Andrew Muteti Musau

• Haugen, Kjetil K. & Musau, Andrew (2025). Do subjective and compensatory scores matter? an empirical analysis of ski jumping competitions. Sports Economics Review (SER). 12(December). doi: 10.1016/j.serev.2025.100061. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper examines the role of compensatory and subjective scoring elements in determining competition outcomes in ski jumping. Using detailed data from seven seasons of men’s World Cup events (2010/11–2016/17), we decompose final scores into their constituent components: jump distance, style points awarded by judges, wind compensation, and gate compensation. We then simulate alternative ranking systems that exclude one or more components to assess how much they matter for event- and season-level standings. Our results show that jump distance alone explains most of the variation in rankings, and that removing style, wind, or gate points individually leads to only modest statistical changes in aggregate correlations. However, even small positional shifts — often one or two places — can be decisive for professional athletes, affecting prize money, sponsorships, and career trajectories. The findings illustrate a central tension in the design of scoring systems: subjective and compensatory elements may appear marginal in statistical terms but can have substantial consequences for individuals and for perceptions of fairness. By situating ski jumping in the broader economics literature on contests, subjective evaluation, and institutional design, we highlight how this case sheds light on the trade-offs between transparency, fairness adjustments, and competitive incentives in performance evaluation systems.

• Musau, Andrew (2024). Stata tip 153: Extracting text data from webpages. The Stata Journal. ISSN 1536-867X. 24(1), p. 169–173. doi: 10.1177/1536867X241233678. Full text in Research Archive
• Krumer, Alexander & Musau, Andrew (2023). Golden Tears : a cross-country study of crying in the Olympics. Emotion. ISSN 1528-3542. 24(2024)(1), p. 27–38. doi: 10.1037/emo0001247. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article studies tears of joy by exploring data on the behavior of gold medalists of all 450 individual events at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympic Games at the end of the medalists’ respective competitions and during the medal ceremonies. We find that women cry more than men, older athletes cry more than younger athletes, athletes from the host country cry more at the end of the competition, and athletes cry more when they receive information on their victory immediately after completing their task. When looking at the socioeconomic characteristics of athletes’ countries, we find that men from countries with larger female labor force participation rates cry more than men from countries with lower female labor force participation, and athletes from countries with higher religious fractionalization cry less than those from countries with lower fractionalization. Finally, we find no relationship between the wealth of a country and the propensity of its athletes of any gender to cry. We discuss possible mechanisms that drive our results and suggest future directions for observational studies on emotions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

• Musau, Andrew (2023). Review of Alan Acock's A gentle introduction to Stata, revised sixth edition. The Stata Journal. ISSN 1536-867X. 23(4), p. 1074–1081. doi: 10.1177/1536867X231212448. Full text in Research Archive
• Furrebøe, Elise Frølich; Nyhus, Ellen K. & Musau, Andrew (2022). Gender differences in recollections of economic socialization, financial self-efficacy, and financial literacy. Journal of Consumer Affairs. ISSN 0022-0078. 57(1), p. 69–91. doi: 10.1111/joca.12490. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The OECD/INFE international surveys of adult financial literacy (OECD/INFE 2016, 2020) show gender differences in financial literacy in developed countries in Europe. In this study, we examine whether these differences can be explained by gender differences in parental economic socialization using the Dutch 2018 DHS household survey. We investigate whether respondents' recollection of economic socialization when young predict their adult economic behavior and self-assessed financial knowledge. The results from ordinal logit and logistic regressions and for nonlinear equations decompositions reveal gender differences in the recollection of economic socialization and in how socialization practices are related to economic behavior and self-assessed financial knowledge. Men have to a greater degree than women been socialized in terms of having paid work outside the home, while women more often than men report that their parents controlled their spending. Moreover, we find gender differences in how men and women benefitted from the same socialization practices.

• Musau, Andrew (2021). Stata tip 143: Creating donut charts in Stata. The Stata Journal. ISSN 1536-867X. 21(4), p. 1069–1073. doi: 10.1177/1536867X211063414. Full text in Research Archive
• Kumbhakar, Subal Chandra; Mydland, Ørjan; Musau, Andrew & Lien, Gudbrand (2020). Disentangling Costs of Persistent and Transient Technical Inefficiency and Input Misallocation: The Case of Norwegian Electricity Distribution Firms. Energy Journal. ISSN 0195-6574. 41(3), p. 143–160. doi: 10.5547/01956574.41.3.skum. Full text in Research Archive
• Musau, Andrew (2020). Stata tip 136: Between-group comparisons in a scatter plot with weighted markers. The Stata Journal. ISSN 1536-867X. 20(2), p. 489–492. doi: 10.1177/1536867X20931008. Full text in Research Archive
• Musau, Andrew; Kumbhakar, Subal Chandra; Mydland, Ørjan & Lien, Gudbrand (2020). Determinants of allocative and technical inefficiency in stochastic frontier models: An analysis of Norwegian electricity distribution firms. European Journal of Operational Research. ISSN 0377-2217. 288, p. 983–991. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2020.06.023. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Recent econometric advances have made it possible to distinguish between persistent and transient tech- nical inefficiency along with allocative inefficiency in stochastic frontier models for panel data. Kumb- hakar et al. (2020) and Lai and Kumbhakar (2019) introduce a methodology that allows for the estimation of these inefficiency components and costs therefrom, while including determinants of both components of technical inefficiency. We extend these models to include technical change and determinants of al- locative inefficiency (input misallocation). Including a set of variables that influence input misallocation, we are able to determine the effects of these variables on the cost of allocative inefficiency. We provide empirical evidence on the costs of all three types of inefficiency using data on 149 Norwegian electricity distribution firms between 20 0 0 and 2016. We find that the cost of input misallocation is only slightly lower than that of technical inefficiency. Our results reject a commonly imposed modeling assumption that firms are fully allocatively efficient.

• Musau, Andrew & Veka, Steinar Svartskuren (2018). Crude oil trade and current account deficits: replication and extension. Empirical Economics. ISSN 0377-7332. doi: 10.1007/s00181-018-1522-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Musau, Andrew (2018). A Replication Study of "Openness, Country Size, and Government Size" (Journal of Public Economics 2009). Public Finance Review. ISSN 1091-1421. p. 1–18. doi: 10.1177/1091142118765786. Full text in Research Archive
• Capizzani, Mario; Mittone, Luigi; Musau, Andrew & Vaccaro, Antonino (2017). Anticipated Communication in the Ultimatum Game. Games. 8(3). doi: 10.3390/g8030029. Full text in Research Archive
• Musau, Andrew (2014). The Place of Mathematical Models in Psychology and the Social Sciences. American Psychologist. ISSN 0003-066X. 69(6), p. 632–633. doi: 10.1037/a0037068. Full text in Research Archive
• Musau, Andrew (2014). Hyperbolic discount curves: a reply to Ainslie. Theory and Decision. ISSN 0040-5833. 76(1), p. 9–30. doi: 10.1007/s11238-013-9361-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ainslie (Theory and Decision, 73, 3-34, 2012) challenges our interpretation of the properties of hyperbolic discount curves in an iterated prisoners' dilemma (IPD) model. In this reply, we discuss the emergence of hyperbolic discount functions in the behavioral economics literature and evaluate their properties. Furthermore, we present a summarized version of our IPD model and evaluate Ainslie's points of contention.

• Güth, Werner; Mugera, Harriet; Musau, Andrew & Ploner, Matteo (2014). Deterministic versus probabilistic consequences of trust and trustworthiness: An experimental investigation. Journal of Economic Psychology. ISSN 0167-4870. 42, p. 28–40. doi: 10.1016/j.joep.2013.11.003. Full text in Research Archive

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• Nyhus, Ellen K.; Otterbring, Tobias & Musau, Andrew (2024). "I Don't Know": The role of personality and financial self-efficacy for the tendency to answer "Don't Know" to financial knowledge questions. Full text in Research Archive
• Lien, Gudbrand; Mydland, Ørjan; Musau, Andrew & Kumbhakar, Subal (2019). Including determinants of allocative and technical inefficiency in a stochastic frontier analysis framework. Full text in Research Archive
• Kumbhakar, Subal Chandra; Mydland, Ørjan; Musau, Andrew & Lien, Gudbrand (2018). Disentangling persistent and transient technical and allocative inefficiency: The case of Norwegian electricity distribution firms. Full text in Research Archive
• Musau, Andrew; Nyhus, Ellen K. & Webley, Paul (2015). Saving motives and saving behaviour. Full text in Research Archive

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