Heidi Elizabeth Klockmann

• Cavirani‐Pots, Cora; Belder, Marijke De & Klockmann, Heidi (2026). Semi‐Lexicality: The State of the Art. Language and Linguistics Compass. 20(4). doi: 10.1111/lnc3.70044. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper is a state of the art paper on the linguistic phenomenon ‘semi‐lexicality’. We discuss what a semi‐lexical item is, namely an item which is typically considered to be from a lexical, open class (noun, verb, adjective) but which shows morphosyntactic and/or semantic properties that are usually associated with elements from functional, closed classes (quantifiers, auxiliaries, etc.), and its theoretical relevance for the field of generative linguistics. In the first part of the paper, we relate the notion of semi‐lexicality within generative linguistics to the notions of fuzziness and gradience in the fields of cognitive and functional linguistics. In the second part, we discuss earlier and later approaches to semi‐lexicality within the generative framework. In the third part, we discuss the connection between grammaticalisation and semi‐lexicality, with a particular focus on recent generative approaches which explicitly tie these two notions together in one formal analysis.

• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth & Garshol, Lenka (2024). Agreement Errors in Norwegian L1, English L2 Quantity Pseudopartitives. Revue roumaine de linguistique. ISSN 0035-3957. 69(3-4), p. 307–325. doi: 10.59277/RRL.2024.3-4.17. Full text in Research Archive
• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth (2021). Deconstructing base numerals English and Polish 10, 100, and 1000. In Dočekal, Mojmír & Wągiel, Marcin (Ed.), Formal approaches to number in Slavic and beyond. Language Science Press. ISSN 9783961103140. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5082474. Full text in Research Archive
• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth (2020). The article a(n) in English quantifying expressions: A default marker of cardinality. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics. 5(1). doi: 10.5334/gjgl.1151. Full text in Research Archive

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• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth & Garshol, Lenka (2025). Grammaticalizing from N to Q in Polish and Slovak pseudopartitives: A corpus-based study of case marking patterns. Full text in Research Archive
• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth & Garshol, Lenka (2025). From head noun to quantifier in English, Slovak, and Polish pseudopartitives. Full text in Research Archive
• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth (2024). An ocean of pseudopartitives: Metaphorical expressions of quantity in the English pseudopartitive. Full text in Research Archive
• Gebbia, Chiara Astrid & Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth (2024). Shape/movement collocations of water size nouns. Full text in Research Archive
• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth (2024). Category gradience in a feature-based generative approach: English pseudopartitives. Full text in Research Archive
• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth & Garshol, Lenka (2024). The role of grammaticalization in pseudopartitive agreement paradoxes. Full text in Research Archive
• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth & Garshol, Lenka (2023). Agreement errors in Norwegian L1, English L2 pseudopartitives. Full text in Research Archive
• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth (2023). What’s in your lexicon? A view from semi-lexicality. Full text in Research Archive
• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth; Belder, Marijke De & Cavirani-Pots, Cora (2021). Semi-lexicality: Syntax or lexicon? Full text in Research Archive
• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth (2020). A generative perspective on semi-lexicality. Full text in Research Archive
• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth (2019). On the many ways of being a base numeral: Numerals 10, 100, and 1000 in Polish and English. Full text in Research Archive
• Klockmann, Heidi Elizabeth (2019). Decomposing cardinals. Full text in Research Archive

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