possibilities afforded by chatbots provide new ways for service agents and chatbots to work as a team addressing citizens’ needs. Drawing from the whole research process, we offer three lessons learned from the Norwegian Government on human/AI partnerships, theory-based interventions, and institutionalised collaborative research that can be useful for researchers that want to engage with practice and organisations that want to evolve their technology use, stimulate innovation, and engage with research.

• Bley, Katja; Rønningen, Martin Holthe; Spagnoletti, Paolo & Pappas, Ilias (2022). The Potential of Big Data Analytics for Decision Support in Sports–The Case of Soccer. In Brown, Sue & Subramani, Mani (Ed.), AMCIS 2022 PROCEEDINGS. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9781958200001. p. 1–11. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Compared to other popular sports, soccer is quite a fluid sport with high degrees of freedom, which is why evaluating games or single players' performance is more demanding and complex. Even though the availability of different types of soccer data has increased steadily over the last few years, the process of strategic and tactical decision-making is still traditionally done by single specialists. In this context, the potentials of big data analytics (BDA) provide an advantage in automatically assessing and assembling data from various sources and generating insights that exceed the analytical capability of individual human experts. We focus on this potential by developing a design science research-based BDA artifact, which aims at providing strategic decisional support for managers and experts. In several evaluations with different soccer and sports experts, we are able to show advanced usability of the artifact's instantiation over traditional tools provided by large stats providers.

• Kabudi, Tumaini; Pappas, Ilias & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2022). Deriving Design Principles for AI-Adaptive Learning Systems: Findings from Interviews with Experts. In Papagiannidis, Savvas; Alamanos, Eleftherios; Gupta, Suraksha; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Mäntymäki, Matti & Pappas, Ilias (Ed.), The Role of Digital Technologies in Shaping the Post-Pandemic World: 21st IFIP WG 6.11 Conference on e-business, e-services, e-society. Springer Nature. ISSN 9783031153419. Full text in Research Archive
• Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni & Pappas, Ilias (2022). AI/Human Augmentation: A Study on Chatbot – Human Agent Handovers. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. ISSN 1868-4238. 660, p. 118–123. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-17968-6_8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The combination of chatbots with live chats supported by human agents creates a new type of man-machine coordination problem. Prior research on chatbot interactions has focused mostly on the interaction between end users and chatbots and there is limited research on the interaction between human chat agents and chatbots. This study aims to fill this gap contributing to the body of research on coordinating humans and artificial conversational agents by addressing the Research Question: How can the handover between chatbots and chat employees be handled to ensure good user experience? The study aims to contribute to the emerging discipline of Human-Centered AI providing insights on how to create AI-enabled systems that amplify and augment human abilities while preserving human control by identifying key aspects that need to be considered when integrating chatbots in live chat workflows.

• Opland, Leif Erik; Smite, Darja & Pappas, Ilias (2022). FACILITATING EMPLOYEE-DRIVEN DIGITAL INNOVATION THROUGH THE USE OF HACKATHONS – A CASE STUDY, The 14th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS 2022). Acting in the digital society: moving towards a sustainable future. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9788887173055. Full text in Research Archive
• Kabudi, Tumaini; Pappas, Ilias & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2022). Deriving Design Principles for AI-Adaptive Learning Systems: Findings from Interviews with Experts. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13454, p. 82–94. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-15342-6_7. Full text in Research Archive
• Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir; Quaddus, Mohammed; Warren, Matthew; Akter, Shahriar & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Are you a cyberbully on social media? Exploring the personality traits using a fuzzy-set configurational approach. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. 66. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102537. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Cyberbullying behavior (CB) on social media is complex because its perpetrators exhibit varied demographic characteristics and personalities. Prior studies have applied Big Five (Big5) and Dark Tetrads (Dark4) personality traits (PTs) along with demographic attributes, using symmetrical modelling, but revealed mixed and inconsistent results. This paper applies an asymmetric modelling approach using complexity and configurational theories to develop configurations of PTs and demography to predict CB. The online survey data have been analyzed using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) technique. Regarding Big5 PTs, our findings reveal that, for instance, people scoring high in conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness and low in agreeableness undertake cyberbullying. For Dark4 PTs, the combination of either psychopathy and sadism or Machiavellianism and psychopathy leads to cyberbullying. As for demographic attributers, educated young married people, irrespective of gender, are likely to commit cyberbullying. Our all-inclusive model reveals that social media bullies, regardless of their gender, marital status, and social media experience, are young, educated, neurotic, conscientious, psychopathic, and sadistic with high Machiavellianism and low agreeableness. Further, we suggest configurations to reduce cyberbullying. The findings are discussed with implications for theory and practice.

• Opland, Leif Erik & Pappas, Ilias (2022). How Can Hackathons Facilitate Employee-Driven Digital Innovation in Public Organizations? Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13454, p. 231–237. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-15342-6_18. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  New approaches to innovation have emerged creating needs for new explanatory models for discussing, understanding and implementing innovation, among these employee-driven innovation. Employee-driven innovation appears as a direction within innovation where the focus is on ordinary employees and how these can contribute to innovation within already existing private and public organizations. This form of innovation has especially been seen as appropriate in relation to companies engaged in digital innovation, also formulated as employeedriven digital innovation. Innovation in public organizations has recently received more attention, but still appears to be under-researched in many contexts compared to private organizations. Not only have we received new approaches to innovation, but we have also seen the emergence of new ways of organizing and managing innovation. Hackathons have over time emerged and gained a role as a way to facilitate innovation in many organizations, especially organizations related to IT. Hackathons can therefore be perceived to have contributed to a movement towards more open innovation processes, both internally, but also in relation to the organizations’ stakeholders externally. In this conceptual paper we will present and discuss how hackathons can act as a facilitator to spur employee-driven digital innovation in public organizations, and how we want to use hackathons as an artifact in a design science research approach to study employee-driven digital innovation in a public organization.

• Bley, Katja; Fredriksen, Simen Fredrik Brunvand; Skjærvik, Mats Eide & Pappas, Ilias (2022). The Role of Organizational Culture on Artificial Intelligence Capabilities and Organizational Performance. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13454, p. 13–24. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-15342-6_2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Inrecentyears,artificialintelligence(AI)hasbecomeincreasinglyrel- evant for organizations to exploit business-related databases and remain compet- itive. However, even though those technologies offer a huge potential to improve organizational performance, many companies face challenges when adopting AI technologies due to missing organizational and AI capability requirements. Whereas existing research often focuses on technological requirements for the application of AI, this study focuses on those challenges by investigating the influ- ence of organizational culture on a company’s AI capability and its organizational performance. We conducted a quantitative study in Scandinavia and employed a questionnaire receiving 299 responses. The results reveal a strong positive relationship between organizational culture, AI capabilities, and organizational performance.

• Tisland, Ingvild; Sodefjed, Marthe Løvsland; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni & Pappas, Ilias (2022). The Role of Quality, Trust, and Empowerment in Explaining Satisfaction and Use of Chatbots in e-government. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13454, p. 279–291. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-15342-6_22. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  With technology advancements within the field of AI there has been an increased interest in chatbots used for e-government services. Despite this increased interest, there is a knowledge gap in terms of what contributes to the satisfaction with e-government chatbots. To fill this gap, this study investigates factors affecting the satisfaction and use of chatbots from a citizen perspective. To this end, this study builds on the Information Systems success model, by exam- ining the role of key critical antecedents (i.e., information quality, system quality, service quality) and extends it by considering the role citizens’ trusting beliefs and perceived empowerment when using e-government chatbots, in order to explain citizens’ satisfaction and intention to use chatbots. A model that captures the mul- tidimensional and interdependent nature of chatbot success is suggested and tested on data collected from 105 users of e-government chatbots in Norway. The find- ings indicate that information and service quality positively influence the degree of trusting beliefs by the citizens while all three quality dimensions positively influence empowerment perceived by citizens. The degree of trusting beliefs and empowerment positively affect satisfaction, while satisfaction positively affects intention to use. This study identifies the impact of quality dimensions on trusting beliefs and empowerment and is the first study to investigate both empowerment and trusting beliefs in the context of e-government chatbots.

• Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir; Chowdhury, Md. Maruf Hossan; Pappas, Ilias; Metri, Bhimaraya; Hughes, Laurie & Dwivedi, Yogesh K. (2022). Fake news on Facebook and their impact on supply chain disruption during COVID-19. Annals of Operations Research. ISSN 0254-5330. doi: 10.1007/s10479-022-05124-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Social media (SM) fake news has become a serious concern especially during COVID-19. In this study, we develop a research model to investigate to what extent SM fake news contributes to supply chain disruption (SCD), and what are the different SM affordances that contribute to SM fake news. To test the derived hypotheses with survey data, we have applied partial least square based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. Further, to identify how different configurations of SC resilience (SCR) capabilities reduce SCD, we have used fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The results show that SM affordances lead to fake news, which increases consumer panic buying (CPB); CPB in turn increases SCD. In addition, SM fake news directly increases SCD. The moderation test suggests that, SCR capability, as a higher-order construct, decreases the effect of CPB on SCD; however, neither of the capabilities individually moderates. Complimentarily, the fsQCA results suggest that no single capability but their three specific configurations reduce SCD. This work offers a new theoretical perspective to study SCD through SM fake news. Our research advances the knowledge of SCR from a configurational lens by adopting an equifinal means towards mitigating disruption. This research will also assist the operations and SC managers to strategize and understand which combination of resilience capabilities is the most effective in tackling disruptions during a crisis e.g., COVID-19. In addition, by identifying the relative role of different SM affordances, this study provides pragmatic insights into SM affordance measures that combat fake news on SM.

• Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Hughes, Laurie; Baabdullah, Abdullah M.; Ribeiro-Navarrete, Samuel; Giannakis, Mihalis & Al-Debei, Mutaz M. [Show all 42 contributors for this article] (2022). Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. 66. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The metaverse has the potential to extend the physical world using augmented and virtual reality technologies allowing users to seamlessly interact within real and simulated environments using avatars and holograms. Virtual environments and immersive games (such as, Second Life, Fortnite, Roblox and VRChat) have been described as antecedents of the metaverse and offer some insight to the potential socio-economic impact of a fully functional persistent cross platform metaverse. Separating the hype and “meta…” rebranding from current reality is difficult, as “big tech” paints a picture of the transformative nature of the metaverse and how it will positively impact people in their work, leisure, and social interaction. The potential impact on the way we conduct business, interact with brands and others, and develop shared experiences is likely to be transformational as the distinct lines between physical and digital are likely to be somewhat blurred from current perceptions. However, although the technology and infrastructure does not yet exist to allow the development of new immersive virtual worlds at scale - one that our avatars could transcend across platforms, researchers are increasingly examining the transformative impact of the metaverse. Impacted sectors include marketing, education, healthcare as well as societal effects relating to social interaction factors from widespread adoption, and issues relating to trust, privacy, bias, disinformation, application of law as well as psychological aspects linked to addiction and impact on vulnerable people. This study examines these topics in detail by combining the informed narrative and multi-perspective approach from experts with varied disciplinary backgrounds on many aspects of the metaverse and its transformational impact. The paper concludes by proposing a future research agenda that is valuable for researchers, professionals and policy makers alike.

• Opland, Leif Erik; Pappas, Ilias; Engesmo, Jostein & Jaccheri, Maria Letizia (2022). Employee-driven digital innovation: A systematic review and a research agenda. Journal of Business Research. ISSN 0148-2963. 143, p. 255–271. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.038. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  As the digital shift in society affects both private and public organizations, the role of digital innovation is critical if digital transformations are to succeed. Research has developed models to explain how digital innovation affects organizations and societies. During the last ten years, employee-driven innovation has emerged as a new approach to explain innovation. Through this systematic literature review, we offer insight into the intersection between employee-driven innovation and digital innovation, and we coin the term employee-driven digital innovation. We review 58 studies published at this research intersection since 2010. The findings show a research field of growing interest that is divided into two main streams of research, one focused on the outcomes of employee-driven digital innovation and the other on the use of digital tools to support employee-driven innovation processes. We describe this research area, identify critical research gaps and propose future research directions.

• Polyviou, Ariana & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Chasing Metaverses: Reflecting on Existing Literature to Understand the Business Value of Metaverses. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-022-10364-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Metaverses refer to immersive virtual worlds in which people, places, and things of the physical world are represented by their digital representations. The wide adoption of metaverses is expected to widely disrupt the way we interact in the virtual world by elevating our online interactive experiences and bringing a plethora of implications for businesses. Following a structured literature review of related research published in the last decade, we shed light on our current understanding of metaverses and reflect on the potentially transformative value of metaverses for businesses in the near future. We draw on an established research framework to organize the insights of existing literature across different levels of analysis and activities’ purpose. Through this analysis, we reveal eight propositions on the changes brought by the use of metaverses and identify a number of open questions which could serve as future research avenues.

• Sharma, Kshitij; Pappas, Ilias; Papavlasopoulou, Sofia & Giannakos, Michail (2022). Wearable Sensing and Quantified-self to explain Learning Experience. International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT). ISSN 2161-3761. 2022. doi: 10.1109/ICALT55010.2022.00048. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The confluence of wearable technologies for sensing learners and the quantified-self provides a unique opportunity to understand learners’ experience in diverse learning contexts. We use data from learners using Empatica Wristbands and self-reported questionnaire. We compute stress, arousal, engagement and emotional regulation from physiological data; and perceived performance from the self-reported data. We use Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to find relations between the physiological measurements and the perceived learning performance. The results show how the presence or absence of arousal, engagement, emotional regulation, and stress, as well as their combinations, can be sufficient to explain high perceived learning performance

• Bley, Katja; Hentschel, Raoul & Pappas, Ilias (2022). An Information Systems Design Theory for Digital Broker Platforms. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13229, p. 5–16. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-06516-3_1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Service platforms are becoming dominant drivers of daily business operations in a digitalized environment. Research focuses on technological and network effects of such platforms, while socio-technical opportunities remain limited. Guidance support in selecting appropriate digital services on a multisided market platform may help companies with low domain knowledge as it increases their benefits by reducing existing barriers in adopting emerging technologies. We adapt the concept of a broker to a digital platform, which instantiates guidance support on multisided markets as core platform element. Further, we abstract the concept of a digital broker platform as an Information Systems (IS) design theory. By providing the necessary components of an IS design theory, we offer the possibility to derive digital broker platform artifacts, which are theoretically and conceptually grounded. We provide design principles for the method artifact and describe their applicability in an exemplary instantiation of the design theory in the domain of cloud computing. Lastly, we present the artifact’s mutability as well as its testable propositions.

• Polyviou, Ariana & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Metaverses and Business Transformation. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. ISSN 1868-4238. 660, p. 314–319. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-17968-6_25. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Metaverses refer to virtual worlds which enable the interaction between users and simulate people, places and things of the physical world. The wider use of metaverses can disrupt how we interact and bring a plethora of implications for businesses and society. While the term metaverse received increased attention recently due to the interest of tech giants, researchers have been exploring virtual world interactions for over a decade. In light of new exciting metaverse implementations, it is necessary to consolidate information via existing research on how the use of metaverses can transform businesses. As a first step, this paper outlines the methodology to be followed by future researchers aiming to shed light on metaverse and business transformation. It proposes a framework to assist authors in organizing existing literature on metaverses and guide them in identifying future research avenues.

• Grøder, Charlotte Husom; Schmager, Stefan; Parmiggiani, Elena; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni; Pappas, Ilias & Papavlasopoulou, Sofia (2022). Educating about Responsible AI in IS: Designing a course based on Experiential Learning. In BohMann, Tilo; Hui, Kai-Lung & Venkatesh, Viswanath (Ed.), ICIS 2022 Proceedings. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9781958200032. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Responsible AI (RAI) is an emerging topic in the Information Systems (IS) literature. RAI entails ensuring ethical, transparent, and accountable use of AI technologies in line with societal values, expectations, and norms. The challenge for research on IS education at university level is to accompany the growing research on RAI with approaches to educate students about this emerging theme. Research on IS education on responsible AI remains scarce to date, however. We ask: How can we design a course to educate students about responsible AI? We build on earlier research and an experiential learning-based approach to propose a course design promoting students’ multidisciplinary, problem-based learning about RAI applied to the case of public welfare services. Our study is based on participatory observations of student groups and group interviews after a project, acting as an arena where the students could reflect on the learning process and evolving awareness of RAI.

• Pappas, Ilias & Woodside, Arch G. (2021). Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA): Guidelines for research practice in Information Systems and marketing. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. 58, p. 1–23. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102310. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The increasing interest in fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) in Information Systems and marketing raises the need for a tutorial paper that discusses the basic concepts and principles of the method, provide answers to typical questions that editors, reviewers, and authors would have when dealing with a new tool of analysis, and practically guide researchers on how to employ fsQCA. This article helps the reader to gain richer information from their data and understand the importance of avoiding shallow information‐from‐data reporting. To this end, it proposes a different research paradigm that includes asymmetric, configurational‐focused case‐outcome theory construction and somewhat precise outcome testing. This article offers a detailed step-by-step guide on how to employ fsQCA by using as an example an already published study. We analyze the same dataset and present all the details in each step of the analysis to guide the reader onto how to employ fsQCA. The article discusses differences between fsQCA and variance-based approaches and compares fsQCA with those from structured equation modelling. Finally, the article offers a summary of thresholds and guidelines for practice, along with a discussion on how existing papers that employ variance-based methods are extendable and complemented through fsQCA.

• Pappas, Ilias & Thapa, Devinder (2021). Big Data Analytics Affordances for Social Innovation: A Theoretical Framework. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12896, p. 144–149. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-85447-8_13. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper proposes a theoretical framework to identify the mechanisms by which actors perceive the affordances of big data analytics (BDA) and how institutional voids and supports enable or hinder the actualisation of those perceived affordances. In doing so, we contribute to identifying the missing link needed to understand the social innovation process in relation to BDA. The framework paves the ground towards understanding the institutionalization process of social innovation and its implications for research and practice.

• Pappas, Ilias & Giannakos, Michail (2021). Rethinking Learning Design in IT Education During a Pandemic. Frontiers in Education. 6, p. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2021.652856. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Maintaining high-quality teaching and learning in the times of a pandemic poses a huge challenge to education systems. To scaffold adequate practices in our courses during the pandemic, more advanced, and fine-grained “learning design” is needed than providing the learning objectives and learning materials of the course and defining the deliverables and assignments. In this paper, we leverage on our experience with putting into practice different learning designs and technologies, in various information technology (IT) contexts and discuss how IT educators can further reflect on the learning design of their courses and scaffold fully remote or blended learning approaches to accommodate their courses’ needs during the pandemic. We provide three important objectives and indicative technological solution that can support those objectives, and discuss some lessons learned from our experience.

• Dennehy, Denis; Pappas, Ilias; Wamba, Samuel Fosso & Michael, Katina (2021). Guest editorial: Socially responsible information systems development: the role of AI and business analytics. Information Technology Journal. ISSN 1812-5638. 34(6), p. 1541–1550. doi: 10.1108/ITP-10-2021-871. Full text in Research Archive
• Mygland, Morten Johan; Schibbye, Morten; Pappas, Ilias & Vasilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2021). Affordances in Human-Chatbot Interaction: A Review of the Literature. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12896, p. 3–17. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-85447-8_1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract. The present study advances our understanding of human-AI interactions, by identifying and analyzing chatbot affordances in prior research. The results of this review consolidate research findings on chatbots’ affordances, which must be taken into consideration when chatbot-based services are designed and deployed. Specifically, the review of state-of-the-art literature led to the identification of nine high level affordances: Human Like Conversing, Assistance Provision, Facilitation, Distilling Information, Enriching Information, Context Identification, Personalization, Fostering Familiarity and Ensuring Privacy. Our contribution is twofold. First, we map the chatbot affordances identified in prior research and group them in higher-level, overarching affordances through a thematic analysis. Furthermore, we identify areas for future research providing a foundation for researchers aiming to engage with the research area

• Opland, Leif Erik; Jaccheri, Maria Letizia; Pappas, Ilias & Engesmo, Jostein (2021). EMPLOYEE-DRIVEN DIGITAL INNOVATION IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS – A CASE STUDY, The 25th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems. PACIS 2021 - Virtual Duration: 12 July to 14 July 2021.. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9781733632577. Full text in Research Archive
• Giannakos, Michail; Mikalef, Patrick & Pappas, Ilias (2021). Systematic literature review of E-learning capabilities to enhance organizational learning. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. p. 1–17. doi: 10.1007/s10796-020-10097-2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  E-learning systems are receiving ever increasing attention in academia, business and public administration. Major crises, like the pandemic, highlight the tremendous importance of the appropriate development of e-learning systems and its adoption and processes in organizations. Managers and employees who need efficient forms of training and learning flow within organizations do not have to gather in one place at the same time or to travel far away to attend courses. Contemporary affordances of e-learning systems allow users to perform different jobs or tasks for training courses according to their own scheduling, as well as to collaborate and share knowledge and experiences that result in rich learning flows within organizations. The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic review of empirical studies at the intersection of e-learning and organizational learning in order to summarize the current findings and guide future research. Forty-seven peer-reviewed articles were collected from a systematic literature search and analyzed based on a categorization of their main elements. This survey identifies five major directions of the research on the confluence of e-learning and organizational learning during the last decade. Future research should leverage big data produced from the platforms and investigate how the incorporation of advanced learning technologies (e.g., learning analytics, personalized learning) can help increase organizational value.

• Kabudi, Tumaini; Pappas, Ilias & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2021). AI-enabled adaptive learning systems: A systematic mapping of the literature. Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence (CAEAI). 2(2021), p. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100017. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Mobile internet, cloud computing, big data technologies, and significant breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have all transformed education. In recent years, there has been an emergence of more advanced AI-enabled learning systems, which are gaining traction due to their ability to deliver learning content and adapt to the individual needs of students. Yet, even though these contemporary learning systems are useful educational platforms that meet students’ needs, there is still a low number of implemented systems designed to address the concerns and problems faced by many students. Based on this perspective, a systematic mapping of the literature on AI-enabled adaptive learning systems was performed in this work. A total of 147 studies published between 2014 and 2020 were analysed. The major findings and contributions of this paper include the identification of the types of AI-enabled learning interventions used, a visualisation of the co-occurrences of authors associated with major research themes in AI-enabled learning systems and a review of common analytical methods and related techniques utilised in such learning systems. This mapping can serve as a guide for future studies on how to better design AI-enabled learning systems to solve specific learning problems and improve users’ learning experiences.

• Meadows, Maureen; Merendino, Alessandro; Dibb, Sally; Garcia-Perez, Alexeis; Hinton, Matthew & Papagiannidis, Savvas [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Tension in the data environment: How organisations can meet the challenge. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. ISSN 0040-1625. 175. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121315. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Big Data is becoming ubiquitous - widely applied across organisations, industry sectors and society. However, the opportunities and risks it presents are not yet fully understood. In this paper we identify and explore the tensions that Big Data can create at multiple levels, focusing on the need for organisations to meet the challenges that can arise. We draw on insights from twelve papers published in the Special Issue of Technological Forecasting & Social Change entitled “Tension in the Data Environment: Can Organisations Meet the Challenge?” in order to build a ‘Multi-Layer Tensions Model’ that highlights key pressures and challenges in the BD environment. We find evidence of tensions of three types, which we summarise as “Organisational Learning”, “Organisational Leadership” and “Societal” tensions. We contribute, first, by identifying and developing a nuanced understanding of the tensions faced in the Big Data environment; and second, by elaborating on the capabilities that can be developed and the actions taken to maximise the benefits of Big Data. We end with a “Learning, Leading, Linking” framework, which points to implications for practice and a future research agenda.

• Bley, Katja; Pappas, Ilias & Strahringer, Susanne (2021). INNOVATION CAPABILITY IN SMALL INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES–A SET THEORETIC APPROACH TO MATURITY MODELS, Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) 2021. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9781733632560. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Phenomena like the digital transformation lead to constantly changing economic requirements for companies and their underlying business models. The concept of an innovation capability maturity model is a possible approach to adapt to these changes by presenting solutions for the improvement of innovation potential, which in turn leads to higher turnover. Since existing one-size-fits-all conceptual development approaches of maturity models cannot depict the characteristics for a specific class (size and sector) of companies, we apply a data-driven development approach for the class of small industrial companies. Divided into a knowledge and organizational dimension, our findings reveal a total of 21 factor combinations, representing different levels of innovation capability maturity. By applying a set-theoretic approach for the identification of factor configurations leading to low, medium, and high innovation capability maturity, we furthermore propose the conceptual approach for an empirically driven set-theoretic maturity model development, yielding a design science method artifact.

• Niforatos, Evangelos; Tran, Camilla; Pappas, Ilias & Giannakos, Michail (2021). Goalkeeper: A Zero-Sum Exergame for Motivating Physical Activity. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12934, p. 65–86. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-85613-7_5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Incentives and peer competition have so far been employed independently for increasing physical activity. In this paper, we introduce Goalkeeper, a mobile application that utilizes deposit contracts for motivating physical activity in group settings. Goalkeeper enables one to set up a physical exercise challenge with a group of peers that deposit a fixed amount of money for participating. If a peer fails to complete the challenge, Goalkeeper redistributes their deposit to those who managed to complete it (i.e., zero-sum game). We evaluated the potential of Goalkeeper in increasing physical activity with a total of 50 participants over the course of 2 months. Our findings suggest that deposit contracts induce a loss-aversion bias, that in combination with peer competition, is effective in increasing exercise motivation. Ultimately, we generate a set of design principles for exergames that utilize deposit contracts for increasing physical activity in group settings.

• Hofmann, Sara & Pappas, Ilias (2021). Understanding Civic Engagement on Social Media Based on Users’ Motivation to Contribute. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12849, p. 27–39. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-82824-0_3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Socialmediaoffervariousopportunitiesforcivicengagementby,e.g., liking, sharing, or posting relevant content. Users’ motivation to contribute to relevant topics is quite divers and can stem from an intrinsic motivation to do good or external incentives such as being recognised and rewarded by other users. In our study, we adopt self-determination theory, which defines motivation as broad continuum ranging from intrinsic motivation to external regulation. We conducted a quantitative survey with 667 Facebook users to identify how the different kinds of motivation impact the users’ behaviour in terms of reading, liking, sharing, commenting, and posting topics relevant to civic engagement. Our results suggest that social media users are mainly driven by intrinsic motivation while different forms of extrinsic motivation play a less important role.

• Al-Musawi, Ali Saad Jawad; Yang, Erik; Bley, Katja; Thapa, Devinder & Pappas, Ilias (2021). The Role of Citizens’ Familiarity, Privacy Concerns, and Trust on Adoption of Smart Services. NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning. ISSN 1892-0713. 2021(2). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Smart city solutions and applications are considered as a strategic means to cope with multiple global and local challenges such as pollution, energy expenditure and digitalization to name a few. Although these solutions are driven by advanced information technologies such as IoT and Big data, their success is dependent on user engagement and trust. We seek to examine how citizens' awareness and perception of smart cities affect their adoption of smart services. To answer this, we conducted a study in Norway and employed a questionnaire receiving 103 responses. Furthermore, we conducted 12 semi-structured inter- views to obtain further insights. The results show how citizens value the benefit of smart services and how their adoption is influences by engagement and trust towards them.

• Choudrie, Jyoti; Patil, Shruti; Kotecha, Ketan; Matta, Nikhil & Pappas, Ilias (2021). Applying and Understanding an Advanced, Novel Deep Learning Approach: A Covid 19, Text Based, Emotions Analysis Study. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. 23(6). doi: 10.1007/s10796-021-10152-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The pandemic COVID 19 has altered individuals’ daily lives across the globe. It has led to preventive measures such as physical distancing to be imposed on individuals and led to terms such as ‘lockdown,’ ‘emergency,’ or curfew’ to emerge in various countries. It has affected society, not only physically and financially, but in terms of emotional wellbeing as well. This distress in the human emotional quotient results from multiple factors such as financial implications, family member’s behavior and support, country-specific lockdown protocols, media influence, or fear of the pandemic. For efficient pandemic management, there is a need to understand the emotional variations among individuals, as this will provide insights into public sentiment towards various government pandemic management policies. From our investigations, it was found that individuals have increasingly used different microblogging platforms such as Twitter to remain connected and express their feelings and concerns during the pandemic. However, research in the area of expressed emotional wellbeing during COVID 19 is still growing, which motivated this team to form the aim: To identify, explore and understand globally the emotions expressed during the earlier months of the pandemic COVID 19 by utilizing Deep Learning and Natural language Processing (NLP). For the data collection, over 2 million tweets during February–June 2020 were collected and analyzed using an advanced deep learning technique of Transfer Learning and Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach (RoBERTa). A Reddit-based standard Emotion Dataset by Crowdflower was utilized for transfer learning. Using RoBERTa and the collated Twitter dataset, a multi-class emotion classifier system was formed. With the implemented methodology, a tweet classification accuracy of 80.33% and an average MCC score of 0.78 was achieved, improving the existing AI-based emotion classification methods. This study explains the novel application of the Roberta model during the pandemic that provided insights into changing emotional wellbeing over time of various citizens worldwide. It also offers novelty for data mining and analytics during this challenging, pandemic era. These insights can be beneficial for formulating effective pandemic management strategies and devising a novel, predictive strategy for the emotional well-being of an entire country’s citizens when facing future unexpected exogenous shocks.

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• Achilleos, Achilleas; Forti, Stefano; Papadopoulos, George Angelos & Pappas, Ilias (2025). Pervasive Digital Services for People’s Well-Being, Inclusion and Sustainable Development. Springer. ISBN 9783032061638. 496 p. doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-06164-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Wetering, Rogier van de; Helms, Remko; Roelens, Ben; Bagheri, Samaneh; Dwivedi, Yogesh K. & Pappas, Ilias [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Disruptive Innovation in a Digitally Connected Healthy World : 23rd IFIP WG 6.11 Conference on e-Business, e-Services and e-Society, I3E 2024 Heerlen, The Netherlands, September 11–13, 2024 Proceedings. Springer. ISBN 9783031722332. 455 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Papagiannidis, Savvas; Alamanos, Eleftherios; Gupta, Suraksha; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Mäntymäki, Matti & Pappas, Ilias (2022). The Role of Digital Technologies in Shaping the Post-Pandemic World: 21st IFIP WG 6.11 Conference on e-business, e-services, e-society. Springer Nature. ISBN 9783031153419. 750 p. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-15342-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Dennehy, Denis; Griva, Anastasia; Pouloudi, Nancy; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Pappas, Ilias & Mäntymäki, Matti (2021). Responsible AI and Analytics for an Ethical and Inclusive Digitized Society. Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 9783030854478. 788 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Rieder, Annamina; Pappas, Ilias & Griffith, Terri (2025). TRAJECTORIES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: VISIONS FROM THE ART WORLD. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The increasing prominence of artificial intelligence (AI) calls for a more anticipatory stance within the IS field—one that looks beyond current applications to the socio-technical configurations that have emerged. A contemporary perspective of AI constrains our ability to shape the future. Developments in the art world illustrate why a forward-looking stance is essential. As a domain relatively unconstrained by accuracy, regulation, or utilitarian performance, it offers a unique setting in which AI already appears as a tool, a medium, and increasingly as an independent entity. These trajectories reveal a shift from AI as digital object, dependent on human enactment, to AI as digital agent capable of independently enacting social positions and influencing social structures. We invite IS scholars to consider how AI’s changing ontological position opens new avenues for inquiry and to draw on the art world as a laboratory for anticipating emerging socio-technical dynamics and imagining trajectories the field may wish to influence rather than encounter only in retrospect.

• Rieder, Annamina; Griffith, Terri & Pappas, Ilias (2025). Reconfiguring the Digital Art World. Full text in Research Archive
• Pappas, Ilias (2024). Employee-driven Digital Innovation: Insights from Interventions in Public Organizations. Doktoravhandlinger ved NTNU. ISSN 1503-8181. Full text in Research Archive
• Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Jeyaraj, Anand; Hughes, Laurie; Davies, Gareth H.; Ahuja, Manju & Albashrawi, Mousa Ahmed [Show all 90 contributors for this article] (2024). “Real impact”: Challenges and opportunities in bridging the gap between research and practice – Making a difference in industry, policy, and society. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102750. Full text in Research Archive
• Cuel, Roberta; Ceci, Federica; Pappas, Ilias; Senyo, PK & Senyo, P.K. (2024). Transformation and Sustainability of Digital Platforms and Ecosystems: A Multidisciplinary Exploration. International Journal of Electronic Commerce. ISSN 1086-4415. 28(2), p. 148–155. doi: 10.1080/10864415.2024.2332045. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This special issue focuses on the dynamics of digital platforms and ecosystems and the critical aspects of transformation and sustainability. Digital ecosystems, characterized as technology-enabled communities, have garnered significant attention across various disciplines, including biology, engineering, management, and organization studies. This editorial provides an overview of the current understanding of digital ecosystems, emphasizing the complex interplay between individual, organizational, and networked entities. Despite abundant research on digital ecosystems, questions regarding the functioning, governance, development, growth, and members’ relationships persist. We believe these underexplored questions have direct implications for electronic commerce (e-commerce). This connection underscores the relevance of the issue’s insights for advancing the field of electronic commerce, addressing relevant questions, and opening new avenues for research and practice in the digital marketplace.

• Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2024). Human AI Teaming. Full text in Research Archive
• Parmiggiani, Elena; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni & Pappas, Ilias (2024). Reconfiguring human-AI collaboration: integrating chatbots in welfare services. In Constantiou, Ioanna; Joshi, Mayur & Stelmaszak, Marta (Ed.), Research Handbook on Artificial Intelligence and Decision Making in Organizations. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781803926209. p. 97–111. doi: 10.4337/9781803926216.00013. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  European public agencies increasingly adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based chatbots. However, research on this topic is limited to an understanding of chatbots as interfaces between citizens and caseworkers. We performed a qualitative study of the design and deployment of the chatbot Selma by a public Labor and Welfare agency (LWA) in a Scandinavian country. We illustrate how Selma has gradually transformed the relationship between citizens and caseworkers. Selma has evolved from a communication channel between citizens and the public agency to an agent that coordinates with citizens and co-workers at the agency. We show how caseworkers’ decisions about Selma’s features impact the (re)organization of the caseworkers’ tasks to also include chatbot training. We suggest that making decisions about how AI is designed and deployed is intertwined with how decisions are made with AI. We conclude by discussing the implications of our study for human-AI collaboration in the public sector.

• Akbarighatar, Pouria; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2024). Are AI practitioners ready for AI Fairness? The need for Institutional Work for Early Prioritization of Fairness in AI Practices. Full text in Research Archive
• Charles, Vincent; Rana, Nripendra P.; Pappas, Ilias; Kamphaug, Morten; Siau, Keng & Engø-Monsen, Kenth (2023). The Next ‘Deep’ Thing in X to Z Marketing: An Artificial Intelligence-Driven Approach. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-023-10462-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Schmager, Stefan; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). Defining Human-Centered AI: a Comprehensive Review of HCAI Literature. Full text in Research Archive
• Akbarighatar, Pouria; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). Justice as Fairness: a hierarchical framework of Responsible AI principles. Full text in Research Archive
• Pappas, Ilias; Mikalef, Patrik; K., Dwivedi Yogesh; Jaccheri, Maria Letizia & Krogstie, John (2023). Responsible Digital Transformation for a Sustainable Society. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. 25, p. 945–953. doi: 10.1007/s10796-023-10406-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In the ever-evolving area of digital transformation, following responsible and sustainable practices is essential. This editorial article discusses the importance of responsible digital transformation, emphasizing the need for academia, private and public organizations, civil society, and individuals to work together in developing digital business models that generate shared value while addressing societal challenges. The article highlights the emergence of corporate digital responsibility (CDR) and the shift from industry 4.0 to industry 5.0, which focuses on human-centric approaches and human-AI partnerships. Furthermore, it underscores the need for interdisciplinary research and systematic approaches encompassing various dimensions of sustainability. By integrating sustainable ICT principles into digital transformation initiatives, organizations can contribute to a more sustainable and responsible digital future. The suggestions in this paper, coupled with the nice research contributions included in the special issue, seek to offer a broader foundation to support responsible digital transformations for sustainable societies.

• Rana, Nripendra P.; Kar, Arpan Kumar; Gupta, Manish; Pappas, Ilias & Papadopoulos, Thanos (2023). Unravelling the dark side of sharing economy – Managing and sustaining B2B relationships on digital platforms. Industrial Marketing Management. ISSN 0019-8501. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.06.002. Full text in Research Archive
• Spanaki, Konstantina; Zamani, Efpraxia D.; Jayawickrama, Uchitha; Olan, Femi; Liu, Shaofeng & Pappas, Ilias (2023). Information Management in Times of Crisis: the Role of Mindfulness and Digital Resilience for Individuals and Organisations. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-023-10419-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Human Centred AI in public service provision. Full text in Research Archive
• Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Human Centred AI: Human-AI Partnerships for the Public Interest. Full text in Research Archive
• Griva, Anastasia; Dennehy, Denis; Pappas, Ilias; Mäntymäki, Matti; Pouloudi, Nancy & Dwivedi, Yogesh K [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Artificial intelligence and analytics in practice. Journal of Decision Systems (JDS). ISSN 1246-0125. doi: 10.1080/12460125.2022.2122218. Full text in Research Archive
• Dennehy, Denis; Griva, Anastasia; Pouloudi, Nancy; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Mäntymäki, Matti & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Information Systems: Perspectives to Responsible AI. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-022-10365-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Ansvarlig AI - Responsible AI. Full text in Research Archive
• Dennehy, Denis; Griva, Anastasia; Pouloudi, Nancy; Mäntymäki, Matti & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Artificial intelligence for decision-making and the future of work. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102574. Full text in Research Archive
• Mikalef, Patrick; Pappas, Ilias; Krogstie, John; Jaccheri, Maria Letizia & Rana, Nripendra P. (2021). Editors’ reflections and introduction to the special section on ‘Artificial Intelligence and Business Value’. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102313. Full text in Research Archive
• Dennehy, Denis; Griva, Anastasia; Pouloudi, Nancy; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Pappas, Ilias & Mäntymäki, Matti (2021). Preface. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12896, p. v–ix. Full text in Research Archive
• Crivellari, Ilaria; Parmiggiani, Elena; Farshchian, Babak A.; Hara, Karen Walseth & Pappas, Ilias (2026). Shaping Digitally Competent Immigrants’ Pathways to Digital Citizenship: A Case Study in the Nordic Countries. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet. ISSN 9788235303301. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Nordic countries have adopted "digital-by-default" strategies for public service delivery, expecting residents to interact with government through digital self-service channels, and become digital citizens. Accessing these services demands more than basic digital skills, it requires contextual administrative knowledge, language proficiency, and institutional familiarity. These demands are particularly challenging for immigrants, including those who are digitally competent and thus presumed self-sufficient. Administrative burdens embedded in digital-by-default services compound these challenges, and exclusion in digital societies is therefore shaped by socio-technical rather than purely technological factors. In this situation, digitally competent immigrants are increasingly adopting Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) conversational agents to interpret information, complete administrative tasks, and mediate their interactions with the state, creating both new opportunities and new risks. Drawing on Sen's Capability Approach, this thesis examines how digitally competent immigrants pursue digital citizenship as a process of acquiring opportunities to act, through institutional encounters, social interactions, and emerging technologies. The study is based on a four-year case study across four Nordic countries (Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland), combining two complementary perspectives: public sector employees' service delivery practices and immigrants' direct experiences navigating digital public services. This research adopts a mixed‑methods design, combining qualitative interviews and observations with descriptive statistics and fuzzy‑set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). Findings show that digital citizenship for digitally competent immigrants is a dynamic, negotiated process at the intersection of institutional mediation, individual capability configurations, and technologies that simultaneously open and restrict possibilities. The thesis theoretically contributes to IS and Digital Government research by introducing a capability-based conceptualization of digital citizenship, analyzing how capabilities are generated, and investigating GenAI conversational agents as a strategy for reducing administrative burdens. Empirically, it shows how digitally competent immigrants, including those states actively seek to attract, face substantial barriers in navigating the public sector shaped by digital tools, institutional arrangements, and frontline practices. Practically, it offers actionable guidance for policymakers on how to address administrative burdens, fragmented digital portals, and rigid institutional routines.

• Opland, Leif Erik & Pappas, Ilias (2024). Employee-driven digital innovation: Insights from interventions in public organizations. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet. ISSN 9788232682119. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Digital innovation is an important, powerful tool for organizations pursuing digital transformation. Differing from traditional innovation in its characteristics, digital innovation can be both faster and cheaper as well as make it easier for employees to get involved and contribute. In many contexts, employees can even be decisive in whether digital innovation succeeds. In that light, if organizations want to be able to utilize digital innovation their employees can be an important resource for innovation and provide valuable contributions. In recent decades, the literature on innovation has shifted focus to more democratic innovation approaches, as exemplified by open innovation, user-driven innovation, and employee-driven innovation. The shift in focus stems from the acknowledgment that organizations can and should exploit more of the potential for innovation that they possess beyond what their research and development units and experts can achieve. Those approaches may include stakeholders in the organization’s environment as well as employees. This thesis assumes that employees can constitute a decisive resource for digital innovation in organizations. Employees’ knowledge about the delivery of products and services and about the resources and structure of their organizations can provide a basis for important contributions to further developing value creation and value delivery at organizations, especially when organizations face increasing challenges with digitalization and digital transformation. But this involvement does not happen automatically in organizations, and if organizations seek to utilize this potential to a greater extent, it must be clearly valued by the management and facilitated. In this thesis, I investigate how the phenomenon of employee-driven digital innovation can contribute to increase innovation in organizations and, in turn, provide opportunities for digital transformation. My investigation is based on data collected in five empirical studies that were conducted in three case organizations and that form the basis for an action research approach. In those studies, I identified drivers of and barriers to employee-driven digital innovation based on the literature from adjacent concepts related to innovation. In turn, those insights were used to identify hackathons as a method of facilitating employee-driven digital innovation. The studies were performed in the context of public organizations, because the literature only partly sheds light on that context in research on employee-driven digital innovation. This thesis aims to contribute to lifting the black box that surrounds employee-driven digital innovation in public organizations and to inspire employees and practitioners in public organizations to explore opportunities at their disposal and participate in more innovation-oriented activities. On that count, the major contribution of the thesis is twofold. First, it expands knowledge on employee-driven digital innovation by identifying drivers and barriers that organizations need to consider when seeking to increase their innovation-oriented activity. Second, it offers new insights into using hackathons as a method of facilitating employee-driven digital innovation. Both the theoretical and practical contributions of the thesis can serve as starting points for academics and practitioners who want to delve deeper into the phenomenon of employee-driven digital innovation.

• Kabudi, Tumaini; Pappas, Ilias & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2023). Towards Designing AI-Enabled Adaptive Learning Systems. Universitetet i Agder. Full text in Research Archive

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