Jaziar Radianti

• Aarland, Mari; Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2023). Using System Dynamics to Simulate Trust in Digital supply Chain. In Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; LaLone, Nicolas & Khazanchi, Deepak (Ed.), 20th Global Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference (ISCRAM 2023). ISCRAM. ISSN 979-8-218-21749-5. p. 516–529. doi: 10.59297/CAGD9224.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth; Steen-Tveit, Kristine & Rustenberg, Kjetil (2023). Enhancing Learning from Incidents by Reconstruction of Events: Using the SQUARE Tool for Evaluation. In Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; LaLone, Nicolas & Khazanchi, Deepak (Ed.), 20th Global Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference (ISCRAM 2023). ISCRAM. ISSN 979-8-218-21749-5. p. 663–675. doi: 10.59297/EQKP4179.
• Firdaniza, NN; Ruchjana, Budi Nurani; Chaerani, Diah & Radianti, Jaziar (2023). Non-homogeneous continuous time Markov chain model for information dissemination on Indonesian Twitter users. International Journal of Data and Network Science. ISSN 2561-8148. 7(4), p. 1595–1602. doi: 10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.8.004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Nonhomogeneous Continuous-Time Markov Chain (NH-CTMC) is a stochastic process that can be used to model problems where the future state depends only on the current state and is independent of the past. The transition intensity in NH-CTMC is not constant but is a function of time. In this paper, NH-CTMC is employed to model information dissemination on Twitter, where transitions occur only from followee groups to follower groups. Information is considered spread on Twitter when followers retweet posts from their followees. The tweet-retweet process on Twitter satisfies the Markov property, as a retweet from a follower depends only on the tweet posted just before by the corresponding followee. The probability of a tweet spreading is determined by the transition intensity, assumed to be a Sigmoid function whose parameters are estimated using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). This method is applied to Twitter data from Indonesia related to discussions on Covid-19 vaccination. The results indicate that information about Covid19 vaccination on Twitter spreads rapidly from followees to followers in the first 20 hours, and then slows down after 40 hours. The NH-CTMC model outperforms the Homogeneous Continuous-Time Markov Chain (H-CTMC) approach, where the transition intensity (tweet spreading intensity) is assumed to be constant.

• Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Radianti, Jaziar (2023). Developing Information Systems for Collaborative Emergency Management: Requirements Analysis and Prototyping. In Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Murayama, Yuko (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction, 7th IFIP WG 5.15 International Conference, ITDRR 2022 - ITDRR 2022. Springer. ISSN 978-3-031-34206-6. p. 153–169. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-34207-3_10. Show summary

  The paper presents needs and requirements for information systems support for collaborative emergency management, developed in collaboration with emergency management stakeholders in Norway. The requirements focus on three basic elements for shared situation awareness (SA) in inter-agency emergency response: terminology harmonization, map-based common operational picture (COP), and support for evaluation and learning from incidents. Building on core design principles for emergency management information systems, prototypes have been developed for these three areas and validated with potential users. The paper contributes with a user-centric approach in identifying and designing information systems support for collaborative emergency management together with stakeholders, moving from needs to requirements to design proposals and covering core elements of COPs needed for shared SA. The collected requirements and prototypes developed may serve as a basis for further development of standardized solutions for inter-agency emergency operations.

• Rustenberg, Kjetil; Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2023). Exploring Demons for the Establishment of Team Situational Awareness. In Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; LaLone, Nicolas & Khazanchi, Deepak (Ed.), 20th Global Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference (ISCRAM 2023). ISCRAM. ISSN 979-8-218-21749-5. p. 636–648. Show summary

  Individual situational awareness (SA) is crucial for building team SA, which is necessary for achieving a shared understanding of a situation, making informed decisions, and taking appropriate actions. This article examines the communication barriers that emerge when transitioning from individual to team SA in emergency management scenarios. We observed two emergency exercises on "ongoing life-threatening violence" and dam failure causing hospital congestion. The study was complemented with interviews with participants of these exercises, aiming at identifying barriers called SA-demons in the team setting. We discovered barriers that hinder the establishment of team SA, including a vicious cycle of mistrust, a fragmented information trap, a false feeling of mastery trap, and a decaying memory trap. These barriers can stem from individual, organizational, or technological factors. To complement existing SA theories, we applied the Cynefin framework and found that standard operating procedures can be potential barriers when transitioning into chaotic or complex domains.

• Sveen, Håkon Sjøberg; Østrem, Filip; Radianti, Jaziar & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2022). The CISO Role: a Mediator between Cybersecurity and Top Management. NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning. ISSN 1892-0713. Show summary

  As organizations increasingly rely on digital solutions, they also become more exposed to cybersecurity threats. Thus, cybersecurity is becoming a strategic concern for the organizations rather than merely a technological issue. However, many organizations are still not sufficiently aware of the cybersecurity risks and their mitigation. This article studies how to engage the top management more in cybersecurity in order to mitigate the risk of cybersecurity threats. In particular, we focus on the role of the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) as part of the organization’s cybersecurity strategy. We conducted qualitative interviews with nine cybersecurity professionals, including four CISOs, two CEOs, one information security leader and two information security experts. Our study shows that the CISO role is acknowledged as important for facilitating communication between the technical staff and the top management, and for making top management understand the importance of their involvement in cybersecurity. In this sense, the CISO may serve the role as a mediator related to security aspects of the organization. Further, our findings support previous research on the importance for top management to engage actively in cybersecurity matters, including operational risk management, identifying critical assets and data, and defining necessary cybersecurity controls (physical, technical and administrative).

• Firdaniza, A; Ruchjana, Budi Nurani; Chaerani, Diah & Radianti, Jaziar (2022). Information diffusion model with homogeneous continuous time Markov chain on Indonesian Twitter users. International Journal of Data and Network Science. ISSN 2561-8148. 6, p. 659–668. doi: 10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.4.006. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this paper, a homogeneous continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) is used to model information diffusion or dissemination, also to determine influencers on Twitter dynamically. The tweeting process can be modeled with a homogeneous CTMC since the properties of Markov chains are fulfilled. In this case, the tweets that are received by followers only depend on the tweets from the previous followers. Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) in Data Mining is used to be research methodology including pre-processing, data mining process using homogeneous CTMC, and post-processing to get the influencers using visualization that predicts the number of affected users. We assume the number of affected users follows a logarithmic function. Our study examines the Indonesian Twitter data users with tweets about covid19 vaccination resulted in dynamic influencer rankings over time. From these results, it can also be seen that the users with the highest number of followers are not necessarily the top influencer.

• Sanfilippo, Filippo; Blazauskas, Tomas; Salvietti, Gionata; Ramos, Isabel; Vert, Silviu & Radianti, Jaziar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). A Perspective Review on Integrating VR/AR with Haptics into STEM Education for Multi-Sensory Learning. Robotics. ISSN 2218-6581. 11(2). doi: 10.3390/robotics11020041. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  As a result of several governments closing educational facilities in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, almost 80% of the world’s students were not in school for several weeks. Schools and universities are thus increasing their efforts to leverage educational resources and provide possibilities for remote learning. A variety of educational programs, platforms, and technologies are now accessible to support student learning; while these tools are important for society, they are primarily concerned with the dissemination of theoretical material. There is a lack of support for hands-on laboratory work and practical experience. This is particularly important for all disciplines related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), where labs and pedagogical assets must be continuously enhanced in order to provide effective study programs. In this study, we describe a unique perspective to achieving multi-sensory learning through the integration of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) with haptic wearables in STEM education. We address the implications of a novel viewpoint on established pedagogical notions. We want to encourage worldwide efforts to make fully immersive, open, and remote laboratory learning a reality.

• Majchrzak, Tim A.; Radianti, Jaziar; Fromm, Jennifer & Gau, Michael (2022). Towards Routinely Using Virtual Reality in Higher Education. In Bui, Tung (Eds.), The proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. University of Hawai'i at Manoa. ISSN 978-0-9981331-5-7. p. 94–103. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2022.011. Show summary

  Virtual reality promises to be a tool that can improve higher education. Immersive virtual environments offer the chance to enrich courses with experiential learning experiences. The technological possibilities evolve rapidly and more and more researchers report on adopting virtual reality for learning – albeit such work often has a more or less experimental character. However, the base of knowledge on using virtual reality in higher education is growing; educators who want to employ virtual reality to amend courses, to extend the curriculum with experiential learning, or who want to offer new content enabled through virtual reality, find increasingly rich advice. With this article, we contribute to this advice by providing insights from three research cases. Although these were experimental, their embedding into a larger project enables us to propose recommendations for educators. The ultimate aim of our work is the routine use of virtual reality in higher education.

• Magutshwa, Sindisiwe & Radianti, Jaziar (2022). Is this Digital Resilience? Insights from Adaptation and Exaptation of a Cyber-Physical-Social System. In Bui, Tung (Eds.), The proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. University of Hawai'i at Manoa. ISSN 978-0-9981331-5-7. p. 2441–2450. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2022.305.
• Steen-Tveit, Kristine; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Radianti, Jaziar (2022). Using live video for communication between lay bystanders and emergency dispatchers in command and control centres. International Journal of Emergency Management. ISSN 1471-4825. 17(2), p. 154–176. doi: 10.1504/IJEM.2021.122930.
• Firdaniza, Firdaniza; Ruchjana, Budi Nurani; Chaerani, Diah & Radianti, Jaziar (2022). Information Diffusion Model in Twitter: A Systematic Literature Review. Information. ISSN 2078-2489. 13(1). doi: 10.3390/info13010013. Show summary

  Information diffusion, information spread, and influencers are important concepts in many studies on social media, especially Twitter analytics. However, literature overviews on the information diffusion of Twitter analytics are sparse, especially on the use of continuous time Markov chain (CTMC). This paper examines the following topics: (1) the purposes of studies about information diffusion on Twitter, (2) the methods adopted to model information diffusion on Twitter, (3) the metrics applied, and (4) measures used to determine influencer rankings. We employed a systematic literature review (SLR) to explore the studies related to information diffusion on Twitter extracted from four digital libraries. In this paper, a two-stage analysis was conducted. First, we implemented a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and R-bibliometrix software. This approach was applied to select 204 papers after conducting a duplication check and assessing the inclusion–exclusion criteria. At this stage, we mapped the authors’ collaborative networks/collaborators and the evolution of research themes. Second, we analyzed the gap in research themes on the application of CTMC information diffusion on Twitter. Further filtering criteria were applied, and 34 papers were analyzed to identify the research objectives, methods, metrics, and measures used by each researcher. Nonhomogeneous CTMC has never been used in Twitter information diffusion modeling. This finding motivates us to further study nonhomogeneous CTMC as a modeling approach for Twitter information diffusion.

• Gjøsæter, Terje & Radianti, Jaziar (2021). Cyber-Security in Digital Metering Value Chain for Mountain Landslide Warning. In Murayama, Yuko; Velev, Dimiter & Zlateva, Plamena (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction, 5th IFIP WG 5.15 International Conference, ITDRR 2020, Sofia, Bulgaria, December 3–4, 2020, Revised Selected Papers. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. ISSN 978-3-030-81469-4. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-81469-4_14.
• Gjøsæter, Terje & Radianti, Jaziar (2021). Cyber-Security in Digital Metering Value Chain for Mountain Landslide Warning. In Murayama, Yuko; Velev, Dimiter & Zlateva, Plamena (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction, 5th IFIP WG 5.15 International Conference, ITDRR 2020, Sofia, Bulgaria, December 3–4, 2020, Revised Selected Papers. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. ISSN 978-3-030-81469-4. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-81469-4_14.
• Gjøsæter, Terje & Radianti, Jaziar (2021). Cyber-Security in Digital Metering Value Chain for Mountain Landslide Warning. In Murayama, Yuko; Velev, Dimiter & Zlateva, Plamena (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction, 5th IFIP WG 5.15 International Conference, ITDRR 2020, Sofia, Bulgaria, December 3–4, 2020, Revised Selected Papers. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. ISSN 978-3-030-81469-4. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-81469-4_14.
• Radianti, Jaziar (2021). Experimental Command and Control Center for Crisis and Disaster Management: A Living-Lab Approach. In Sakurai, Mihoko & Shaw, Rajib (Ed.), Emerging Technologies for Disaster Resilience. Disaster Risk Reduction (Methods, Approaches and Practices). Springer. ISSN 978-981-16-0359-4. p. 201–227. doi: https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0360-0_11.
• Magutshwa, Sindisiwe & Radianti, Jaziar (2021). A Qualitative Risk Identification Framework for Cyber-Physical-Social Systems. In Adrot, Anouck; Grace, Rob; Moore, Kathleen & Zobel, Christopher W. (Ed.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings - 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. ISCRAM Association. ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5. p. 377–390.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Gjøsæter, Terje & Chen, Weiqin (2021). Slaying the SA-Demons – Humans vs. Technology – A Content analysis. In Adrot, Anouck; Grace, Rob; Moore, Kathleen & Zobel, Christopher W. (Ed.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings - 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. ISCRAM Association. ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5. p. 946–958. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper examines Situation Awareness (SA) and the application of Endsley’s SA-Demons in different contexts and research areas. We perform content analysis to examine how they are used, and to what degree they are perceived as stemming from human-error or weaknesses in technology and if any suggestions for mitigation are primarily focused on the human or the technology side. Based on our findings, we propose Universal Design as a tool that can counter the effects of the SA-Demons by improving the usability and accessibility of SA-supporting technology and thereby removing barriers to SA, rather than challenging the users to overcome not only barriers that are a result of the complexity of the situation itself, but also additional barriers that are caused by inferior and suboptimal design of the technology in use.

• Aarland, Mari; Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2021). Cyber-Security in Digital Metering Value Chain for Mountain Landslide Warning. In Murayama, Yuko; Velev, Dimiter & Zlateva, Plamena (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction, 5th IFIP WG 5.15 International Conference, ITDRR 2020, Sofia, Bulgaria, December 3–4, 2020, Revised Selected Papers. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. ISSN 978-3-030-81469-4. p. 170–182. doi: https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81469-4_14.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Majchrzak, Tim A.; Fromm, Jennifer; Stieglitz, Stefan & vom Brocke, Jan (2021). Virtual Reality Applications for Higher Educations: A Market Analysis. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. p. 124–133. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2021.014. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth; Radianti, Jaziar; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Majchrzak, Tim A. & Steen-Tveit, Kristine (2021). Turning Common Operational Picture Data into Double-loop Learning from Crises – can Vision Meet Reality? . Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. ISSN 2411-3387. 18, p. 417–430. Show summary

  This study proposes a framework for double-loop learning from crises, using common operational pictures (COP). In most crises, a COP is of outmost importance to gain a common understanding among inter-organizational response. A COP is sometimes expressed through a map visualization. While the technologies to support COP progress rapidly, the corresponding practice of evaluating the COP and situational awareness is not yet established. Tools that enable responders to learn after the crisis, look back in time on the COP development and detect the barriers that prevent the COP establishment, still seem absent. Double-loop learning is an organizational practice to learn from previous actions widely adopted in the safety domain, and lately used in crisis management. This paper addresses the perceived gap by presenting the technical, organizational and structural requirements derived from document analysis, observation, and a workshop with multiple crisis management stakeholders, and integrating them to an initial framework.

• Fromm, Jennifer; Radianti, Jaziar; Wehking, Charlotte; Stefan, Stieglitz; Majchrzak, Tim Alexander & vom Brocke, Jan (2021). More than experience? - On the unique opportunities of virtual reality to afford a holistic experiential learning cycle. The Internet and Higher Education. ISSN 1096-7516. 50. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2021.100804. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Virtual reality has been proposed as a promising technology for higher education since the combination of immersive and interactive features enables experiential learning. However, previous studies did not distinguish between the different learning modes of the four-stage experiential learning cycle (i.e., concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation). With our study, we contribute a deeper understanding of how the unique opportunities of virtual reality can afford each of the four experiential learning modes. We conducted three design thinking workshops with interdisciplinary teams of students and lecturers. These workshops resulted in three low-fidelity virtual reality prototypes which were evaluated and refined in three student focus groups. Based on these results, we identify design elements for virtual reality applications that afford an holistic experiential learning process in higher education. We discuss the implications of our results for the selection, design, and use of educational virtual reality applications.

• Steen-Tveit, Kristine; Radianti, Jaziar & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2020). SMS-based Real-time Data Collection for Evaluation of Situational Awareness and Common Operational Picture : Lessons Learned from A Field Exercise. In Hughes, Amanda; McNeill, Fiona & Zobel, Christopher W. (Ed.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Virginia Tech. ISSN 978-1-949373-27-1. p. 276–284. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Chen, Weiqin (2020). Towards Situational Disability-aware Universally Designed Information Support Systems for Enhanced Situational Awareness. In Hughes, Amanda; McNeill, Fiona & Zobel, Christopher W. (Ed.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Virginia Tech. ISSN 978-1-949373-27-1. p. 1038–1047. Show summary

  This paper takes on the challenge of designing situational awareness information systems that take into account not only the prevalence of so-called demons of situational awareness, but also situational disabilities that will typically occur in a disaster situation, both in the control room and in the field among the general public as well as first responders. It further outlines how a situational awareness information system process model can be adapted and used as a basis for designing situational awareness information support systems that address these issues with the help of Universal Design principles.

• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Chen, Weiqin (2020). Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management from Stakeholders’ Perspective - A Systematic Literature Review. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-020-10084-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  While Universal Design principles have been adopted in many areas to ensure that products and services are usable for the broadest possible diversity of users, there is still an open area when it comes to the emergency management domain. This article aims at providing a systematic overview of the current state of the emerging research field of Universal Design of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Emergency Management, and to highlight high-impact research opportunities to ensure that the increasing introduction of ICT in Emergency Management can contribute to removing barriers instead of adding more barriers, in particular for the elderly and people with disabilities. A systematic review on relevant literature on Universal Design, ICT and Emergency Management between 2008 and 2020 was employed using predefined frameworks, to answer the following questions: (1) Who are the target audiences (stakeholders) in research on Universal Design of ICT in Emergency Management in the different categories of Emergency Management ICT tools, and to what degree is Human-Centred Design and Universal Design taken into account? (2) What are the most important challenges and gaps in research on Universal Design of ICT in Emergency Management? We identify a set of gaps in the literature, indicating that there are some challenges where Universal Design is still limitedly addressed in technology development. We also derive promising future research topics based on areas that are missing in the literature.

• Opach, Tomasz; Rød, Jan Ketil; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Radianti, Jaziar; Steen-Tveit, Kristine & Grottenberg, Lars Ole (2020). Map-based interfaces for common operational picture. In Hughes, Amanda; McNeill, Fiona & Zobel, Christopher W. (Ed.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Virginia Tech. ISSN 978-1-949373-27-1. p. 506–516. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Common operationalpicture (COP) map-based interfacesdisplay operational information to support integrationofemergency responders. Such interfacesintegrate different subsystems and present the resulting information into an overview for enabling situation awareness. Literature shows that they are often developed from non-user-centric perspectives and are defined in technological terms that arenot adequately capturing the users’ needs. Therefore,theaim of this particular work in progressis to get insight into the features and the role of COP map-based interfaces currently being used in Norway to (1) examine theircontent, functionality, and design;and(2) to understand how such displays are incorporated into the servicecontext.This studystructuresthe knowledge on map displays that constitute part of the COP services.Using workshopand interviews with the developers and usersof existing COP map services, we identify requirements for a common operational symbology and common operational functionality to improvesuch map services andmake them interoperable.

• Radianti, Jaziar; Majchrzak, Tim A.; Fromm, Jennifer & Wohlgenannt, Isabell (2020). A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: Design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda. Computers & Education. ISSN 0360-1315. 147. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103778. Full text in Research Archive
• Steen-Tveit, Kristine; Radianti, Jaziar & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2020). Using Audio-Logs for Analyzing the Development of a Common Operational Picture in Multi-agency Emergency Response. In Bui, Tung X. (Eds.), Proceeding of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2020). AIS Electronic Library University of Hawai'i at Manoa Hamilton Library 2550 McCarthy Mall Honolulu, HI 96822. ISSN 978-0-9981331-3-3. p. 604–613. doi: 10.24251/hicss.2020.074. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Chen, Weiqin (2019). Understanding situational disabilities and situational awareness in disasters. Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. ISSN 2411-3387. 2019-May, p. 940–949. Full text in Research Archive
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Opach, Tomasz; Pilemalm, Sofie; Radianti, Jaziar; Rød, Jan Ketil & Snaprud, Mikael (2019). Sharing information for common situational understanding in emergency response. In Johannesson, Paul; Ågerfalk, Pär J. & Helms, Remko (Ed.), Proceedings of the 27th European Conferenceon Information Systems (ECIS), Stockholm & Uppsala, Sweden, June 8-14, 2019. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-1-7336325-0-8. Show summary

  Emergency responders lack support to effectively share information and establish a common operational picture COP), for reaching shared situational understanding of threats and incidents. This challenge is multifaceted: lack of a systematic overview of information elements that are critical to share in different crisis scenarios; no common map interface in place using standard symbols; and different terminologies used across disciplines, resulting in possible communication and coordination problems. The paper presents a research project initiated to provide a systematic approach for effective sharing, integration and use of information from different sources, to establish a COP and shared situational understanding among multiple actors in emergency response. The solution to be developed will provide a common map-based interface, integrating harmonisation of terminology and collaboration support for information sharing and synthesis. The enhanced COP will also support evaluation and learning from exercises and incidents. The project involves close collaboration with emergency management stakeholders in Norway, for requirements analysis, participatory design, and validation of project deliverables. The research will improve information sharing and decision support in emergency operations centres, which will contribute to improve societal resilience through more effective response capability.

• Giannoumis, G. Anthony; Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Paupini, Cristina (2019). Universally Designed Beacon-Assisted Indoor Navigation for Emergency Evacuations, Information Technology in Disaster Risk reduction - Third IFIP TC5 DCITDRR International Conference ITDRR 2018 Held at the 24th IFIP World Computer Congress, WCC 2018 Poznan, Poland, September 20-21, 2018 Revised Selected Papers. Springer Nature. ISSN 978-3-030-32168-0. p. 120–129. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-32169-7_9. Full text in Research Archive
• Wohlgenannt, Isabell; Fromm, Jenifer; Stieglitz, Stefan; Radianti, Jaziar & Majchrzak, Tim A. (2019). Virtual Reality in Higher Education: Preliminary Results from a Design-Science-Research Project. Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Information Systems Development (ISD). Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-2-9571876-0-7.
• Steen-Tveit, Kristine & Radianti, Jaziar (2019). Analysis of Common Operational Picture and Situational Awareness during Multiple Emergency Response Scenarios . In Franco, Zeno; Gonzalez, Jose J & Jose, Canos (Ed.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, Valencia, May 19-22 2019. ISCRAM. ISSN 978-84-09-10498-7. p. 199–208.
• Tunold, Siv; Radianti, Jaziar; Gjøsæter, Terje & Chen, Weiqin (2019). Perceivability of Map Information for Disaster Situations for People with Low Vision. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 11572 LNCS, p. 342–352. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-23560-4_25. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2019). Digital Volunteers in Disaster Response: Accessibility Challenges. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 11573 LNCS, p. 523–537. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-23563-5_42. Full text in Research Archive
• Marana, Patricia; Eden, Colin; Eriksson, Henrik; Grimes, Clara; Hernantes, Josune & Howick, Susan [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2019). Towards a resilience management guideline — Cities as a starting point for societal resilience. Sustainable Cities and Society (SCS). ISSN 2210-6707. 48. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101531.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; Boersma, Kees; Noori, Nadia Saad; Belbachir, Nabil & Stieglitz, Stefan (2019). Enhancing Disaster Response for Hazardous Materials Using Emerging Technologies: The Role of AI and a Research Agenda. Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS). ISSN 1865-0929. 1000, p. 368–376. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-20257-6_31.
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Radianti, Jaziar; Rød, Jan Ketil; Opach, Tomasz; Snaprud, Mikael & Pilemalm, Sofie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Sharing incident and threat information for common situational understanding. Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. ISSN 2411-3387. 2019-May, p. 1357–1363. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar; Gjøsæter, Terje & Chen, Weiqin (2019). Universal Design of Information Sharing Tools for Disaster Risk Reduction. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. ISSN 1868-4238. 516, p. 81–95. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-18293-9_8. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogen, Svein Even & Radianti, Jaziar (2018). Architecture of High Fidelity Simulation Tool for Crisis Management Training, 2018 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM). IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 978-1-5386-6638-8. doi: 10.1109/ICT-DM.2018.8636386.
• Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2018). Metrics for Ensuring Security and Privacy of Information Sharing Tools for Improved City Resilience: A Review Approach. International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (IJISCRAM). ISSN 1937-9390. 9(3). doi: 10.4018/IJISCRAM.2017070103.
• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Chen, Weiqin (2018). Universal design of ICT for emergency management: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 10907 LNCS, p. 63–74. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92049-8_5. Full text in Research Archive
• AlSalamah, Shada Abdullah; AlSalamah, Hessah A.; Radianti, Jaziar; Alqahtani, Sakher; Nouh, Thamer Adnan & Abomhara, Mohamed Ali Saleh [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Information Requirements for Disaster Victim Identification and Emergency Medical Services:Hajj Crowd Disaster Case Study. In Boersma, Kees & Tomaszewski, Brian (Ed.), 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2018. ISCRAM Association. ISSN 978-0-692-12760-5. p. 861–873.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Martinez, Santiago; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Konnestad, Morgan (2018). Co-design of a Virtual Training Tool with Emergency Management Stakeholders for Extreme Weather Response, Design, User Experience, and Usability: Theory and Practice - 7th International Conference, DUXU 2018. Springer. ISSN 978-3-319-91796-2. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-91797-9_14.
• Radianti, Jaziar (2018). Experience from Indoor Fire Search and Rescue Game Design for Technology Testing, Advances in Human Factors in Wearable Technologies and Game Design- Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conferences on Human Factors and Wearable Technologies, and Human Factors in Game Design and Virtual Environments. Springer. ISSN 978-3-319-94619-1. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-94619-1_25.
• Gjøsæter, Terje & Radianti, Jaziar (2018). Evaluating Accessibility and Usability of an Experimental Situational Awareness Room, Advances in Design for Inclusion, Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Design for Inclusion. Springer. ISSN 978-3-319-94621-4. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-94622-1_21. Full text in Research Archive
• Radianti, Jaziar; Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S. & Gonzalez, Jose J (2018). A Conceptual System Dynamics Maturity Model of City Resilience. In Bui, Tung (Eds.), Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2018 (HICSS-51). Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-0-9981331-1-9. p. 2321–2330. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2018.291.
• Gonzalez, Jose J; Bång, Magnus; Eden, Colin; Gimenez, Raquel; Hernantes, Josune & Howick, Susan [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2017). Stalking Resilience: Cities as Vertebrae in Society’s Resilience Backbone. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. ISSN 1868-4238. 501, p. 31–45. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-68486-4_4.
• Snaprud, Mikael; Radianti, Jaziar & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2017). SAMTERM: Terminologi for samordnet krisehåndtering, NORDTERM 20 Hvem er brukerne av terminologiske ressurser – og hvordan når vi ut til dem?. Språkrådet. ISSN 978-82-93424-07-9. p. 152–159.
• Snaprud, Mikael; Radianti, Jaziar & Svindseth, Dag (2017). Better Access to Terminology for Crisis Communications. In Murayama, Yuko; Velev, Dimiter; Zlateva, Plamena & Gonzalez, Jose J (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction First IFIP TC 5 DCITDRR International Conference, ITDRR 2016. Springer. ISSN 978-3-319-68485-7. p. 93–103. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-68486-4_8.
• Radianti, Jaziar (2017). Towards European Dimensions of City Resilience. In Murayama, Yuko; Velev, Dimiter; Zlateva, Plamena & Gonzalez, Jose J (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction First IFIP TC 5 DCITDRR International Conference, ITDRR 2016. Springer. ISSN 978-3-319-68485-7. p. 104–118. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-68486-4_9.
• Gonzalez, Jose J; Bang, Magnus; Eden, Colin; Gimenez, Raquel; Hernantes, Josune & Howick, Susan [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2017). Stalking Resilience - Cities as Vertebrae in Society’s Resilience Backbone. In Murayama, Yuko; Velev, Dimiter; Zlateva, Plamena & Gonzalez, Jose J (Ed.), Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction First IFIP TC 5 DCITDRR International Conference, ITDRR 2016. Springer. ISSN 978-3-319-68485-7. p. 31–45. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-68486-4_4.
• Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2017). Secure and Privacy-Preserving Information Sharing for Enhanced Resilience, Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management in Mediterranean Countries. Springer. ISSN 9783319676333. p. 204–219. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-67633-3_17.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Tronslien, Mattias Nielsen; Moland, Max Emil Odd; Kulmus, Christian & Thomassen, Kristoffer (2017). A Crisis Management Serious Game for Responding Extreme Weather Event, Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management in Mediterranean Countries. Springer. ISSN 9783319676333. p. 131–146. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-67633-3_11.
• Iturriza, Marta; Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S.; Labaka, Leire; Radianti, Jaziar; Sarriegi, Jose M. & Gonzalez, Jose J (2017). Smart Mature Resilience, System Dynamics Based Interactive Learning Environment: A Beta Version. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering (IJSSE). ISSN 2041-9031. 7(3), p. 367–379. doi: 10.2495/SAFE-V7-N3-367-379.
• Nunavath, Vimala; Prinz, Andreas; Comes, Tina & Radianti, Jaziar (2016). Representing fire emergency response knowledge through a domain modelling approach. NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. ISSN 1892-0748. 24(1). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  When any kind of emergency occurs, Emergency Responders (ERs) from different emergency organizations (such as police, fire, ambulance and municipality) have to act concurrently to solve the difficulties which are posed at the emergency site. Moreover, during the immediate response, getting the awareness of the situation is very crucial for ERs to lessen the emergency impacts such as loss of life and damage to the property. However, this can only be done when ERs get access to the information in timely manner and share the acquired information with one another during emergency response. Despite ERs share knowledge with one another they have to use same concepts to obtain the semantic understanding in order to perform actions for achieving goals. In addition, the success of the emergency response lies on the ERs’ coordination and their interoperability (information systems interoperability). Therefore, in this paper we provide a formal structure to the concepts that describes the building fire emergency management domain in order to provide a common semantic understanding for ERs. In our study, domain modelling approach has been used to represent the concepts formally. The presented results combine the knowledge from semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and through literature review. The developed domain model includes four aspects: i) characteristics of the event, ii) actors involved, iii) goals to achieve and iv) Building characteristics. Besides, the developed domain model serves as a foundational component to create an information system to unify, facilitate and expedite access to emergency related information for facilitating data exchange format and enable knowledge sharing among different emergency actors.

• Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S.; Radianti, Jaziar; Snaprud, Mikael & Krogstie, John (2016). Disabled People from Welfare to Jobs: An Interactive Learning Environment Experimental Investigation, 34th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society 2016. System Dynamics Society. ISSN 978-1-5108-3020-2. p. 1–27.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Hiltz, Starr Roxanne & Labaka, Leire (2016). An overview of public concerns during the recovery period after a major earthquake: Nepal twitter analysis. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. 2016-March, p. 136–145. doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2016.25.
• Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S.; Radianti, Jaziar; Snaprud, Mikael & Krogstie, John (2016). Experimentation with a System Dynamics Based Interactive Learning Environment: A Case Study of Accessibility of Norwegian Municipalities Websites. International Journal of Simulation. Systems, Science and Technology. ISSN 1473-8031. 17(35), p. 29.1–29.11. doi: 10.5013/IJSSST.a.17.35.29.
• Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S.; Radianti, Jaziar; Snaprud, Mikael & Krogstie, John (2016). Simulation Models in eGovernment using System Dynamics: A Literature Survey. In Cunningham, Paul & Cunningham, Miriam (Ed.), 2016 IST-Africa Conference. IEEE Press. ISSN 978-1-905824-55-7. doi: 10.1109/istafrica.2016.7530678. Show summary

  System Dynamics (SD) is a method to build simulation models using computers, to study the behaviour of systems, and apply what-if scenarios aiming at achieving optimal policy design. To have an overview of the current state-of-the-art of SD use in the eGovernment field; we have surveyed related literature. Our main goal is to uncover the possibilities for future research by clarifying the shortages. The identified literature is not very large. In most of the literature, SD models use was limited to SD practitioners. We discovered low usage of Group Model Building and workshops despite their usefulness in involving non-SD practitioners in the model building process. Additionally, there is a large untapped potential in using Interactive Learning Environment, in spite of its importance in involving non-technical users in conducting what-if scenario testing, and changing users’ mental models by uncovering the underlying system structure.

• Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S.; Radianti, Jaziar; Snaprud, Mikael & Krogstie, John (2016). Accessibility of Norwegian Municipalities Websites: An Interactive Learning Environment Experimental Investigation. In Al-Dabass, David; Orsoni, Alessandra; Cant, Richard & Jenkins, Glenn (Ed.), 2016 UKSim-AMSS 18th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-1-5090-0887-2. p. 209–214. doi: 10.1109/UKSim.2016.16. Show summary

  Accessibility is an important aspect of websites generally and public websites particularly. Many ways could be proposed to enhance accessibility, however the impact of selected actions is hard to predict due to diversification and contradiction, in addition to the existence of the time factor. A System Dynamics simulation model including factors affecting the accessibility of Norwegian municipal websites was encapsulated in an Interactive Learning Environment (ILE). As the model promised to be able to change how users think and take decisions, this ILE was tested by users in an experiment. We have conducted α, β, and γ change analysis on the results of this experiment. Results showed that the ILE was successful in changing 50% of its users’ understanding and perceptions about the system’s causal relationships and policy options, and helping 30% redefining the standards they use to assess or evaluate these relationships and policy options.

• Shephard, Grace Elizabeth; Dalen, Kari; Peldszus, Regina; Aparicio, Sara; Beumer, Larissa & Birkeland, Roger [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2016). Assessing the added value of the recent declaration on unregulated fishing for sustainable governance of the central Arctic Ocean. Marine Policy. ISSN 0308-597X. 66, p. 50–57. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.01.013. Full text in Research Archive
• Nunavath, Vimala; Radianti, Jaziar; Comes, Tina & Prinz, Andreas (2016). The Impacts of ICT Support on Information Distribution, Task Assignment for Gaining Teams’ Situational Awareness in Search and Rescue Operations. In Thampi, Sabu M; Bandyopadhyay, Sanghamitra; Krishnan, Sri; Li, Kuan-Ching; Mosin, Sergey & Ma, Maode (Ed.), Advances in Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems: Proceedings of Second International Symposium on Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems (SIRS-2015) December 16-19, 2015, Trivandrum, India. Springer. ISSN 978-3-319-28658-7. p. 443–456. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28658-7_38.
• Lazreg, Mehdi Ben; Radianti, Jaziar & Granmo, Ole-Christoffer (2015). A Bayesian network model for fire assessment and prediction. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 9432, p. 269–279. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-27926-8_24.
• Sarshar, Parvaneh; Radianti, Jaziar & Gonzalez, Jose J (2015). On the Impacts of Utilizing Smartphones on Organizing Rescue Teams and Evacuation Procedures. In Palen, Leysia; Büscher, Monika; Comes, Tina & Hughes, Amanda (Ed.), 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. ISCRAM. ISSN 978-82-7117-788-1.
• Nunavath, Vimala; Radianti, Jaziar; Comes, Tina & Prinz, Andreas (2015). Visualization of Information Flows and Exchanged Information: Evidence from an indoor fire game. In Palen, Leysia; Büscher, Monika; Comes, Tina & Hughes, Amanda (Ed.), 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. ISCRAM. ISSN 978-82-7117-788-1. doi: 10.1109/iacc.2017.0068.
• Lazreg, Mehdi Ben; Radianti, Jaziar & Granmo, Ole-Christoffer (2015). SmartRescue: Architecture for Fire Crisis Assessment and Prediction. In Palen, Leysia; Büscher, Monika; Comes, Tina & Hughes, Amanda (Ed.), 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. ISCRAM. ISSN 978-82-7117-788-1.
• Sarshar, Parvaneh; Nunavath, Vimala & Radianti, Jaziar (2015). On the Usability of Smartphone Apps in Emergencies. In Kurosu, Masaaki (Eds.), Human-Computer Interaction: Interaction Technologies 17th International Conference, HCI International 2015. Springer. ISSN 978-3-319-20915-9. p. 765–774. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20916-6_70.
• Sarshar, Parvaneh; Nunavath, Vimala & Radianti, Jaziar (2015). A Study on the Usage of Smartphone Apps in Fire Scenarios: Comparison between GDACSmobile and SmartRescue apps, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems - (Volume 2). SciTePress. ISSN 978-989-758-097-0. p. 469–474. doi: 10.5220/0005466304690474.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Bouhmala, Noureddine; Sarshar, Parvaneh & Gonzalez, Jose J (2015). Comparing Different Crowd Emergency Evacuation Models Based on Human Centered Sensing Criteria. International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (IJISCRAM). ISSN 1937-9390. 6(3), p. 53–70. doi: 10.4018/IJISCRAM.2014070104.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Lazreg, Mehdi Ben & Granmo, Ole-Christoffer (2015). Fire simulation-based adaptation of SmartRescue App for serious game: Design, setup and user experience. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. ISSN 0952-1976. 46, p. 312–325. doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2015.06.012.
• Sarshar, Parvaneh; Radianti, Jaziar & Gonzalez, Jose J (2014). Predicting Congestions in a Ship Fire Evacuation: A Dynamic Bayesian Networks Simulation. In Kim, Haeng Kon; Ao, Sio-long & Amouzegar, Mahyar A. (Ed.), Transactions on Engineering Technologies. Springer. ISSN 978-94-017-9114-4. p. 247–260. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-9115-1_19.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Dugdale, Julie Anne; Gonzalez, Jose J & Granmo, Ole-Christoffer (2014). Smartphone sensing platform for emergency management. In Hiltz, Roxanne; Pfaff, Mark; Plotnick, Linda & Shih, Patrick (Ed.), Proceedings ISCRAM2014 , 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. The Pennsylvania State University. ISSN 978-0-692-21194-6. p. 379–383. doi: 10.1109/percomw.2014.6815219.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Sarshar, Parvaneh; Goodwin, Morten; Dugdale, Julie Anne & Gonzalez, Jose J (2014). A spatio-temporal probabilistic model of hazard- and crowd dynamics for evacuation planning in disasters. Applied intelligence (Boston). ISSN 0924-669X. 42(1), p. 3–23. doi: 10.1007/s10489-014-0583-4. Show summary

  Managing the uncertainties that arise in disasters – such as a ship or building fire – can be extremely challenging. Previous work has typically focused either on modeling crowd behavior, hazard dynamics, or targeting fully known environments. However, when a disaster strikes, uncertainties about the nature, extent and further development of the hazard is the rule rather than the exception. Additionally, crowds and hazard dynamics are both intertwined and uncertain, making evacuation planning extremely difficult. To address this challenge, we propose a novel spatio-temporal probabilistic model that integrates crowd and hazard dynamics, using ship- and building fire as proof-of-concept scenarios. The model is realized as a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN), supporting distinct kinds of crowd evacuation behavior, being based on studies of physical fire models, crowd psychology models, and corresponding flow models. Simulation results demonstrate that the DBN model allows us to track and forecast the movement of people until they escape, as the hazard develops from time step to time step. Our scheme thus opens up for novel in situ threat mapping and evacuation planning under uncertainty, with applications to emergency response.

• Goodwin, Morten; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer & Radianti, Jaziar (2014). Escape planning in realistic fire scenarios with Ant Colony Optimisation. Applied intelligence (Boston). ISSN 0924-669X. 42(1), p. 24–35. doi: 10.1007/s10489-014-0538-9. Show summary

  An emergency requiring evacuation is a chaotic event, filled with uncertainties both for the people affected and rescuers. The evacuees are often left to themselves for navigation to the escape area. The chaotic situation increases when predefined escape routes are blocked by a hazard, and there is a need to re-think which escape route is safest. This paper addresses automatically finding the safest escape routes in emergency situations in large buildings or ships with imperfect knowledge of the hazards. The proposed solution, based on Ant Colony Optimisation, suggests a near optimal escape plan for every affected person — considering dynamic spread of fires, movability impairments caused by the hazards and faulty unreliable data. Special focus in this paper is on empirical tests for the proposed algorithms. This paper brings together the Ant Colony approach with a realistic fire dynamics simulator, and shows that the proposed solution is not only able to outperform comparable alternatives in static and dynamic environments, but also in environments with realistic spreading of fire and smoke causing fatalities. The aim of the solutions is usage by both individuals, such as from a personal smartphone of one of the evacuees, or for emergency personnel trying to assist large groups from remote locations.

• Radianti, Jaziar; Gonzalez, Jose J & Granmo, Ole-Christoffer (2014). Publish-subscribe smartphone sensing platform for the acute phase of a disaster: A framework for emergency management support. In IEEE, Computer Society (Eds.), 2014 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops (PERCOM WORKSHOPS 2014). Curran Associates, Inc.. ISSN 978-1-4799-2737-1. p. 285–290. doi: 10.1109/PerComW.2014.6815219. Show summary

  The advanced sensors embedded in modern smartphones opens up for novel research opportunities, as for instance manifested in the field of mobile phone sensing. Most notable is perhaps research activities within human activity recognition and context-aware applications. Along a similar vein, the SmartRescue project targets monitoring of both hazard developments as well as tracking of people in a disaster, taking advantage of smartphone sensing, processing and communication capabilities. The goal is to help crisis managers and the public in early hazard detection, hazard prediction, and in the forming of risk minimizing evacuation plans when disaster strikes. In this paper we propose a novel smartphone based communication framework for disaster specific machine learning techniques that intelligently process sensor readings into useful information for the crisis responders. Core to the framework is a robust content-based publish-subscribe mechanism that allows flexible sharing of sensor data and computation results. The proposed communication platform has been tested at the proof of concept level, with several detailed features providing promising results. We also provide the initial results from the development of this platform and discuss how to enhance the platform to become a disaster monitoring system for practical use.

• Radianti, Jaziar & Granmo, Ole-Christoffer (2014). A Framework for Assessing the Condition of Crowds Exposed to a Fire Hazard Using a Probabilistic Model. International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing. ISSN 2010-3700. 4(1), p. 14–20. doi: 10.7763/IJMLC.2014.V4.379. Show summary

  Allocating limited resources in an optimal manner when rescuing victims from a hazard is a complex and error prone task, because the involved hazards are typically evolving over time; stagnating, building up or diminishing. Typical error sources are: miscalculation of resource availability and the victims’ condition. Thus, there is a need for decision support when it comes to rapidly predicting where the human fatalities are likely to occur to ensure timely rescue. This paper proposes a probabilistic model for tracking the condition of victims when exposed to fire hazards, using a Bayesian Network. The model is extracted from safety literature on human physiological and psychological responses against heat, thermal radiation and smoke. We simulate the state of victims under different fire scenarios and observe the likelihood of fatalities due to fire exposure. We show how our probabilistic approach can serve as the basis for improved decision support, providing real-time hazard and health assessments to the decision makers.

• Sarshar, Parvaneh; Radianti, Jaziar & Gonzalez, Jose J (2013). Modeling Panic in Ship Fire Evacuation Using Dynamic Bayesian Network. In Ariwa, Ezendu (Eds.), Innovative Computing Technology (INTECH), 2013 Third International Conference on. IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 978-1-4799-0047-3. p. 491–497. doi: 10.1109/INTECH.2013.6653640. Show summary

  In this paper, we model passengers’ panic during a ship fire by considering its most influential factors. The qualitative factors are quantified, allowing us to study passengers’ panic in a probabilistic manner. Considering the time-varying nature of these factors, we update the state of the factors over time. We utilize a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) to model passengers’ panic, this allows us to represent probabilistic and dynamic elements. By defining several worstcase scenarios and running the simulations, we demonstrate how panic can dynamically vary from passenger to passenger with different physical (mental) conditions. Furthermore, we show how this panic can threaten passengers’ health during the evacuation process. The impact of panic on the evacuation time is also investigated. The results in this paper are valuable inputs for rescue teams and marine organizations that aim to mitigate property damages and human fatalities.

• Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Radianti, Jaziar; Goodwin, Morten; Dugdale, Julie Anne; Sarshar, Parvaneh & Glimsdal, Sondre [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). A Spatio-Temporal Probabilistic Model of Hazard and Crowd Dynamics in Disasters for Evacuation Planning. In Ali, Moonis (Eds.), Recent Trends in Applied Artificial Intelligence. Springer. ISSN 978-3-642-38576-6. p. 63–72. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-38577-3_7. Show summary

  Managing the uncertainties that arise in disasters – such as ship fire – can be extremely challenging. Previous work has typically focused either on modeling crowd behavior or hazard dynamics, targeting fully known environments. However, when a disaster strikes, uncertainty about the nature, extent and further development of the hazard is the rule rather than the exception. Additionally, crowd and hazard dynamics are both intertwined and uncertain, making evacuation planning extremely difficult. To address this challenge, we propose a novel spatio-temporal probabilistic model that integrates crowd with hazard dynamics, using a ship fire as a proof-of-concept scenario. The model is realized as a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN), supporting distinct kinds of crowd evacuation behavior – both descriptive and normative (optimal). Descriptive modeling is based on studies of physical fire models, crowd psychology models, and corresponding flow models, while we identify optimal behavior using Ant-Based Colony Optimization (ACO). Simulation results demonstrate that the DNB model allows us to track and forecast the movement of people until they escape, as the hazard develops from time step to time step. Furthermore, the ACO provides safe paths, dynamically responding to current threats.

• Sarshar, Parvaneh; Radianti, Jaziar; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer & Gonzalez, Jose J (2013). A Bayesian Network Model for Evacuation Time Analysis During a Ship Fire, 2013 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Dynamic and Uncertain Environments (CIDUE). IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 9781467358491. p. 100–107. doi: 10.1109/cidue.2013.6595778. Show summary

  We present an evacuation model for ships while a fire happens onboard. The model is designed by utilizing Bayesian networks (BN) and then simulated in GeNIe software. In our proposed model, the most important factors that have significant influence on a rescue process and evacuation time are identified and analyzed. By applying the probability distribution of the considered factors collected from the literature including IMO, real empirical data and practical experiences, the trend of the rescue process and evacuation time can be evaluated and predicted using the proposed model. The results of this paper help understanding about possible consequences of influential factors on the security of the ship and help to avoid exceeding evacuation time during a ship fire.We present an evacuation model for ships while a fire happens onboard. The model is designed by utilizing Bayesian networks (BN) and then simulated in GeNIe software. In our proposed model, the most important factors that have significant influence on a rescue process and evacuation time are identified and analyzed. By applying the probability distribution of the considered factors collected from the literature including IMO, real empirical data and practical experiences, the trend of the rescue process and evacuation time can be evaluated and predicted using the proposed model. The results of this paper help understanding about possible consequences of influential factors on the security of the ship and help to avoid exceeding evacuation time during a ship fire.

• Radianti, Jaziar; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Bouhmala, Nourddine; Sarshar, Parvaneh; Yazidi, Anis & Gonzalez, Jose J (2013). Crowd Models for Emergency Evacuation: A Review Targeting Human-Centered Sensing. In Sprague, Ralph H. (Eds.), 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 978-1-4577-1925-7. p. 156–165. doi: 10.1109/hicss.2013.155. Show summary

  Emergency evacuation of crowds is a fascinating phenomenon that has attracted researchers from various fields. Better understanding of this class of crowd behavior opens up for improving evacuation policies and smarter design of buildings, increasing safety. Recently, a new class of disruptive technology has appeared: Humancentered sensing which allows crowd behavior to be monitored in real-time, and provides the basis for realtime crowd control. The question then becomes: to what degree can previous crowd models incorporate this development, and what areas need further research? In this paper, we provide a survey that describes some widely used crowd models and discuss their advantages and shortages from the angle of human-centered sensing. Our review reveals important research opportunities that may contribute to an improved and more robust emergency management.

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• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Murayama, Yuko (2023). Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction, 7th IFIP WG 5.15 International Conference, ITDRR 2022 - ITDRR 2022. Springer. ISBN 978-3-031-34206-6. 376 p.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; LaLone, Nicolas & Khazanchi, Deepak (2023). 20th Global Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference (ISCRAM 2023). ISCRAM. ISBN 979-8-218-21749-5. 1084 p.
• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Murayama, Yuko (2023). Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer. ISBN 978-3-031-34207-3. 500 p.

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• Sanfilippo, Filippo; Blažauskas, Tomas; Salvietti, Gionata; ramos, isabel; Vert, Silviu & Radianti, Jaziar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Integrating VR/AR with Haptics into STEM Education. Show summary

  About 80% of the world's students are not in school as a result of many countries shutting educational institutions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. To address this challenge, schools and universities are stepping up their efforts to leverage educational resources and offer remote learning opportunities. Many educational applications, platforms, and tools are available to facilitate student learning during periods of school closure. While these approaches provide critical support to society, they are mostly focused on the transfer of theoretical content. There is a lack of support for hands-on laboratory work and practical experience. This is especially relevant for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) departments, which must constantly improve their labs and pedagogical resources to offer meaningful study plans. In this paper, we present a novel perspective for a sustainable integration of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) with haptic wearables into STEM education to achieve multi-sensory learning. We highlight a unique viewpoint on existing pedagogical concepts and discuss the implications. We seek to stimulate global efforts towards the achievement of fully-immersive, open, and distance laboratory learning.

• Radianti, Jaziar (2021). Future Full-Scale Digital Exercise for Emergency Management.
• Aarland, Mari; Gjøsæter, Terje & Radianti, Jaziar (2020). Cyber-Security in Digital Metering Value Chain for Mountain Landslide Warning.
• Radianti, Jaziar (2018). Artificial Intelligence and Disaster Management.
• Snaprud, Mikael; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Radianti, Jaziar (2018). A novel approach to harmonize terminologies.
• Gjøsæter, Terje; Radianti, Jaziar & Chen, Weiqin (2018). Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management: A Research Agenda.
• Snaprud, Mikael; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Radianti, Jaziar (2017). Terminologi som redder liv.
• Radianti, Jaziar (2016). Towards European Dimensions of City Resilience.
• Radianti, Jaziar (2016). Better Access to Terminology for Crisis Communications.
• Snaprud, Mikael & Radianti, Jaziar (2016). Better Access to Terminology for Crisis Communications.
• Radianti, Jaziar; Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Lazreg, Mehdi Ben; Sarshar, Parvaneh & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2015). SmartRescue and SmartEMIS – Introducing CIEM.
• Radianti, Jaziar & Granmo, Ole-Christoffer (2015). CIEM Emergency ManagementLiving-Lab: Concepts and Design for Research, Innovation and Knowledge Exchange.
• Radianti, Jaziar (2014). UiA Game 20 November 2014 .
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Gjøsæter, Terje; Hagen, Dag Auby; Opach, Tomasz; Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth & Radianti, Jaziar [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Evaluering av INSITU skogbrannøvelse. Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 978-82-8427-050-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Opach, Tomasz; Radianti, Jaziar; Rød, Jan Ketil; Snaprud, Mikael & Grottenberg, Lars Ole [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Project report: Requirements specification. Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 978-82-7117-981-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The SAMRISK project “Sharing incident and threat information for common situational understanding“ (INSITU) commenced in May 2019. The INSITU project develops solutions for establishing a common situational understanding in complex operations requiring collaboration between several agencies. This involves systematic analysis of existing information sources and defining the information elements that are critical to share in different phases of a crisis situation. In addition, the project will develop procedures and related tool support for efficient collection and integration of information. As part of this work, the project contributes to harmonisation of terminology across agencies to secure effective communication. A map-based interface for display of information from different digital map resources will be developed, as a basis for a common operational picture (COP). This solution will also support evaluation and learning from incidents and emergency exercises. Based on a review of related research, the report briefly summarises the state of the art for the areas focused in the project. Through interviews and discussions with emergency stakeholders, field observation during an exercise, and field visits at operations centres, current practice for information sharing and establishing a COP is analysed. Based on the expressed needs from the emergency stakeholders and our analysis of current practice, the report specifies a set of requirements for information sharing, harmonisation of terminology, use of common map resources, and technology support for evaluation and learning from incidents.

• Labaka, Leire; Iturriza, Marta; Aboughonim, Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad S. & Radianti, Jaziar (2017). System Dynamics Simulation Model: City Resilience Dynamics Tool. Smart Mature Resilience EU H2020 Projekt. Full text in Research Archive

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