Karl-Heinz Frank Reichert

• Madshaven, Julie Madelen; Spanos, Apostolos; Omlin, Christian Walter Peter; Reichert, Frank & Simonsen, Christian Robere (2025). AI-ASSISTED GAME-BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS: BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES. INTED Proceedings. doi: 10.21125/inted.2025.1217. Full text in Research Archive
• Vicuna, Fernando Antonio Portilla; Gerdes, Martin; Reichert, Frank & Chaltikyan, Georgi (2024). Reference Information Model and Interoperable Architecture for Digital Health Twins: A Position Paper. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. ISSN 0926-9630. 316, p. 344–345. doi: 10.3233/SHTI240414. Full text in Research Archive
• Madshaven, Julie Madelen; Markseth, Tonje Fjeldstad; Jomås, David Bye; Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert; Ottestad, Morten & Reichert, Frank [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Investigating the User Experience of Virtual Reality Rehabilitation Solution for Biomechatronics Laboratory and Home Environment. Frontiers in Virtual Reality. 2. doi: 10.3389/frvir.2021.645042. Full text in Research Archive
• Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert; Schulz, Renee Patrizia; Reichert, Frank & Konnestad, Morgan (2019). Using Multi-touch Multi-user Interactive Walls for Collaborative Active Learning. In Stephanidis, Constantine & Antona, Margherita (Ed.), HCI International 2019 – Late Breaking Posters. Springer Nature. ISSN 9783030307110. p. 192–199. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-30712-7_26. Full text in Research Archive
• Gerdes, Martin; Smaradottir, Berglind; Reichert, Frank & Fensli, Rune Werner (2015). Telemedicine and Cooperative Remote Healthcare Services: COPD Field Trial. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. ISSN 0926-9630. 210, p. 455–457. doi: 10.3233/978-1-61499-512-8-455. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The introduction of sustainable telemedicine solutions throughout Europe requires the development of secure, flexible and expandable systems and the evaluation of their operation in real-world settings such as field trials. This paper describes a system for a remote monitoring and care support field trial with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. By following a user-centred-development and Privacy by Design approach, the needs of all involved user groups could be addressed, while fulfilling, at the same time, national requirements with emphasis in security and privacy protection. The solution covers specific applications and services for COPD patients and their remote care takers, but allows the generalization of its applicability to other patient groups.

• Schulz, Renee Patrizia; Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert & Reichert, Frank (2015). Ethical Issues of Gamified ICT Tools for Higher Education, IEEE Conference on e-Learning, e-Management and e-Services (IC3e 2015). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781467394369. p. 27–31. doi: 10.1109/IC3e.2015.7403481. Full text in Research Archive
• Schulz, Renee Patrizia; Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert & Reichert, Frank (2015). Investigating teachers motivation to use ICT tools in higher education, 2015 INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS (ITA) PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781479980369. p. 62–67. doi: 10.1109/ITechA.2015.7317371. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  There are a lot of information and communication technology (ICT) tools for education, but the motivation to use those varies from teacher to teacher. In this paper we present results of an international survey on teachers' use of ICT tools in education. The purpose of the survey was to find out what motivates teachers to use ICT tools in the context of teaching. The survey also intended to reveal which tools are used as well as the needs and requirements that are not covered by the existing tools. Most of the 45 respondents suggested that the integration of tools depends on how well they fit into the learning and teaching process and how easy it is to integrate them. The first category of indicated influencing factors comprises human factors like the teachers' skills, attitudes and opinions towards the tools. The second category is about intrinsic values including teachers' satisfaction, level of interest, joy and entertainment. The third category of influencing factors consists of user requirements towards ICT tools such as usability, level of interactivity, adaptability and meeting learning requirements. There are also issues related to limited teacher-student interaction. This study suggests that teachers should be more involved in designing ICT tools for education. It is also indicated that gamified ICT tools could be promising to enhance the intrinsic motivation for teaching and learning processes.

• Gerdes, Martin; Smaradottir, Berglind; Reichert, Frank & Fensli, Rune Werner (2015). Telemedicine and Cooperative Remote Healthcare Services: COPD Field Trial. In Cornet, Ronald; Stoicu-Tivadar, Lăcrămioara; Hörbst, Alexander; Calderón, Carlos Luis Parra; Andersen, Stig Kjær & Hercigonja-Szekeres, Mira (Ed.), Digital Healthcare Empowering Europeans, Proceedings of MIE2015. IOS Press. ISSN 9781614995111. p. 455–457. doi: 10.3233/978-1-61499-512-8-455. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The introduction of sustainable telemedicine solutions throughout Europe requires the development of secure, flexible and expandable systems and the evaluation of their operation in real-world settings such as field trials. This paper describes a system for a remote monitoring and care support field trial with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. By following a user-centred-development and Privacy by Design approach, the needs of all involved user groups could be addressed, while fulfilling, at the same time, national requirements with emphasis in security and privacy protection. The solution covers specific applications and services for COPD patients and their remote care takers, but allows the generalization of its applicability to other patient groups.

• Gerdes, Martin; Reichert, Frank; Nytun, Jan Pettersen & Fensli, Rune Werner (2015). Reference Design for Smart Collaborative Telehealth and Telecare Services based on IoT Technologies. In Arabnia, Hamid R.; Deligiannidis, Leonidas & Tran, Qouc-Nam (Ed.), 2015 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781467397957. p. 817–820. doi: 10.1109/CSCI.2015.135. Full text in Research Archive
• Gerdes, Martin; Reichert, Frank; Nytun, Jan Pettersen & Fensli, Rune Werner (2015). Future telehealth and telecare reference dDesign based on IoT technologies: from remote monitoring to smart collaborative services with decision support. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. ISSN 0926-9630. 216, p. 891–891. doi: 10.3233/978-1-61499-564-7-891. Full text in Research Archive
• Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert; Reichert, Frank; Carlsen, Martin & Lian, Thomas Andreé (2014). Using Assessment for Learning Mathematics with Mobile Tablet Based Solutions. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET). ISSN 1868-8799. 9(2). doi: 10.3991/ijet.v9i2.3219. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article discusses assessment for learning in mathematics subjects. Teachers of large classes face the challenge of regularly assessing students’ ongoing mathematical learning achievements. Taking the complexity of assessment and feedback for learning as a background, we have developed a new approach to the assessment for learning mathematics at university level. We devised mobile tablet technology supported assessment processes, and we carried out user studies in both Rwanda and Norway. Results of our study indicated that students found it fruitful to be involved in assessing other students’ mathematics work, i.e. assessing fellow students’ answers to mathematical tasks. By being involved in the assessment process, the students expected mathematical learning gains. Their providing and obtaining of feedback to/from their fellow students using technology supported tools were highly appreciated as regards their own mathematical learning process.

• Schulz, Renee Patrizia; Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert & Reichert, Frank (2014). Supporting Teachers’ Needs Within and Through E-Learning Systems, International Conference on Web & Open Access to Learning, ICWOAL, 2014. Curran Associates, Inc.. ISSN 9781479957392. doi: 10.1109/ICWOAL.2014.7009228. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  These days more and more digital learning and teaching opportunities emerge into the world of higher education. In this upcoming project which is described in this paper, the teachers’ needs, especially their teaching motivation will be regarded. This project is part of a bigger project, where several different faculties will work together. This combination of faculties is beneficial for topics like these, because the approach combines pedagogical and technical knowledge. This topic regarding teachers’ needs deals with the initial and ongoing motivation as well as behavior and attitudes toward current or upcoming ICT systems for education. The main aspect of the project is to specify issues about current systems and analyze requirements for enhanced future e-learning systems. This analysis will spent special attention on requirements for an enhanced teacher motivation. In this paper the motivation and background of the project will be described, as well as the state of the art and the research approach including hypotheses and research questions. Also preliminary results are outlined, which lead to the conclusion that the two major issue areas are interaction support between students and teachers and the individual teaching style. Additionally future directions are described.

• Trinugroho, Dafferianto; Gerdes, Martin; Amjad, Mohammad Mahdi Mahdavi; Reichert, Frank & Fensli, Rune Werner (2013). A REST-Based Publish/Subscribe Platform to Support Things-to-Services Communications. In Gaol, Ford Lumban; Hidayat, Iswahyudi & Susanto, Erwin (Ed.), 19th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC 2013). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781467360487. p. 321–326. doi: 10.1109/apcc.2013.6765964. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The term “Internet of Things” has been used widely in recent years, bringing up a grand idea of connecting physical objects with one another through both wired and wireless networks. Maturity of the Internet Protocol has pushed 21st century communications between devices to go all-IP, which includes everyday objects. Many new services are deployed in the “cloud”, utilising the Internet infrastructure and the Web, and information from everyday objects can play an important role. This paper presents an information integration platform which enables everyday objects to communicate with Internet services based on event-driven service-oriented architecture paradigm. A proof-of-concept prototype that has been developed is also described, and two application scenarios within healthcare domain are presented as well.

• Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert & Reichert, Frank (2013). Revisiting students' privacy in computer supported learning systems. In Shoniregun, Charles A. (Eds.), International Conference on Information Society (i-Society 2013). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781908320131. p. 256–262. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Computer supported learning systems are being deployed in many universities. There is a risk of students' privacy violations as students' personal data, usage data and assessment information are gathered. This issue gets even more complex as data is collected, processed and stored or transmitted over internetworked computing infrastructure. This article discusses aspects of privacy in the context of information systems used for educational purposes. Privacy issues in a learning management system (LMS) are considered, with a special focus on computer based solutions used in student involved assessment of handwritten work. The paper highlights privacy challenges when students have access to some of each other's data for collaborative learning purposes. It also suggests possible approaches to preserving privacy.

• Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert; Reichert, Frank & Carlsen, Martin (2013). Rethinking practices of assessment for learning: Tablet technology supported assessment for learning mathematics. In Lee, Mark J.W. (Eds.), Proceedings of 2013 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering (TALE). IEEE Press. ISSN 9781467363556. p. 155–159. doi: 10.1109/tale.2013.6654419. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article discusses assessment for learning in mathematics subjects. It is challenging for teachers of large classes to regularly assess students’ mathematics in order to help them improve their learning achievement. Given the complexity of assessing and providing feedback for learning, a new approach to assessment for learning was suggested. Media tablet technology supported assessment processes were devised and user studies were conducted in Norway and Rwanda. There are indications that students like to be involved in assessing each other’s mathematics work. Students expect to get learning gains by providing and obtaining feedback to/from their peers using technology supported tools.

• Xiang, Lin; Ge, Xiaohu; Wang, Cheng-Xiang; Li, Frank Yong & Reichert, Frank (2013). Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Cellular Networks Based on Spatial Distributions of Traffic Load and Power Consumption. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. ISSN 1536-1276. 12(3), p. 961–973. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2013.011713.112157. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Energy efficiency has gained its significance when service providers’ operational costs burden with the rapidly growing data traffic demand in cellular networks. In this paper, we propose an energy efficiency model for Poisson-Voronoi tessellation (PVT) cellular networks considering spatial distributions of traffic load and power consumption. The spatial distributions of traffic load and power consumption are derived for a typical PVT cell, and can be directly extended to the whole PVT cellular network based on the Palm theory. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of PVT cellular networks is evaluated by taking into account traffic load characteristics, wireless channel effects and interference. Both numerical and Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the energy efficiency model in PVT cellular networks. These simulation results demonstrate that there exist maximal limits for energy efficiency in PVT cellular networks for given wireless channel conditions and user intensity in a cell.

• Mu, Liping; Prinz, Andreas & Reichert, Frank (2013). Towards Integrated Operations for Ships. In Saccaro, Roberto & Letaief, Khaled Ben (Ed.), 9th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC 2013. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781467324793. p. 941–946. doi: 10.1109/iwcmc.2013.6583683. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Maritime customers will benefit greatly from integrated operations between ship and shore. It requires integrating diverse information services within a variety of communication environments, which is a complex task. The common approach to dealing with complex tasks is to use a divide-and-conquer policy and solve problems independently. Since there are mainly two challenges involved - interoperability among heterogeneous applications and connectivity through difficult maritime networks, to handle them separately has become useful. While interoperability and connectivity solutions work well individually, if we put them together in the maritime context, problems arise. We b services based interoperability solution assumes continuous connectivity to the network, which is usually not available in the maritime environment. Though adapting applications to such network conditions will help, existing implementations are mostly specialized and non-generic. Therefore, negotiation between separate solutions is needed: 1) applications must adapt to different connectivity situations but in a service-oriented manner; 2) networks need to mediate the adaptiveness and follow the service-oriented trend. As a concrete example, we suggest to implement the negotiation via incremental deployment from wrapping existing mediation capabilities as We b services towards a possibly service-oriented network architecture, where mediation mechanisms and communication resources are standard services invoked directly by applications.

• Trinugroho, Dafferianto; Rasta, Kamyar; Nguyen, Trinh Hoang; Gerdes, Martin; Fensli, Rune Werner & Reichert, Frank (2012). A LOCATION-INDEPENDENT REMOTE HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM UTILISING ENTERPRISE SERVICE BUS. IADIS International Journal on WWW/Internet. ISSN 1645-7641. 10(2), p. 88–106. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Telehealth has been widely used in recent years to provide healthcare services at a distance. It supports eliminating space barriers and improves access to healthcare services, as well as alleviates cost burden of healthcare services by moving non-urgent treatments from healthcare premises to patients’ homes. This is currently feasible to achieve by employing portable on-body wireless sensors for reading vital signs within Wireless Body Area Networks, and Internet technologies. This information is then forwarded to a back-end server, and responsible personnel (doctors, nurses, family members etc.) are notified in a real-time manner. However, patients may leave their homes for some walks and their vital information is still needed to be monitored remotely by their care providers. Thus, indoor-outdoor scenarios should also be considered by the end-to-end system. This paper presents an architecture for a location-independent remote health monitoring system by utilising Enterprise Service Bus for centralised data integration from different data sources. A prototype, which has been implemented as a proof-of-concept, is also presented.

• Trinugroho, Dafferianto; Rasta, Kamyar; Nguyen, Trinh Hoang; Fensli, Rune Werner & Reichert, Frank (2012). A REAL-TIME WEB-BASED HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON ENTERPRISE SERVICE BUS. In White, Bebo & Isaías, Pedro (Ed.), Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet 2012. IADIS Press. ISSN 9789898533098. p. 165–172. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Remote health monitoring is becoming more prevalent in recent years, mainly to support deployments of telehealth services run by health service providers. Telehealth is one of the most promising solutions to tackle geographical issues related to healthcare provisioning and to improve timely dissemination of health-related information from distantly-located patients to healthcare personnel. In addition, telehealth can alleviate the cost burden of healthcare services by moving non-urgent treatments from healthcare premises to patients’ homes. Patients of chronic diseases in particular and elderly people in general may require real time monitoring of their health status wherever they are. This is currently feasible to achieve by employing portable on-body wireless sensors for reading vital signs within Wireless Body Area Networks, and Internet technologies. These information is then forwarded to a remote health monitoring server and responsible personnel (doctors, nurses, family members etc.) are notified in a real-time manner. This paper presents an architecture for a real-time web-based health monitoring system by utilising Enterprise Service Bus for centralised data integration from different data sources. An early prototype of the implementation result is also presented.

• Trinugroho, Dafferianto; Reichert, Frank & Fensli, Rune Werner (2012). An Ontology-Enhanced SOA-Based Home Integration Platform for the Well-Being of Inhabitants. In Macedo, Mário (Eds.), Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference e-Health 2012. IADIS Press. ISSN 9789728939700. p. 159–164. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Smart homes are expected to provide better services to inhabitants, supporting independence especially to elderly people in living their lives. Home automation system plays an important role in supporting the well-being of inhabitants, reducing necessary human interventions in achieving different tasks. Sensors, actuators, and various devices are required to be installed in smart homes to provision context-aware services. This paper presents a home integration platform architecture based on Service-Oriented Architecture paradigm that can be used to integrate the functionalities of different devices. A proposed ontology to enhance the automated reasoning process is also presented, and several example scenarios related to safety and security at home utilising the Semantic Web Rule Language rules are described as well.

• Trinugroho, Dafferianto; Reichert, Frank & Fensli, Rune Werner (2012). EHEALTH SMART HOME ENVIRONMENT SERVICE PLATFORM - Enabling Remote Monitoring and Service Composition through Social Media. In Conchon, Emmanuel; Correia, Carlos; Fred, Ana & Gamboa, Hugo (Ed.), HEALTHINF 2012 Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Informatics. SciTePress. ISSN 9789898425881. p. 434–438. Full text in Research Archive
• Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert; Reichert, Frank & Nyberg, Svein Olav (2012). TOWARDS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY SUPPORTED PEER-TO-PEER ASSESSMENTS INTO MATHEMATICS EDUCATION:Experiences with iPad Mobile Tablet Technology. In Helfert, Markus (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computer Supported Education CSEDU2012. INSTICC (Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication). ISSN 9789898565075. p. 119–125. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper addresses technology supported formative assessment in university mathematics education. The challenges of formative assessment are the requirements for regular feedback and more student engagement in the learning process. This paper suggests integrating peer-to-peer assessment in mathematics education, using mobile tablet technology. The students are engaged in providing feedback to each other and the technology allows for fast and regular feedback provision. The paper presents the results of experiments with undergraduate engineering students, using iPad tablets and a learning management system. It is shown that mobile tablet technology can greatly contribute to the integration of peer-to-peer assessment into mathematics education; and providing peer-feedback is a practical approach to formative assessment.

• Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert & Reichert, Frank (2012). Developing a formative assessment system for mathematics using mobile technology: A student centred approach. In Berri, Jawad (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Education and e-Learning Innovations, Sousse, Tunisia, 1-3 July2012. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9789938951141. p. 567–572. doi: 10.1109/iceeli.2012.6360619. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The success of mobile technology for learning tools depends not only on the technical design aspects but also on pedagogical issues. Students’ involvement in designing the tools is one of the key factors for their engagement in technology supported learning. Students should be actively involved in developing innovative solutions which are likely to improve their skills as well as their performance. In this study work, the students participated in iterative design processes of a mobile tablet based peer-to-peer assessment system (P2PASS) for mathematics, and in real life deployment on a mathematics course. The paper reports on two major concepts: the user centred design in practice and the pedagogical implications of formative assessment in mathematics education at university level. The improvements on the usability aspects of the P2PASS system are discussed together with the potential role that such a system could play in collaborative learning of mathematics.

• Trinugroho, Dafferianto; Fensli, Rune Werner & Reichert, Frank (2012). Design Recommendations for a Reliable Body-Worn Patient Monitoring and Alarming Service. In Balasingham, Ilangko; Suzuki, Jun; Gu, T.; Kim, Anna N. & Chavez-Santiago, Raul (Ed.), Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Body Area Networks (Bodynets) 2012. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 9781936968602. doi: 10.4108/icst.bodynets.2012.249950. Full text in Research Archive
• Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert; Reichert, Frank & Konnestad, Morgan (2012). A NOVEL APPROACH TO THE APPLICATION OF SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGIES TO STUDENT CENTRED LEARNING. In Sánchez, Inmaculada Arnedillo; Isaías, Pedro & Rodrigues, Luis (Ed.), PROCEEDINGS OF THE IADIS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE MOBILE LEARNING 2012. IADIS Press. ISSN 9789728939663. p. 296–301. Full text in Research Archive
• Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert; Øysæd, Halvard & Reichert, Frank (2011). FUTURE CONCEPTS FOR UNIVERSITY TEACHING AND LEARNING. In Sánchez, Inmaculada Arnedillo; Isaías, Pedro & Rodrigues, Luís (Ed.), PROCEEDINGS OF THE IADIS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE MOBILE LEARNING 2011. IADIS Press. ISSN 9789728939458. p. 307–309. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  University teaching and learning in the 21st century and beyond requires novel approaches to meet the imperatives of global challenges. With increasing numbers of university goers and a multitude of Information and Communication technologies, higher education institutions are embracing various technological innovations to enhance teaching and learning. This paper presents the state-of-the-art of university teaching, and provides new concepts for teaching and learning at university level. A novel technology enabled constructivist learning is proposed as a framework for future university teaching.

• Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert; Carlsen, Martin; Øysæd, Halvard & Reichert, Frank (2011). On the Mobile Technology Enabled Peer-Evaluation: A User Centric Approach. In Kizza, Joseph Migga; Lynch, Kathy & Nath, Ravi (Ed.), Strengthening the Role of ICT in Development. Fountain Publishers. ISSN 9789970251285. p. 272–285. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In collaborative learning, learners at various performance levels work together towards a common goal through both formal and non-formal learning. There is a risk of underperformance for learners unless they can monitor their progress. One solution to cope with underperformance is to allow learners to take part in their regular evaluation and feedback by peer-evaluation. Peer-evaluation encourages active participation, and gives learners an opportunity to compare their work to those of others, which leads to positive competition. On the other hand, peer-evaluation gives the teacher an overview of the learners’ perspectives and expectations from each other which can translate their own understanding of the subject matter. Peer-evaluation presents many challenges in terms of organization, management, usability and technology support. This paper discusses the mobile technology supported peer-evaluation including a review of existing approaches and a user-centric approach to mobile peer-evaluation. We have adopted an exploratory interview study with a target user group consisting of engineering students who have completed at least one mathematics course at university level. The results obtained have allowed us to fine tune a mobile peer-evaluation system design framework which is presented in this paper.

• Trinugroho, Dafferianto; Reichert, Frank & Fensli, Rune Werner (2011). A SOA-Based eHealth Service Platform in Smart Home Environment. In Barb, Adrian (Eds.), Healthcom 2011: 2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781612846972. p. 201–204. doi: 10.1109/health.2011.6026745. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The increasing demand for a good healthcare quality has brought Information and Communication Technology to an important role in healthcare domain. The trend in decreasing number of formal healthcare workers gives further pressure to move non-urgent treatments to the patients’ homes. However, delivering healthcare services to meet the changing needs of inhabitants in a smart home requires an open and flexible service creation and integration environment so that the modification of existing services as well as creation of new services can be achieved in a timely manner. This paper presents a vision of a logical integration platform in a smart home environment, integrating various devices and services by adopting the Service- Oriented Architecture paradigm to provide interoperability, modularity, and reusability of different service components.

• Yazidi, Anis; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Oommen, John; Reichert, Frank & Gerdes, Martin (2011). An Intelligent Architecture for Service Provisioning in Pervasive Environments, Proceedings, 2011 International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA'11). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781612849195. p. 524–530. doi: 10.1109/inista.2011.5946134. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The vision of pervasive environments is being realized more than ever with the proliferation of services and computing resources located in our surrounding environments. Identifying those services that deserve the attention of the user is becoming an increasingly-challenging task. In this paper, we present an adaptive multi-criteria decision making mechanism for recommending relevant services to the mobile user. In this context Relevance is determined based on a user-centric approach that combines both the reputation of the service, the user's current context, the user's profile, as well as a record of the history of recommendations. Our decision making mechanism is adaptive in the sense that it is able to cope with users' contexts that are changing and drifts in the users' interests, while it simultaneously can track the reputations of services, and suppress repetitive notifications based on the history of the recommendations. The paper also includes some brief but comprehensive results concerning the task of tracking service reputations by analyzing and comprehending Word-of-Mouth communications, as well as by suppressing repetitive notifications. We believe that our architecture presents a significant contribution towards realizing intelligent and personalized service provisioning in pervasive environments.

• Yazidi, Anis; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Oommen, John; Gerdes, Martin & Reichert, Frank (2011). A User-Centric Approach for Personalized Service Provisioning in Pervasive Environments. Wireless Personal Communications. ISSN 0929-6212. 61(3), p. 543–566. doi: 10.1007/s11277-011-0387-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The vision of pervasive environments is being realized more than ever with the proliferation of services and computing resources located in our surrounding environments. Identifying those services that deserve the attention of the user is becoming an increasingly- challenging task. In this paper, we present an adaptive multi-criteria decision making mechanism for recommending relevant services to the mobile user. In this context, “Relevance” is determined based on a user-centric approach that combines both the reputation of the service, the user’s current context, the user’s profile, as well as a record of the history of recommendations. Our decision making mechanism is adaptive in the sense that it is able to cope with users’ contexts that are changing and drifts in the users’ interests, while it simultaneously can track the reputations of services, and suppress repetitive notifications based on the history of the recommendations. The paper also includes some brief but comprehensive results concerning the task of tracking service reputations by analyzing and comprehendingWord-of-Mouth communications, as well as by suppressing repetitive notifications. We believe that our architecture presents a significant contribution towards realizing intelligent and personalized service provisioning in pervasive environments.

• Santhi, Ram Kumar Ravikumar; Häber, Andreas; Yazidi, Anis & Reichert, Frank (2010). Towards a Relation Oriented Service Architecture, Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS), 2010 Second International Conference on. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781424454877. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Over the past three decades, the Internet has evolved from a point to point, open, academic network to an applications and services oriented critical infrastructure. The Internet has become a vital component of society today, from its simple origin as an academic research project. During this transition, numerous applications and usages of the network emerged that cannot be efficiently implemented by adhering to the original design tenets of the Internet. Some of the tenets have been broken, others diluted and new ones are emerging to accommodate new paradigms. Moreover, applications and services have been moving slowly but consistently towards a uniform model based on Service Oriented Approach (SOA). The shift towards abstract models, objects and services however is not efficiently supported by the underlying delivery platforms, especially the legacy Internet architecture. An architectural rethinking is necessary at the network level well to accommodate future services, applications and routing priorities. We argue that there is a pressing need to move towards a next generation network architecture built to natively support network resource abstraction, mobility, security, enhanced routing, privacy, context communications, QoS, parallel processing, heterogeneous networking etc. This change should be manifested according to the principles of SOA to ensure interoperability, backwards compatibility and migration. In this paper, we propose 'relationship' as the glue that can hold together various available services and discuss the motivation behind the thoughts to introduce the tenets for the new architecture in the form of a new framework called ROSA. We define 'Relation' as an association among dynamically collaborating nodes, devices and services in a network, characterized by 'relationship metrics'

• Yazidi, Anis; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Lin, M.; Wen, X; Oommen, John & Gerdes, Martin [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2010). Learning Automaton Based On-Line Discovery and Tracking of Spatio-temporal Event Patterns. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 6230, p. 327–338. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Discovering and tracking of spatio-temporal patterns in noisy sequences of events is a difficult task that has become increasingly pertinent due to recent advances in ubiquitous computing, such as community-based social networking applications. The core activities for applications of this class include the sharing and notification of events, and the importance and usefulness of these functionalites increases as event-sharing expands into larger areas of one?s life. Ironically, instead of being helpful, an excessive number of event notifications can quickly render the functionality of event-sharing to be obtrusive. Rather, any notification of events that provides redundant information to the application/user can be seen to be an unnecessary distraction. In this paper, we introduce a new scheme for discovering and tracking noisy spatio-temporal event patterns, with the purpose of suppressing reoccurring patterns, while discerning novel events. Our scheme is based on maintaining a collection of hypotheses, each one conjecturing a specific spatio-temporal event pattern. A dedicated Learning Automaton (LA) ? the Spatio-Temporal Pattern LA (STPLA) ? is associated with each hypothesis. By processing events as they unfold, we attempt to infer the correctness of each hypothesis through a real-time guided random walk. Consequently, the scheme we present is computationally efficient, with a minimal memory footprint. Furthermore, it is ergodic, allowing adaptation. Empirical results involving extensive simulations demonstrate the STPLA?s superior convergence and adaptation speed, as well as an ability to operate successfully with noise, including both the erroneous inclusion and omission of events. Additionally, the results included, which involve a so-called ?Presence Sharing? application, are both promising and in our opinion, impressive. It is thus our opinion that the proposed STPLA scheme is, in general, ideal for improving the usefulness of event notification and sharing systems, since it is capable of significantly, robustly and adaptively suppressing redundant information.

• Fasbender, Andreas; Gerdes, Martin; Matsumura, Takeshi; Häber, Andreas & Reichert, Frank (2009). Media Delivery to Remote Renderers Controlled by the Mobile Phone, 2009 6th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference. IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. p. 2–2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In today¿s content delivery solutions, service delivery and control are still tightly coupled, a service typically being delivered to the same device that controls the session. We present a solution that was designed with the goal to decouple service control and delivery. Using our approach, multimedia streaming services can be delivered to off-the-shelf DLNA devices in visited networks. The service provider receives information about the remote media player and access environment via a mobile phone. Proximity technologies (e.g. barcodes, NFC) of the control device are used for the exchange of required credentials. This paper describes a typical scenario and our prototype implementation.

• Ge, Xiaohu; Li, Frank Y. & Reichert, Frank (2009). An enhanced TCP congestion avoidance scheme and its performance evaluation in high speed satellite networks. In IEEE, ICICS (Eds.), Information, Communications and Signal Processing, 2009. ICICS 2009. 7th International Conference on (ICICS). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9781424446575. p. 1–5. doi: 10.1109/ICICS.2009.5397691. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  High speed satellite communication networks are emerging as part of the future global wireless communication systems. However, existing transmission control protocols for satellite networks do not provide satisfactory performance over high speed satellite links due to their inefficient congestion avoidance algorithms. This paper identifies the reason for low throughput of a widely used protocol space communications protocol specification (SCPS) in such networks and proposes a new transmission control protocol (TCP) congestion avoidance algorithm to overcome the drawback of the congestion avoidance algorithm used in the SCPS protocol. Numerical results through simulations demonstrate that the proposed new algorithm can achieve significant throughput improvement over links with variable error rates, compared with its legacy counterpart.

• Häber, Andreas; Mier, Jesús Gómez Ruiz De & Reichert, Frank (2009). Virtualization of Remote Devices and Services in Residential Networks, Proceedings of Third International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services, and Technologies. IEEE Press. ISSN 9780769537863. p. 182–186. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Lately solutions for remote access for residential services have been proposed. However, these solutions require modifications to the service controllers. In addition, remote access adds complexity to the client application. We propose here a solution for decoupling remote access from the client itself with an entity that creates virtual instances of remote services in a local network. Thereby, clients will be able to discover the virtual instance and use it. Moreover, client applications do not need to distinguish between local and remote services hence reducing complexity.

• Häber, Andreas; Gerdes, Martin; Reichert, Frank; Fasbender, Andreas & Kumar, Ram (2008). Using SIP Presence for Remote Service Awareness, NIK 2008 : Norsk informatikkonferanse. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. p. 117–127. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Residential networks usually protect its devices and services behind firewalls and use private IP addresses. Therefore, appliances within a residential network cannot be discovered and utilized from external networks by standardized technologies as UPnP. In this paper, we present our concept of ¿Service Presence¿, based on the 3GPP Presence Service that makes the service presence information remotely discoverable.

• Fasbender, Andreas; Hoferer, Stefan; Gerdes, Martin; Matsumura, Takeshi; Häber, Andreas & Reichert, Frank (2008). Phone-controlled Delivery of NGN Services into Residential Environments, Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies, 2008. NGMAST '08. The Second International Conference on. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). p. 196–203. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The horizontally layered architecture of the IMS/NGN standards family enables the delivery of services independent of access network and requesting device. In this article, the authors propose a further separation of service control and delivery, allowing the requesting device ¿ in particular a user¿s mobile phone ¿ to invite other devices ¿ we will focus on DLNA appliances ¿ into the service delivery, thereby enhancing both user experience and service design flexibility. The proposed solution builds on exploiting proximity technologies (e.g. barcodes, NFC) for pairing the control device with a remote environment. Motivated by scenarios, the architecture concepts are explained and a prototype implemented for validation is described. Selected findings and a short overview of related standardization efforts conclude the paper.

• Häber, Andreas; Gerdes, Martin; Reichert, Frank; Fasbender, Andreas & Kumar, Ram (2008). Delivering Services to Residential Appliances by Utilizing Remote Resource Awareness, Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies, 2008. NGMAST '08. The Second International Conference on. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). p. 161–166. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Service providers are nowadays offering a variety of services, and in particular multimedia content delivery. Besides, consumer appliances are increasingly becoming digitalized including support for communication networks. However, it is difficult, and in many cases impossible, to use these services with standard consumer appliances, such as TV and media player devices. Rather, usage is often restricted so that they can only be accessed through web browsers from PCs, mobile phones and similar terminals. This is unfortunate, because dedicated consumer appliances are often better suited to handle the content and thereby give consumers a better experience. Within this paper, three design approaches that support such services are described and compared, along with a prototype that shows this concept.

• Häber, Andreas; Gerdes, Martin; Reichert, Frank; Fasbender, Andreas & Kumar, Ram (2007). Remote Service Usage through SIP with Multimedia Access as an Use Case, Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2007. PIMRC 2007. IEEE 18th International Symposium on. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). p. 1–5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The IP Multimedia Subsystem is under deployment, as an IP-based service control and access infrastructure, but how it interconnects with residential appliances is currently unclear. With IMS access for the residential appliances they can be used as both service consumers and service providers. In this paper we present a protocol which allows residential services to be remotely invoked, through the IMS, and consumed in a different network, along with a prototype implementation and early results. With our protocol services of two distinct service protocol systems can cooperate.

• Reichert, Frank & Fitzek, Frank H.P (2007). Introduction to Mobile Phone Programming, Mobile Phone Programming and its Application to Wireless Networking. Springer. p. 3–20. Full text in Research Archive

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• Sundbø, Haakon & Reichert, Frank (2024). Hvordan bruke KI i skolen? Full text in Research Archive
• Nilsen, Ann Christin Eklund; Haaland, Hanne; Leer-Helgesen, Arnhild; Revheim, Cecilie & Reichert, Frank (2023). En verden av muligheter? Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2023). AI and Education. Full text in Research Archive
• Madshaven, Julie Madelen; Sundbø, Haakon & Reichert, Frank (2023). Enhancing the digital skills of teachers in an online setting. Full text in Research Archive
• Gerdes, Martin; Smaradottir, Berglind; Reichert, Frank & Fensli, Rune Werner (2015). Telemedicine and Cooperative Remote Healthcare Services: COPD Field Trial. Full text in Research Archive
• Gerdes, Martin; Reichert, Frank; Nytun, Jan Pettersen & Fensli, Rune Werner (2015). Future Telehealth and Telecare Reference Design based on IoT Technologies: From Remote Monitoring to Smart Collaborative Services with Decision Support. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank & Thorstensen, Rein Terje (2014). Håper på forskningsmillioner. [Journal]. SPENN. Full text in Research Archive
• Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert & Reichert, Frank (2012). Exploring the peer assessment in university mathematics learning using media tablets. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2012). State of the art and opportunity in mobile phone based payments for bus tickets. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2012). CWI - Norwegian Center for Wireless Innovation. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2012). UiA´s PhD education and research in NRST. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2012). I fremtiden vil vi gjøre alt annerledes? Sørlandsliv. p. 2–2. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2012). Mobile operator perspective and music business. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2012). Kan UiA bidra mer til innovasjon i offentlig sektor? Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2012). CWI: Academic and Industry Research. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2012). Innovation and Industry in the Agder Region. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2012). Technology studies & research at UiA. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2012). Worries and concerns of future end users. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank & Kløkstad, Geir Øivind (2012). Technology studies at UiA - Group 1. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2012). Tanker om fremtidens Campus og samarbeid med næringslivet. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2011). Honary Lecture: Future Mobile Applications. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2011). Research and education at Faculty of Engineering & Science at University of Agder. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2011). Routing Strategies in Ad Hoc Networks. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2011). Mobile Networks from Operators’ Perspective. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2011). Research and PhD education at UiA. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2011). "Back to the Future", om fremtidens læring. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2011). The Future of the university - does it have one? Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2011). Future Mobile Applications. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2011). Muligheter og utfordringer for Lister regionens næringsliv. Full text in Research Archive
• Prasad, Ramjee & Reichert, Frank (2011). Special Issue on "Internet of Things and Future Applications" (Selected Topics from the CWI/CTIF Workshop on October 25-26, 2010 in Grimstad, Norway). Wireless Personal Communications. ISSN 0929-6212. 61(3), p. 491–493. doi: 10.1007/s11277-011-0414-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2011). iFrank med mer enn iPads. [Journal]. Karrieredagen 2011. Full text in Research Archive
• Prasad, Ramjee & Reichert, Frank (2011). Editorial: Special Issue on "5G Workshop on Networks, Services and Applications" Selected topics from the 1st Joint Workshop between Center for TeleInFrastruktur (CTIF), Denmark and Center for Wireless Innovation (CWI), Norway, October 8, 2009, Aalborg, Denmark. Wireless Personal Communications. ISSN 0929-6212. 57(3), p. 313–316. doi: 10.1007/s11277-010-0068-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2008). New ICT Technology and Trends. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2008). UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2008). Delivering services to residential appliances by utilizing remote resource awareness. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2008). Delivering services to residential appliances by utilizing remote resource awareness. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank (2008). Delivering services to residential appliances by utilizing remote resource awareness. Full text in Research Archive
• Kumar, Ram; Reichert, Frank; Häber, Andreas; Aasgaard, Anders & Wu, Lian (2007). Migration of Enterprise VoIP/SIP Solutions towards IMS. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Voice-over-IP (VoIP) solutions are now widely spread and accepted by end-users. For an enterprise customer it is increasingly difficult to choose one of the numerous VoIP solutions which are available today. What options exist for an enterprise VOIP/Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) solution to migrate from today¿s solutions towards interoperability with future IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) solutions, and what would motivate such an upgrade? We visualize four such solutions and position them along a possible migration roadmap. A common VoIP/SIP/IMS research platform is necessary as a test-bed for establishing an environment for development of future ¿All IP¿ products and services.

• Häber, Andreas; Reichert, Frank & Fasbender, Andreas (2006). UPnP Control Point for Mobile Phones in Residential Networks. Full text in Research Archive
• Reichert, Frank; Häber, Andreas; Gerdes, Martin; Fasbender, Andreas & Loudon, Gareth (2006). "Sven and the Media Portal" - A Nomadic Use Case for the Extended Home. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Networked and Electronic Media Technology Platform (NEM) [5] states that users will consume an “innovative mix of various media forms, delivered seamlessly over technologically transparent networks, to improve the quality, enjoyment and value of life. [6] visualizes a future use case and some of the challenges that need to be addressed before the NEM vision becomes reality.

• Bjørgo, Frode; Baartman, Desire; Rom, Iselin Bøge; Grønås-Werring, Morten & Reichert, Frank (2021). Micro-credentials for life-long learning. Oxford Research. Full text in Research Archive
• Almås, Elsa Mari; Aas, Fam Karine Heer; Hennum, Ragnhild Helene; Holter, Øystein Gullvåg; Larsen, Morten Kjerstad & Larsen, Arne Martin [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2019). Rapport fra Arbeidsgruppen mot mobbing og trakassering i UH-sektoren (UHRMOT). Universitetet i Agder. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Universitets- og høgskolerådet (UHR) opprettet i februar 2018 en arbeidsgruppe som skulle bidra til å samordne UH-institusjonenes innsats for å kartlegge, forebygge og sikre gode systemer for varsling og oppfølging av mobbing, trakassering og seksuell trakassering for ansatte og studenter.

• Trinugroho, Dafferianto; Reichert, Frank & Fensli, Rune Werner (2014). Service-Oriented Architecture for Patient-Centric eHealth Solutions. Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 9788271177775. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The world is in shortage of about 7.2 million healthcare workers in 2013, and the figure is estimated to grow to 12.9 million by 2035, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). On the other hand, the median age of the world’s population was predicted to increase from 26.6 years in 2000 to 37.3 years in 2050, and then to 45.6 years in 2100. Thus further escalating the need for new and efficient healthcare solutions. Telehealth, telecare, and Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) solutions promise to make healthcare services more sustainable, and to enable patients to live more independently and with a higher quality of life at their homes. Smart homes will host intelligent, connected devices that integrate with the Internet of Things (IoT) to form the basis of new and advanced healthcare systems. However, a number of challenges needs to be addressed before this vision can be actualised. These challenges include flexible integration, rapid service development and deployment, mobility, unified abstraction, scalability and high availability, security and privacy. This thesis presents an integration architecture based on Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) that enables novel healthcare services to be developed rapidly by utilising capabilities of various devices in the patients’ surroundings. Special attention is given to a service broker component, the Information Integration Platform (IIP), that has been developed to bridge communications between everyday objects and Internet-based services following the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) principles. It exposes its functionalities through a set of RESTfulWeb services, and maintains a unified information model which enables various applications to access in a uniform way. The IIP breaks the traditional vertical “silo” approach of integration, and handles information dissemination task between information providers and consumers by adopting a publish/subscribe messaging pattern. The feasibility of the IIP solution is evaluated both through prototyping and testing the platform’s representative healthcare services, e.g., remote health monitoring and emergency alarms. Experiments conducted on the IIP reveal how performance aspects are affected by needs for security, privacy, high availability, and scalability.

• Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert; Reichert, Frank; Carlsen, Martin & Konnestad, Morgan (2013). Enhancing Mathematics Learning Through Peer Assessment Using Mobile Tablet Based Solutions. Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 9788271177317. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Higher education is facing unprecedented challenges with an increasing demand for high quality education, driven by tougher global competition. Student numbers are fast growing at most universities, whereas the sources of funding are not proportionally increasing. Subsequently, the teaching staff’s workload gets higher and higher hence putting the quality standards at risk. As class sizes increase, it becomes more difficult to learn in a highly teacher-controlled environment, since the teacher cannot sufficiently address individual student’s needs. Therefore, a teacher should be conceptually seen as a facilitator for students, who provides them with guidance and opportunities to explore and make sense of their subjects of study. Sustainable quality education requires novel approaches to teaching and learning, to provide the best education with a minimum amount of resources. For instance, students should be encouraged to be more active in their learning rather than being passive receivers of the instruction. This study calls for a fundamental shift from instructionism (a teacher focussed educational practice) towards constructivism (a student focussed educational practice); keeping in mind that a combination of both practices may be needed in certain cases. In addition to adopting the appropriate educational praxis, innovations in educational technology can further enhance the learning experience. Mobile media tablets are gaining popularity with university students as technology matures. Besides communication and digital media consumption as their primary functions, the latest mobile media tablets can also be used for data production and processing in teaching and learning contexts. This work revisits the practice of peer assessment as a means of formative assessment. Based on user centred design principles, engineering students at the University of Agder (Norway) and Kigali Institute of Science and Technology (Rwanda) were involved in developing a media tablet technology supported peer assessment system. The students’ role in system development is reported as well as their active learning through peer assessment of mathematics assignments. Results of the experimental study generally showed improvements in the technical usability of the system throughout the development cycle. Analysis of the pedagogical usability criteria suggests that there are possible learning gains of using such a system. The findings indicate that peer feedback has a potential to improve students’ learning achievement and that media tablets hold a promising solution in learning mathematics and related subjects. Furthermore, the challenges of implementing effective peer assessment systems supported by new information and communication technology are discussed.

• Reichert, Frank (2012). It's our time. Universitetet i Agder. Full text in Research Archive
• Pedersen, Per Egil; Oleshchuk, Vladimir; Methlie, Leif B.; Nysveen, Herbjørn; Gjerde, Irena & Godø, Helge [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2007). Structural conditions, business models and customer value in heterogeneous network services. Samfunns- og Næringslivsforskning. ISSN 9788249105038. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This report presents a prestudy of five network services: corporate VoIP, mobile VoIP, mobile broadband, multi play services, and macine-to-machine communication services. A structure-conduct-performance (SCP) framework has been used to study what influences business model innovations in heterogeneous network services. The study dicusses modifications to the SCP approac used as well as the feasibility of the services for more in depth studies. Three services have been selected for empirical studies on the supply and demand sides.

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