Enrique Blanco Gonzalez

• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Jorde, Per Erik; Jentoft, Sissel; Robalo, Joana Isabel & Naito, Mana (2026). Selection Against Hybrids Maintains Genetic Divergence Between Populations of a Coastal Cleaner Fish Translocated Across a Genetic Break. Evolutionary Applications. 19(3). doi: 10.1111/eva.70214. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Genetic divergence between populations and/or species is mainly driven by reproductive isolation, that is, reduced gene flow, due to either pre- and/or postzygotic barriers. In this study, we investigate the role of (i) reproductive ecological interactions and (ii) mechanisms of evolutionary isolation between two genetically differentiated populations of a coastal fish species, corkwing wrasse Symphodus melops, in a large semi-natural mesocosm basin over a 2-year period. Corkwing wrasse is one of the main cleaner fish species used by the salmon aquaculture industry in Europe, where translocation is a common practice. The parentage analysis performed on the group of offspring survivors at the end of the translocation experiment evidenced strong selective winter mortalities in hybrid offspring (with mixed parental origin). Additionally, it suggested unprecedented assortative mating patterns in corkwing wrasse. Fish of west Norwegian origin experienced stronger intensity of sexual selection and displayed higher relative reproductive success (RRS) than individuals of southern origin under the experimental conditions. Size of the breeder and alternative sneaking behavior in males are two phenotypic traits often selected to attract potential mates and maximize reproductive fitness. However, neither of them had a significant effect on offspring production. Hence, our results suggest that other traits related to mate choice and competition, not examined here, could play a major role. Our results revealed strong selection against hybrids and potential assortative mating between southern and western corkwing wrasses population as two major contemporary drivers reshaping the historical genetic divergence associated to founder events during post-glacial recolonization in Norway. We discuss the relevance of our findings for aquaculture-based fisheries enhancement systems, resource management and conservation.

• Mao, Wei; Geng, Xiaoxiao; Huai, Zhiwen; Huang, Wanxin; Chen, Guangcheng & Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Synergistic effects of interconnectivity among coral reefs, seagrass beds, and mangroves under climate change. The Innovation Geoscience. 4(1). doi: 10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2026.100189. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The interconnectivity among coral reefs, seagrass ecosystems, and mangroves (CSM) forms a critical ecological continuum that sustains biodiversity, enhances resilience to environmental stressors, and supports coastal communities. This study reviews the synergistic interactions between these interconnected ecosystems under climate change, highlighting their importance in carbon sequestration, ocean acidification, shoreline protection, and biodiversity conservation. We examine how cross-ecosystem fluxes of organisms, nutrients, and energy enhance resistance and recovery to climate stressors, including ocean acidification, sea level rise, and marine heat waves. Despite their critical role, these ecosystems face significant vulnerability, and their continued decline poses a direct threat to coastal resilience and ecosystem services. The review emphasizes the necessity of maintaining habitat connectivity, which is integral to species survival and ecosystem function. A comprehensive conservation strategy is proposed, advocating for a polycentric governance model to address the complexities of CSM interactions, incorporating multiple stakeholders to promote sustainable management and policy coordination. Critical research gaps are identified, particularly in understanding the underappreciated role of seagrasses in marine conservation and the poorly understood spillover effects between CSM ecosystems. The study calls for a unified, evidence-based approach to coastal management that enhances the resilience of CSM ecosystems, mitigates climate impacts, and ensures the long-term sustainability of these invaluable systems for future generations.

• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Albretsen, Jon (2025). Multidisciplinary Seascape Ecology Approaches for Sustainable Fisheries Management and Biodiversity Conservation in the Skagerrak Region. Journal of Integrated Field Science. ISSN 2434-4761. 22, p. 6–9. doi: 10.50974/0002006743. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Understanding patterns and mechanisms driving biodiversity structure and functional connectivity in the oceans is fundamental for management, conservation and restoration purposes. Integration of complementary data obtained using different types of approaches and methods can help to elucidate patterns, causes and mechanisms shaping marine connectivity. Focusing on the Skagerrak region, this manuscript revises earlier work integrating molecular and biophysical modelling within a seascape framework. It also discusses how comprehensive integration of ‘omics approaches, oceanographic modelling with different types of geospatial, ecological, environmental and behavioral data under natural and experimental settings will provide crucial information into functional ecological connectivity across complex seascapes for sustainable fisheries management and biodiversity conservation in the Skagerrak region.

• Ahmad, Shahid; Wanghe, Kunyuan; Jialing, Li; Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Syms, Craig & Strelnikov, Ivan Igorevich [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2025). Climate-Driven Morphological Variation in Passerine Birds. Global Ecology and Biogeography. ISSN 1466-822X. 34(11). doi: 10.1111/geb.70164. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim Climate change exerts selective pressures on avian morphology; nevertheless family-specific adaptive pathways remain poorly studied. We explore the connections between morphometric traits and climate for 59 bird species of Passeriformes families. Location South America. Time Period Current. Major Taxa Studied Birds. Methods We quantify climate-morphology relationships in 59 South American passerine species (n = 14,447 individuals; families Furnariidae, Tyrannidae and Thraupidae) using mixed-effects models incorporating PCA-derived seasonality metrics, spatial covariance modelling and temporal random effects with phylogenetic correction. Results Our findings demonstrate that body mass declined with temperature seasonality but exhibited family specificity. Furnariidae showed negative temperature associations, while Thraupidae responded positively to precipitation seasonality. Tarsus length decreased with precipitation across families, whereas wing length increased with temperature seasonality but declined under precipitation. Bill dimensions demonstrated the strongest climate sensitivity: length increased with temperature but decreased with precipitation seasonality. Random effects showed divergent phenotypic plasticity: Thraupidae displayed high temporal variance in bill length, indicating climate responsiveness, whereas body mass was temporally conserved. Habitat, diet and foraging behaviour showed no importance overall but were significant for Furnariidae essentially for body size, wing length and bill width. We found that forest-dwelling ground foragers exhibited smaller body size, shorter wings and large bills. Main Conclusions Our results showed that bill dimensions (length/width/depth) change more dramatically across climate gradients than body size traits (mass, tarsus, wing). These family-specific response hierarchies highlight differential vulnerability to climate change in Neotropical passerines.

• Liu, Yajie; Rafoss, Trond; Turbis, Luis F. Oliva & Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Stakeholders' perception and willingness-to-pay for an aquaculture-based fisheries enhancement program for coastal cod in Southern Norway. Aquaculture. ISSN 0044-8486. 591, p. 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.741111. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  he coastal cod fishery in Southern Norway has experienced a significant decline over the last decades. Recre ational fishing for cod in the eastern part of the country is currently banned. Fisheries managers have adopted a variety of strategies to sustain the populations for resource users. Aquaculture-based fisheries enhancement has been considered as an alternative intervention to rebuild overexploited cod stock or to improve the opportunity for marine fishing. However, there has been a debate regarding its ecological and social effectiveness among stakeholders. In this paper, we conducted an online contingent valuation survey aiming to understand stake holders’ perceptions and attitude towards restocking of hatchery-produced juveniles as a potential restoration approach to rebuild depleted coastal cod populations and their willingness to pay for the implementation of such an enhancement program in southern Norway. Results indicate that the public has a positive perception to the potential restocking program. The average Willingness-To-Pay (WTP), e.g. fishing license fee, is approximately 175 NOK and 693 NOK if all of the respondents, and only counting those who are willing to, contribute. The introduction of a minimum fishing license fee of 175 NOK (approximately 17€) would cover the cost of pro duction of over 20 million juvenile cod of appropriate size for release. Age of the respondents, the frequency of their fishing trips, and their perception of the decline of coastal cod were the main drivers for the WTP contribution while the amount of the WTP was strongly correlated to targeting particular species, educational level, and place of residence. Considering the critical situation of the coastal cod populations in southern Nor way, together with the significant advances in cod rearing techniques, in fish tagging technology and the maturation of fisheries enhancement as science, and the positive stakeholders’ perceptions and attitudes towards such an aquaculture-based enhancement program revealed from this study, it may be the time to re-evaluate the potential integration of a holistic cod restocking program within Norwegian coastal zone management.

• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Boer, Femke de (2021). The development of the Norwegian wrassefishery and the use of wrasses as cleanerfish in the salmon aquaculture industry (Review Article). Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. ISSN 0021-5392. 87(4), p. 322–322. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Boer, Femke de (2021). Correction to: The development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses as cleaner fish in the salmon aquaculture industry. Fisheries Science. ISSN 0919-9268. 87(3), p. 425–426. doi: 10.1007/s12562-021-01502-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Boer, Femke de (2021). The development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses as cleaner fish in the salmon aquaculture industry. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. ISSN 0021-5392. 87(4), p. 322–322. doi: 10.2331/suisan.125J. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2019). Biological Control of Sea Lice Infestation in the Norwegian Salmon Aquaculture: Are Cleaner Fish a Solution? Journal of Integrated Field Science. ISSN 2434-4761. 16, p. 2–3. Full text in Research Archive
• Mattingsdal, Morten; Jorde, Per Erik; Knutsen, Halvor; Jentoft, Sissel; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Sodeland, Marte [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Demographic history has shaped the strongly differentiated corkwing wrasse populations in Northern Europe. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 29(1), p. 1–12. doi: 10.1111/mec.15310. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Understanding the biological processes involved in genetic differentiation and divergence between populations within species is a pivotal aim in evolutionary biology. One particular phenomenon that requires clarification is the maintenance of genetic barriers despite the high potential for gene flow in the marine environment. Such patterns have been attributed to limited dispersal or local adaptation, and to a lesser extent to the demographic history of the species. The corkwing wrasse (<i>Symphodus melops</i>) is an example of a marine fish species where regions of particular strong divergence are observed. One such genetic break occurred at a surprisingly small spatial scale (<i>F</i>_ST ~0.1), over a short coastline (<60 km) in the North Sea‐Skagerrak transition area in southwestern Norway. Here, we investigate the observed divergence and purported reproductive isolation using genome resequencing. Our results suggest that historical events during the post‐glacial recolonization route can explain the present population structure of the corkwing wrasse in the northeast Atlantic. While the divergence across the break is strong, we detected ongoing gene flow between populations over the break suggesting recent contact or negative selection against hybrids. Moreover, we found few outlier loci and no clear genomic regions potentially being under selection. We concluded that neutral processes and random genetic drift e.g., due to founder events during colonization have shaped the population structure in this species in Northern Europe. Our findings underline the need to take into account the demographic process in studies of divergence processes.

• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Torstensnes, Ingrid & Naito, Mana (2019). Embryonic development in corkwing wrasse, Symphodus melops. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. ISSN 0893-8849. 50(5), p. 993–1001. doi: 10.1111/jwas.12610. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Corkwing wrasse, <i>Symphodus melops</i>, is one of the main species used as cleaner fish to combat sea lice infestation in salmon aquaculture; however, there is little knowledge about its biology. Here, we describe the embryonic development of this species and examine the viability of the eggs under three temperature regimes. The experiments were conducted at three water temperature regimes, 12, 15, and 18°C, which resemble common sea water temperatures registered during the spawning season of corkwing wrasse at different latitudes along the Norwegian coast. Corkwing wrasse spawn small spherical eggs of 0.75–0.80 mm in diameter (mean 0.78, CV = 3.6%) with several oil droplets and go through eight developmental stages until hatching. The shortest hatching time was registered after 144 hr at 18°C and after 222 and 372 hr at 15 and 12°C, respectively. These observations provide important baseline biological information to advance the establishment of commercial rearing techniques and sustainable fishing management practices for this heavily exploited species.

• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Espeland, Sigurd Heiberg; Jentoft, Sissel; Hansen, Michael Møller; Robalo, Joana I. & Stenseth, Nils Christian [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Interbreeding between local and translocated populations of a cleaner fish in an experimental mesocosm predicts risk of disrupted local adaptation. Ecology and Evolution. 9(11), p. 6665–6677. doi: 10.1002/ece3.5246. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Translocation of organisms within or outside its native range carries the risk of modifying the community of the recipient ecosystems and induces gene flow between locally adapted populations or closely related species. In this study, we evaluated the genetic consequences of large‐scale translocation of cleaner wrasses that has become a common practice within the salmon aquaculture industry in northern Europe to combat sea lice infestation. A major concern with this practice is the potential for hybridization of escaped organisms with the local, recipient wrasse population, and thus potentially introduce exogenous alleles and breaking down coadapted gene complexes in local populations. We investigated the potential threat for such genetic introgressions in a large seminatural mesocosm basin. The experimental setting represented a simulated translocation of corkwing wrasse (<i>Symphodus melops</i>) that occurs on a large scale in the Norwegian salmon industry. Parentage assignment analysis of mesocosm's offspring revealed 30% (195 out of 651 offspring) interbreeding between the two populations, despite their being genetically (<i>F</i>_ST = 0.094, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and phenotypically differentiated. Moreover, our results suggest that reproductive fitness of the translocated western population doubled that of the local southern population. Our results confirm that human translocations may overcome the impediments imposed by natural habitat discontinuities and urge for immediate action to manage the genetic resources of these small benthic wrasses.

• Mattingsdal, Morten; Jentoft, Sissel; Tørresen, Ole K.; Knutsen, Halvor; Hansen, Michael Möller & Robalo, Joana I. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). A continuous genome assembly of the corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops). Genomics. ISSN 0888-7543. 110(6), p. 399–403. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.04.009. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Boer, Femke de (2017). The development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses as cleaner fish in the salmon aquaculture industry. Fisheries Science. ISSN 0919-9268. 83(5), p. 661–670. doi: 10.1007/s12562-017-1110-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Norway leads the world aquaculture production of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and farmed Norwegian Atlantic salmon is currently consumed around the globe. However, sea lice infestation is a major problem faced by the salmon aquaculture industry in Norway and elsewhere. The use of wild-caught cleaner fish, mainly wrasses, has been recommended over the other available methods as the most economical and environmentally friendly option to control sea lice infestation in salmon farming. Here, we review the development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses as cleaner fish. In this document, we address the sea lice problem and introduce the main wrasse species employed as cleaner fish, document the cleaning behaviour of wrasses, present the development of a new wrasse fishery associated with the salmon aquaculture industry, and finally, we identify the main challenges associated with the intensive use of wild-caught cleaner wrasses and provide some insight for future directions of the wrasse fishery and further development of aquaculture techniques to supply salmon facilities with domesticated cleaner fish.

• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Knutsen, Halvor & Jorde, Per Erik (2016). Habitat discontinuities separate genetically divergent populations of a rocky shore marine fish. PLOS ONE. 11(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163052. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Habitat fragmentation has been suggested to be responsible for major genetic differentiations in a range of marine organisms. In this study, we combined genetic data and environmental information to unravel the relative role of geography and habitat heterogeneity on patterns of genetic population structure of corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops), a rocky shore species at the northern limit of its distribution range in Scandinavia. Our results revealed a major genetic break separating populations inhabiting the western and southern coasts of Norway. This genetic break coincides with the longest stretch of sand in the whole study area, suggesting habitat fragmentation as a major driver of genetic differentiation of this obligate rocky shore benthic fish in Scandinavia. The complex fjords systems extending along the western coast of Norway appeared responsible for further regional genetic structuring. Our findings indicate that habitat discontinuities may lead to significant genetic fragmentation over short geographical distances, even for marine species with a pelagic larval phase, as for this rocky shore fish.

• Knutsen, Halvor; Jorde, Per Erik; Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Eigaard, Ole Ritzau; Pereyra, Ricardo T. & Sannæs, Hanne [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2015). Does population genetic structure support present management regulations of the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis)in Skagerrak and the North Sea? ICES Journal of Marine Science. ISSN 1054-3139. 72, p. 863–871. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu204. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Aritaki, Masato; Knutsen, Halvor & Taniguchi, Nobuhiko (2015). Effects of large-scale releases on the genetic structure of red sea bream (Pagrus major, Temminck et Schlegel) populations in Japan. PLOS ONE. 10(5), p. 1–20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125743. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Knutsen, Halvor; Jorde, Per Erik; Glover, Kevin & Bergstad, Odd Aksel (2014). Genetic analyses of ling (Molva molva) in the Northeast Atlantic reveal patterns relevant to stock assessments and management advice. ICES Journal of Marine Science. ISSN 1054-3139. 72(2), p. 635–641. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu135. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The ling, Molva molva, is a commercially exploited demersal gadid fish distributed throughout the Northeast Atlantic. Here, we provide the first study of population genetic structure by genotyping 6 geographically distinct samples with 11 microsatellite DNA markers. The results rejected the hypothesis of a single ling stock in the Northeast Atlantic, and rather suggested the existence of two or more groups, with the main grouping represented by a western (comprising Rockall and Iceland) and an eastern group (Faroe Bank, Norway). Significant genetic differences coincide with an expanse of deep water that probably limits connectivity facilitated by migration. Retention in gyres and directional oceanic circulation may also prevent drift and admixture during planktonic life stages. On the other hand, the apparent absence of genetic differentiation within the eastern part of the distribution range indicates gene flow, perhaps by larval drift and migration, over considerable distances. Our findings should contribute to improving stock assessments and monitoring and thus fisheries management advice for the ling.

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• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2025). Sørlandsfiskerne ønsker utsetting av flere millioner fisk i fjordene. [Internet]. UiA newsletter. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Rafoss, Trond; Gaeta, Federico Håland & Moksness, Erlend (2025). Gir vi opp torsken? [Journal]. Fædrelandsvennen. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Rafoss, Trond; Gaeta, Federico Håland & Moksness, Erlend (2025). Gir vi opp torsken? [Journal]. Småfisker'n NR 1/25 - 41, pp. 18-19.. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Gaeta, Federico Håland & Svensen, Erling (2025). Fra tang til teknologi: dykkerklubb gir barn og unge en makebit av livet i havet gjennom sommerskole. [Journal]. Agder Flekkefjord Tidende. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2025). Sørlandsfiskerne ønsker utsetting av flere millioner fisk i fjordene. [Internet]. UiA newsletter. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Gaeta, Federico Håland & Svensen, Erling (2025). Dykket i lærdom: sommerskolen er en stor suksess! [Journal]. Agder Flekkefjord Tidende. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2025). Fishermen in Southern Norway seek the release of millions of fish into fjords. partner.sciencenorway.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Rafoss, Trond; Gaeta, Federico Håland & Moksness, Erlend (2025). Gir vi opp torsken? [Internet]. Fædrelandsvennen. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2025). Vil sette ut flere millioner fisk i fjordene på Sørlandet. [Internet]. NRK News. Full text in Research Archive
• Heymans, Sheila; Lericolais, Gilles; Kellett, Paula; Piniella, Ángel Muñiz; Alexander, B. & Perez, Ana Rodríguez [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2025). Navigating the Future VI: Ocean science for earth challenges. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2025). Working as a marine biologist: an exciting retrospective experience. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2025). Seascape ecology: towards understanding the drivers of biodiversity change and establishing optimal management strategies for marine ecosystems. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2025). Utsetting av torskeyngel. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Sørlandsfiskerne ønsker utsetting av flere millioner fisk i fjordene. https://forskning.no/. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Rognaldsen, Eirik & Skifjeld, Anne (2024). Lite torsk langs Sørlands­kysten – forskere vil ta grep. [Journal]. Kristiansand. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Forskere vil styrke bestanden av kysttorsk på Sørlandet med anlegg på land. [Journal]. Altaposten. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Bringing cod back to the fjords – voices for restoration in Agder. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Forskere vil styrke bestanden av kysttorsk på Sørlandet med anlegg på land. [Journal]. Brønnøysunds Avis. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Forskere vil styrke bestanden av kysttorsk på Sørlandet med anlegg på land. [Journal]. Folkebladet. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Forskere vil styrke bestanden av kysttorsk på Sørlandet med anlegg på land. [Journal]. Addresseavisen. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Forskere vil styrke bestanden av kysttorsk på Sørlandet med anlegg på land. [Journal]. ABC Nyheter. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Vil sette ut torskeyngel i fjorden. [Journal]. Fædrelandsvennen, Kristiansand. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Forskere vil styrke bestanden av kysttorsk på Sørlandet med anlegg på land. [Journal]. Teknisk Ukeblad. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Tørresen, Anna Rut (2024). Vil redde kysttorsken med oppdrett i anlegg på land. [TV]. Nrk Sørlandet. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Vil sette ut millionar av småfisk i fjordene. [Internet]. Nett.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Restoration efforts to rebuild coastal cod populations in southern Norwegian fjords. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Vil sette ut fleire millionar småfisk i fjordene. [Internet]. Nyss. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Implementation of molecular approaches for restoration and management of marine resources: experiences from the Skagerrak coast of Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Implementation of molecular approaches for restoration and management of marine resources: experiences from the Skagerrak coast of Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2024). Restoration efforts to rebuild coastal cod populations in southern Norwegian fjords. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Gaeta, Federico Håland (2023). Na er resultatet fra lokale havnespy undersokelser kommet. [Journal]. Agder Flekkefjords Tidende. Full text in Research Archive
• Liu, Yajie; Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Turbis, Luis F. Oliva (2023). Socio-economic perception of fisheries enhancement in Agder. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Gaeta, Federico Håland (2023). Vær oppmerksom på «havnespyet». [Journal]. Agder Flekkefjords Tidende. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2023). Recent scientific advances in coastal cod ecology & genetics: a potential for restocking? Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Gaeta, Federico Håland (2023). Dette er en fremmed art den truer med a innta flekkefjord. [Journal]. Agder Flekkefjords Tidende. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2020). Programa completa ciclo de repoblamientos en apoyo de la pesca artesanal. [Internet]. Mundo Acuicola. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2020). Chile: Apostando por el cultivo de moluscos y nuevas especies. [Journal]. Magazine Aqua 239, pp. 10-13.. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2020). Programa tecnológico liderado por la UNAP finalizó investigación con exitoso repoblamiento de erizos. [Internet]. Aqua. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2019). Difunden técnicas para el repoblamiento de recursos bentónicos. [Internet]. Aqua. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2019). El deber en la transmisión de conocimientos. [Internet]. Santo Tomás en Linea. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Ruby & Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2019). Restricted translocations needed to preserve cleaner fish genetic diversity: study. [Journal]. Hatchery International. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2019). Centro CAPIA UST, difunde técnicas para el repoblamiento de recursos bentónicos. [Internet]. Mundo Acuicola. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2019). Genetic monitoring contributes to preserve local genetic diversity and the adaptive potential of translocated wrasses, and insights into the threat of climate change. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Præbel, Kim & Fuentes, Owen Simon Wangensteen (2019). Unfolding the secrets of environmental DNA as the next generation survey tool. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2019). Survival of the fittest, adaptive response of cleaner fish and the implications for sea lice eating performance. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2019). Current challenges in the Norwegian salmon aquaculture: are cleaner fish a solution? Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2018). Técnicas de cultivo y repoblación de erizo de mar y abalone en Europa y Japón "Rearing techniques and releases of sea urchin and abalone in Europe and Japan". Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Jentoft, Sissel; Hansen, Michael Møller; Knutsen, Halvor; Sodeland, Marte & Mattingsdal, Morten [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Understanding adaptation in translocating wrasses. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2018). Cleaner wrasses and their use in salmon farming in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Pontecorvo, Emily (2018). On Fish Farms, Peppermint Shrimp Clean Up Nicely. [Journal]. Hakai Magazine. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2018). Recent advances in corkwing wrasse biology research. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2017). Técnicas de cultivo y repoblación de erizos de mar en Europa y Japón. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Arve, Olsen Jan & Arve, Olsen Jan (2017). Forskere kaller leppefisken for et ikke-bærekraftig eksperiment. [Internet]. Forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Leppefisken skal holde lakselusa i sjakk. Men nå er forskere bekymret for hvordan den påvirker resten av havet

• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2017). Project update and next steps discussion. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2017). Adaptive response of translocated fish to climate change. Full text in Research Archive
• Mattingsdal, Morten & Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2017). Population genomics (whole genome re-seq) analysis of corkwing wrasse. Full text in Research Archive
• Mattingsdal, Morten & Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2017). Corkwing wrasse genome analysis. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2017). Erizo y loco con potencial para diversificar la acuicultura chilena. [Internet]. Aqua. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2017). Consejo para el repoblamiento del erizo rojo y loco tuvo primera sesión en Puerto Montt. [Internet]. Soychile. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2017). Comienza trabajo de Consejo Técnico y Estratégico de proyecto Corfo «ELO» para repoblamiento de erizo rojo y loco. [Internet]. Santo Tomás en Linea. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2017). Chile - Erizo y loco con potencial para diversificar la acuicultura chilena. [Internet]. Oanes. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2016). Cleaner fish as biological control of sea lice infestation in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2016). Project update Havkyst #234328. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Knutsen, Halvor & Jorde, Per Erik (2016). Seascape genomics in a growing fishery: the case of a translocated cleaner fish, the corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops). Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Jorde, Per Erik & Knutsen, Halvor (2015). Climate change and the development of the corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) fishery in Scandinavia: genetic population structure and potential implication of translocated cleaner fish. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2015). Genetic characterization of corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) (grønngylt) populations in Norway and potential for local adaptation. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Knutsen, Halvor & Jorde, Per Erik (2015). Genetic and phenotypic characterization of local and translocated corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) populations. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2015). Corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops): current applications and future challenges for aquaculture and climate change studies. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Knutsen, Halvor & Jorde, Per Erik (2014). Population structure of corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2014). Corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops): translocations and biology. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Knutsen, Halvor; Jorde, Per Erik; Glover, Kevin & Bergstad, Odd Aksel (2014). Population structure of ling (Molva molva) in the Northeast Atlantic and its implications for stock assessments and management advice. Full text in Research Archive
• Lericolais, Gilles; Heymans, Sheila; Beumont, Nicola; Biquet, Juliette Aminian; Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Calderwood, Julia (2025). European Marine Board. Navigating the Future VI: The Ocean’s role in addressing global crises. EMB Policy Brief N° 13, February 2025. ISSN: 0778-3590 ISBN: 9789464206340. 10.5281/zenodo.14192290. European Marine Board. ISSN 9789464206340. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Gaeta, Federico Håland; Svensen, Erling; Naito, Mana; Thjørmøe, P. & Tjåland, Ulf (2024). Project report - Overvåkning og fjerning av havnespy i UNESCO Magma Geopark. Norwegian Environment Agency. Full text in Research Archive
• Lima, A.C.; Machado, R.; Rafoss, Trond; Moyano, Marta; Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Duarte, A. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Blue Control Centre - Architectural specification & requirement analysis. EEA Grants Portugal. Full text in Research Archive
• Lima, A.C.; Machado, R.; Rafoss, Trond; Moyano, Marta; Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Duarte, A. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Blue Control Centre - Solution user manual. EEA Grants Portugal. Full text in Research Archive
• Beumont, Nicola; Biquet, Juliette Aminian; Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Calderwood, Julia; Winter, Renske de & Fonseca, Tainá [Show all 39 contributors for this article] (2024). Navigating the Future VI: Placing the Ocean within the wider Earth system. Position Paper 28 of the European Marine Board. European Marine Board. ISSN 9789464206265. Full text in Research Archive
• Storsæter, Jonas & Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2023). Development of a marine rocky shore sampling device for larvae and juvenile fish and invertebrates. Universitetet i Agder. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Hassan, Adam & Finkenhagen, Benjamin (2023). Assessing fish species composition dynamics in response to lobster fishing season outside Flødevigen. Universitetet i Agder. Full text in Research Archive
• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Gaeta, Federico Håland; Svensen, Erling; Naito, Mana; Thjømøe, Pål & Tjåland, Ulf (2023). Overvåkning og fjerning av havnespy i UNESCO Magma Geopark. Norwegian Environment Agency. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Carpet sea squirt, havnespy, Didemnum vexillum is an invasive colonial tunicate originally from the Northwest Pacific with a tremendous potential to spread mainly via ballast waters and hull fouling as well as during the handling operations of the aquaculture industry. Initially found in Norway in November 2020, th e species represent s a major threat for the local marine biodiversity as well as for the maritime and aquaculture industr ies . A recent study documented the presence of carpet sea squirt in Norway by filtering 10 l of seawater and performing a genetic analysis , qPCR, looking for traces of DNA from the target spec ies. In this study, we tested the effectiveness and sensitivity of two recently developed qPCR assays specifically designed for the detection of carpet sea squirt reducing the volume of filtered seawater to 1 l . This amount of water is a common volume filtered for biodiversity assessment studies that would ease the logistics to sample water by a small boat in areas inaccessible or of difficult access from shore. Later on, the approach was implemented to monitor the potential spread of t he species along the UNESC O Magma Geopark by analyzing 24 samples collected at 8 selected sites in Flekkefjord, in the easter limit of the Geopark. The results evidence the capabilities of eDNA analysis from 1 l seawater for early detection of the invasive colonial tunicate carpet sea squirt. The absence of a positive signal in any of the water samples collected in Flekkefjord suggests that the species has not established in the easter side of the UNESCO Magma Ge opark. However, considering the tremendous capacity of the species to spread rapidly and the current uncertainty on how abiotic and biotic factors may affect the spatial and temporal dynamics and persistence of eDNA in saltwater, further studies should be conducted to measure the spatial and temporal sensitivity of the method by filtering alternative volumes of water . Additional efforts to prevent further spread and removal of established colonies should be also investigated.

• Nilsen, Erling; Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco; Stien, Lars Helge & Hvas, Malthe (2018). Do diploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have a higher swimming capacity than triploid? Universitetet i Agder. Full text in Research Archive
• Torstensnes, Ingrid & Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco (2016). Embryonic development of corkwing wrasse, Symphodus melops. Universitetet i Agder. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Eggs from corkwing wrasse, Symphodus melops were described, photographed and illustrated to characterise the embryonic development of this species. Egg development was divided into 8 stages from fertilisation until hatching with descriptions of key features for each stage. The rate of development in corkwing wrasse eggs at temperatures commonly found along the Norwegian coast (12, 15 and 18 C) was also investigated. The rate of development was faster at higher temperatures. Keywords: labridae, cleaner fish, embryonic development, corkwing wrasse

• Gonzalez, Enrique Blanco & Boer, Femke de (2016). Using morphological features to predict the length of juvenile corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) under semi-natural conditions. University of Aberdeen. Full text in Research Archive

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