Ilias Pappas

• Khan, Eijaz Ahmed; Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir; Jahed, Mohammed Abu; Akter, Rabeya & Pappas, Ilias (2024). Green strategic leadership capability: Construct development and measurement validation. Journal of Cleaner Production. ISSN 0959-6526. 450. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141575.
• Schmager, Stefan; Groder, Charlotte Husom; Parmiggiani, Elena; Pappas, Ilias & Vasilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2024). Exploring citizens' stances on AI in public services: A social contract perspective. Data & Policy. ISSN 2632-3249. 6. doi: 10.1017/dap.2024.13.
• Bley, Katja; Pappas, Ilias & Strahringer, Susanne (2024). A Configurational Approach to Maturity Model Development – Using fsQCA to Build a Multiple-Pathway Maturity Model. Communications of the Association for Information Systems. ISSN 1529-3181. 54.
• Fosso Wamba, Samuel; Queiroz, Maciel M.; Pappas, Ilias & Sullivan, Yulia (2024). Artificial Intelligence Capability and Firm Performance: A Sustainable Development Perspective by the Mediating Role of Data-Driven Culture. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-023-10460-z.
• Akbarighatar, Pouria; Pappas, Ilias & Vasilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS: A HIERARCHICAL FRAMEWORK OF RESPONSIBLE AI PRINCIPLES, Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems ECIS 2023. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-1-958200-08-7.
• Erdvik, Magnus; Intaraphasuk, Kantasit; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). Establishing a Health Data Marketplace: A Framework for Success. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 14316. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-50040-4_17. Show summary

  This study outlines essential elements needed to develop a Health Data Marketplace (HDM) by building upon an existing data platform in Norway. A comprehensive framework is proposed that accounts for technical, legal, financial, and additional considerations. The results highlight the pivotal roles of key HDM actors - Marketplace Operators, Marketplace Users, and Legal Authorities - and emphasize critical enablers such as Data Standardization, Interoperability, Integration, Security, Trust, and Legal Frameworks. Such a marketplace has the potential to catalyze the effective, secure, and ethical use of health data, contributing to enhanced healthcare outcomes, research, and innovation.

• Eriksson, Christer; Olsen, Kristian Mareno Matre; Schmager, Stefan; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). Human-AI Collaboration in Public Services: The Case of Sick Leave Case Handling. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 14316, p. 41–53. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-50040-4_4. Show summary

  This research paper explores Human-AI Collaboration in public services, focusing on the needs and understanding of AI among caseworkers in a public welfare organisation dealing with sick leave cases. Conducting a foresight study with 19 caseworkers we identify roles that AI systems can take contributing to improved services for citizens, more fulfilling everyday work for caseworkers and more efficient use of public resources. Our research delves into the entirety of tasks involved in sick leave case handling expanding beyond the digital touchpoints between humans and AI. It goes beyond human-AI interaction to encompass the broader scope of collaboration between humans and machines as joint cognitive systems and suggests thinking of AI as a collaborator that undertakes specific roles.

• Intaraphasuk, Kantasit; Erdvik, Magnus; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). Establishing a Health Data Marketplace: Insights from Stakeholder Interviews. Reports of the European Society for Socially Embedded Technologies. ISSN 2510-2591. doi: 10.48340/ihc2023_pd018. Show summary

  This study explores the potential establishment of a Health Data Marketplace in the Norwegian e-health sector by extending the capabilities of an existing health data platform. The findings are based on the analysis of interviews with key heathcare actors and point to key requisites for extending the data platform to a marketplace: developing a suitable Business Model, ensuring Data Standardization and Regualtory Compliance, providing Transparency and building Trust.

• Pappas, Ilias; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni; Kruse, Leona Chandra & Purao, Sandeep (2023). Practicing Effective Stakeholder Engagement for Impactful Research. IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society. ISSN 2637-6415. 4(3), p. 248–254. doi: 10.1109/TTS.2023.3296991. Show summary

  Scholars acknowledge that achieving societal impact should be a key aim of research. However, societal impact usually becomes tangible only long after research completion, so that scholars can hardly report its evidence in a research article, if it is to be published in a timely manner. Interventionist research methods that involve engagement with stakeholders to generate solutions for real-world problem situations can provide a path towards direct societal impact. We argue that achieving such impact requires effective engagement with careful attention to the timing of engagement and inclusiveness of stakeholders – drawing on examples from our own research projects. Our analyses suggest that the research team needs to make choices to structure engagement efforts across research phases spanning problem definition, solution design, and solution evaluation. These choices define a space of possibilities that a research team can navigate based on considerations of access, research setting, research approach, and researcher expertise. We map these to three specific interventionist research approaches: Action Research, Clinical Research, and Action Design Research to highlight the alternatives. The paper concludes by pointing out that interventionist approaches can create favorable conditions but require the judicious exercise of choices by the research team to generate outcomes with direct societal impact.

• Akbarighatar, Pouria; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). Practices for Responsible AI: Findings from Interviews with Experts. In Midha, Vishal & Animesh, Animesh (Ed.), The 29th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS). Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-1-958200-05-6.
• Schmager, Stefan; Grøder, Charlotte Husom; Parmiggiani, Elena; Pappas, Ilias & Vasilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). What do citizens think of AI adoption in public services? Exploratory research on citizen attitudes through a social contract lens. In NN, NN (Eds.), 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2023). ScholarSpace. ISSN 978-0-9981331-6-4. p. 4472–4481. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by the public sector has the potential to improve service delivery. However, the risks related to AI are significant and citizen concerns have halted several AI initiatives. In this paper we report findings from an empirical study on citizens´ attitudes towards AI use in public services in Norway. We found a generally positive attitude and identified three factors contributing to this: a) the high level of trust in government; b) the reassurance provided by having humans in the loop; c) the perceived transparency into processes, data used for AI models and models´ inner workings. We interpret these findings through the lens of social contract theory and show how the introduction of AI in public services is subject to the social contract power dynamics. Our study contributes to research by foregrounding the government-citizen relationship and has implications for public sector AI practice.

• Tasoulis, Konstantinos; Pappas, Ilias; Vlachos, Pavlos & Oruh, Emeka Smart (2023). Employee reactions to planned organizational culture change: A configurational perspective. Human Relations. ISSN 0018-7267. doi: 10.1177/00187267231183305. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Can organizational culture be intentionally changed? And if so, what are the pathways to success versus failure? We address these questions by employing a configurational perspective, which allows us to examine the impact of multiple combinations of employee perceptions and traits on planned organizational culture change. Although employees have long been the focus of culture change research, the complex interactions of factors affecting their reactions have been largely ignored. With such a focus, the study empirically identifies pathways to successful versus failed organizational culture change, drawing rare empirical evidence from 59 interviews and secondary data from one of the longest surviving examples of industrial democracy, John Lewis Partnership, which underwent change geared away from a ‘civil-service’ towards a high-performance culture. Applying a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we identify multiple equifinal combinations of employee perceptions and traits (e.g., perceived organizational support, empowerment, and tenure) associated with successful or failed organizational culture change. Interestingly, we find more pathways leading to positive (i.e., ‘comparing’, ‘acquitting’, and ‘tolerating’) versus negative (i.e., ‘disillusioning’ and ‘dissociating’) reactions to culture change. We leverage these findings to show that employee reactions are more complex than currently considered, illustrating the value of a configurational perspective in such efforts.

• Ødeskaug, Christian Aleksander Aamlid; Gjertsen, Tord Vetle; Gupta, Samrat & Pappas, Ilias (2023). Exploring Willingness to Adopt Contact Tracing Applications: A Study with Norwegian Citizens. International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management. ISSN 1753-0296. 18(2), p. 1–16. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Amid discussions on the efficacy of digital contact tracing (DCT) during COVID-19, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's application, Smittestopp, faced criticism for perceived privacy intrusions. Despite its relaunch without GPS-tracking, skepticism persisted due to initial issues. This study proposes a model to assess DCT adoption, focusing on Norwegian citizens' privacy concerns, trust, and risk beliefs, particularly towards Smittestopp. The moderating role of emotions is also examined. Findings indicate that privacy concerns inversely affect trust and enhance risk beliefs. Trust and perceived advantages bolster the intention to use the application, while risk beliefs reduce it. Negative emotions moderate the relationship between risk beliefs and intention to use, whereas positive emotions amplify the influence of perceived benefits on app usage intention. Intention to use led to actual utilization of the Smittestop app. These insights increase our understanding of how DCT apps are perceived in a country in which citizen trust in government is high, while offering significant implications for managing future crises and contagion spread.

• Queiroz, Maciel M.; Fosso Wamba, Samuel; Raut, Rakesh D. & Pappas, Ilias (2023). Does Resilience Matter for Supply Chain Performance in Disruptive Crises with Scarce Resources? British Journal of Management. ISSN 1045-3172. doi: 10.1111/1467-8551.12748. Show summary

  In today's disruptive world, firms and supply chains are facing massive disruptions, primarily owing to resource scarcity. We develop a model supported by the resilience and resource-based theories to assess supply chain decision-makers in the United States. We validate the model by employing partial least squares structural equation modeling and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. We find that supply chain agility and flexibility can support supply chain resilience, which in turn sustains supply chain performance. Furthermore, we find a mediation effect of supply chain resilience in the relationship between agility and supply chain performance, as well as between flexibility and supply chain performance. Furthermore, the findings suggest that supply chain performance under severe disruptions can be achieved when supply chains are resilient based on the combination of agility and flexibility. Our study contributes to the supply chain resilience and resource-based theory literature by identifying that resource configuration plays a decisive role in resilience and performance in severe disruptions due to resource scarcity. Our findings suggest that not all resilience-related resources are necessary to build resilience and support performance. Therefore, when confronted by a disruptive crisis, managers, practitioners and policymakers should identify the best resource configurations to create resilience and support performance.

• Akbarighatar, Pouria; Pappas, Ilias & Vasilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). A sociotechnical perspective for responsible AI maturity models: Findings from a mixed-method literature review. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights. 3(2). doi: 10.1016/j.jjimei.2023.100193. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  As artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in various industries, it becomes crucial for organizations to enhance their capabilities and maturity in adopting AI responsibly. This paper employs a mixed-method approach that combines topic modeling with manual content analysis to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on AI maturity and readiness. The review encompasses an extensive corpus of 1451 papers, identifying the main themes and topics within this body of literature. Based on these findings, a subset of papers was selected and further analyzed to identify AI capabilities utilizing a sociotechnical lens. This further analysis led to the identification of foundational and responsible AI (RAI) capabilities. These capabilities have been integrated in a sociotechnical framework of capabilities for AI maturity models providing valuable insights for organizations and AI service providers and a basis for further research.

• Kusal, Sheetal; Patil, Shruti; Choudrie, Jyoti; Kotecha, Ketan; Vora, Deepali & Pappas, Ilias (2023). A systematic review of applications of natural language processing and future challenges with special emphasis in text-based emotion detection. Artificial Intelligence Review. ISSN 0269-2821. doi: 10.1007/s10462-023-10509-0. Show summary

  Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been used for processing data to make decisions, Interact with humans, and understand their feelings and emotions. With the advent of the Internet, people share and express their thoughts on day-to-day activities and global and local events through text messaging applications. Hence, it is essential for machines to understand emotions in opinions, feedback, and textual dialogues to provide emotionally aware responses to users in today's online world. The field of text-based emotion detection (TBED) is advancing to provide automated solutions to various applications, such as business and finance, to name a few. TBED has gained a lot of attention in recent times. The paper presents a systematic literature review of the existing literature published between 2005 and 2021 in TBED. This review has meticulously examined 63 research papers from the IEEE, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to address four primary research questions. It also reviews the different applications of TBED across various research domains and highlights its use. An overview of various emotion models, techniques, feature extraction methods, datasets, and research challenges with future directions has also been represented.

• Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Kshetri, Nir; Hughes, Laurie; Slade, Emma Louise; Jeyaraj, Anand & Kar, Arpan Kumar [Show all 73 contributors for this article] (2023). “So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. 71. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642. Show summary

  Transformative artificially intelligent tools, such as ChatGPT, designed to generate sophisticated text indistinguishable from that produced by a human, are applicable across a wide range of contexts. The technology presents opportunities as well as, often ethical and legal, challenges, and has the potential for both positive and negative impacts for organisations, society, and individuals. Offering multi-disciplinary insight into some of these, this article brings together 43 contributions from experts in fields such as computer science, marketing, information systems, education, policy, hospitality and tourism, management, publishing, and nursing. The contributors acknowledge ChatGPT’s capabilities to enhance productivity and suggest that it is likely to offer significant gains in the banking, hospitality and tourism, and information technology industries, and enhance business activities, such as management and marketing. Nevertheless, they also consider its limitations, disruptions to practices, threats to privacy and security, and consequences of biases, misuse, and misinformation. However, opinion is split on whether ChatGPT’s use should be restricted or legislated. Drawing on these contributions, the article identifies questions requiring further research across three thematic areas: knowledge, transparency, and ethics; digital transformation of organisations and societies; and teaching, learning, and scholarly research. The avenues for further research include: identifying skills, resources, and capabilities needed to handle generative AI; examining biases of generative AI attributable to training datasets and processes; exploring business and societal contexts best suited for generative AI implementation; determining optimal combinations of human and generative AI for various tasks; identifying ways to assess accuracy of text produced by generative AI; and uncovering the ethical and legal issues in using generative AI across different contexts.

• Opland, Leif Erik; Bley, Katja & Pappas, Ilias (2023). Is Motivation always the Key? – Antecedents of Employee-Driven Digital Innovation. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. p. 4818–4827. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Understanding the factors that can explain innovation has received a lot of attention among researchers in the last decades. During the same period, different approaches to innovation have also seen the light of day, among them employee-driven innovation and digital innovation. In this study our aim is to look at a concept that merges these two types of innovation and see how motivation affects employee-driven digital innovation. In our research model we look at how intrinsic, social, and internalized extrinsic motivation affects employeedriven digital innovation, and how variables like strategy and organizational culture can act as explanatory and moderating variables.

• Opland, Leif Erik; Smite, Darja & Pappas, Ilias (2022). FACILITATING EMPLOYEE-DRIVEN DIGITAL INNOVATION THROUGH THE USE OF HACKATHONS – A CASE STUDY, The 14th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS 2022). Acting in the digital society: moving towards a sustainable future. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-88-87173-05-5.
• Grøder, Charlotte Husom; Schmager, Stefan; Parmiggiani, Elena; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni; Pappas, Ilias & Papavlasopoulou, Sofia (2022). Educating about Responsible AI in IS: Designing a course based on Experiential Learning. In BohMann, Tilo; Hui, Kai-Lung & Venkatesh, Viswanath (Ed.), ICIS 2022 Proceedings. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-1-958200-03-2. Show summary

  Responsible AI (RAI) is an emerging topic in the Information Systems (IS) literature. RAI entails ensuring ethical, transparent, and accountable use of AI technologies in line with societal values, expectations, and norms. The challenge for research on IS education at university level is to accompany the growing research on RAI with approaches to educate students about this emerging theme. Research on IS education on responsible AI remains scarce to date, however. We ask: How can we design a course to educate students about responsible AI? We build on earlier research and an experiential learning-based approach to propose a course design promoting students’ multidisciplinary, problem-based learning about RAI applied to the case of public welfare services. Our study is based on participatory observations of student groups and group interviews after a project, acting as an arena where the students could reflect on the learning process and evolving awareness of RAI.

• Polyviou, Ariana & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Chasing Metaverses: Reflecting on Existing Literature to Understand the Business Value of Metaverses. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-022-10364-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Metaverses refer to immersive virtual worlds in which people, places, and things of the physical world are represented by their digital representations. The wide adoption of metaverses is expected to widely disrupt the way we interact in the virtual world by elevating our online interactive experiences and bringing a plethora of implications for businesses. Following a structured literature review of related research published in the last decade, we shed light on our current understanding of metaverses and reflect on the potentially transformative value of metaverses for businesses in the near future. We draw on an established research framework to organize the insights of existing literature across different levels of analysis and activities’ purpose. Through this analysis, we reveal eight propositions on the changes brought by the use of metaverses and identify a number of open questions which could serve as future research avenues.

• Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir; Chowdhury, Md. Maruf Hossan; Pappas, Ilias; Metri, Bhimaraya; Hughes, Laurie & Dwivedi, Yogesh K. (2022). Fake news on Facebook and their impact on supply chain disruption during COVID-19. Annals of Operations Research. ISSN 0254-5330. doi: 10.1007/s10479-022-05124-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Social media (SM) fake news has become a serious concern especially during COVID-19. In this study, we develop a research model to investigate to what extent SM fake news contributes to supply chain disruption (SCD), and what are the different SM affordances that contribute to SM fake news. To test the derived hypotheses with survey data, we have applied partial least square based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. Further, to identify how different configurations of SC resilience (SCR) capabilities reduce SCD, we have used fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The results show that SM affordances lead to fake news, which increases consumer panic buying (CPB); CPB in turn increases SCD. In addition, SM fake news directly increases SCD. The moderation test suggests that, SCR capability, as a higher-order construct, decreases the effect of CPB on SCD; however, neither of the capabilities individually moderates. Complimentarily, the fsQCA results suggest that no single capability but their three specific configurations reduce SCD. This work offers a new theoretical perspective to study SCD through SM fake news. Our research advances the knowledge of SCR from a configurational lens by adopting an equifinal means towards mitigating disruption. This research will also assist the operations and SC managers to strategize and understand which combination of resilience capabilities is the most effective in tackling disruptions during a crisis e.g., COVID-19. In addition, by identifying the relative role of different SM affordances, this study provides pragmatic insights into SM affordance measures that combat fake news on SM.

• Bley, Katja; Rønningen, Martin Holthe; Spagnoletti, Paolo & Pappas, Ilias (2022). The Potential of Big Data Analytics for Decision Support in Sports–The Case of Soccer. In Brown, Sue & Subramani, Mani (Ed.), AMCIS 2022 PROCEEDINGS. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-1-958200-00-1. p. 1–11. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Compared to other popular sports, soccer is quite a fluid sport with high degrees of freedom, which is why evaluating games or single players' performance is more demanding and complex. Even though the availability of different types of soccer data has increased steadily over the last few years, the process of strategic and tactical decision-making is still traditionally done by single specialists. In this context, the potentials of big data analytics (BDA) provide an advantage in automatically assessing and assembling data from various sources and generating insights that exceed the analytical capability of individual human experts. We focus on this potential by developing a design science research-based BDA artifact, which aims at providing strategic decisional support for managers and experts. In several evaluations with different soccer and sports experts, we are able to show advanced usability of the artifact's instantiation over traditional tools provided by large stats providers.

• Sharma, Kshitij; Pappas, Ilias; Papavlasopoulou, Sofia & Giannakos, Michail (2022). Wearable Sensing and Quantified-self to explain Learning Experience. International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT). ISSN 2161-3761. doi: 10.1109/ICALT55010.2022.00048. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The confluence of wearable technologies for sensing learners and the quantified-self provides a unique opportunity to understand learners’ experience in diverse learning contexts. We use data from learners using Empatica Wristbands and self-reported questionnaire. We compute stress, arousal, engagement and emotional regulation from physiological data; and perceived performance from the self-reported data. We use Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to find relations between the physiological measurements and the perceived learning performance. The results show how the presence or absence of arousal, engagement, emotional regulation, and stress, as well as their combinations, can be sufficient to explain high perceived learning performance

• Polyviou, Ariana & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Metaverses and Business Transformation. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. ISSN 1868-4238. 660, p. 314–319. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-17968-6_25. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Metaverses refer to virtual worlds which enable the interaction between users and simulate people, places and things of the physical world. The wider use of metaverses can disrupt how we interact and bring a plethora of implications for businesses and society. While the term metaverse received increased attention recently due to the interest of tech giants, researchers have been exploring virtual world interactions for over a decade. In light of new exciting metaverse implementations, it is necessary to consolidate information via existing research on how the use of metaverses can transform businesses. As a first step, this paper outlines the methodology to be followed by future researchers aiming to shed light on metaverse and business transformation. It proposes a framework to assist authors in organizing existing literature on metaverses and guide them in identifying future research avenues.

• Bley, Katja; Hentschel, Raoul & Pappas, Ilias (2022). An Information Systems Design Theory for Digital Broker Platforms. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13229, p. 5–16. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-06516-3_1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Service platforms are becoming dominant drivers of daily business operations in a digitalized environment. Research focuses on technological and network effects of such platforms, while socio-technical opportunities remain limited. Guidance support in selecting appropriate digital services on a multisided market platform may help companies with low domain knowledge as it increases their benefits by reducing existing barriers in adopting emerging technologies. We adapt the concept of a broker to a digital platform, which instantiates guidance support on multisided markets as core platform element. Further, we abstract the concept of a digital broker platform as an Information Systems (IS) design theory. By providing the necessary components of an IS design theory, we offer the possibility to derive digital broker platform artifacts, which are theoretically and conceptually grounded. We provide design principles for the method artifact and describe their applicability in an exemplary instantiation of the design theory in the domain of cloud computing. Lastly, we present the artifact’s mutability as well as its testable propositions.

• Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni & Pappas, Ilias (2022). AI/Human Augmentation: A Study on Chatbot – Human Agent Handovers. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. ISSN 1868-4238. 660, p. 118–123. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-17968-6_8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The combination of chatbots with live chats supported by human agents creates a new type of man-machine coordination problem. Prior research on chatbot interactions has focused mostly on the interaction between end users and chatbots and there is limited research on the interaction between human chat agents and chatbots. This study aims to fill this gap contributing to the body of research on coordinating humans and artificial conversational agents by addressing the Research Question: How can the handover between chatbots and chat employees be handled to ensure good user experience? The study aims to contribute to the emerging discipline of Human-Centered AI providing insights on how to create AI-enabled systems that amplify and augment human abilities while preserving human control by identifying key aspects that need to be considered when integrating chatbots in live chat workflows.

• Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir; Quaddus, Mohammed; Warren, Matthew; Akter, Shahriar & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Are you a cyberbully on social media? Exploring the personality traits using a fuzzy-set configurational approach. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. 66. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102537.
• Opland, Leif Erik & Pappas, Ilias (2022). How Can Hackathons Facilitate Employee-Driven Digital Innovation in Public Organizations? Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13454, p. 231–237. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-15342-6_18. Show summary

  New approaches to innovation have emerged creating needs for new explanatory models for discussing, understanding and implementing innovation, among these employee-driven innovation. Employee-driven innovation appears as a direction within innovation where the focus is on ordinary employees and how these can contribute to innovation within already existing private and public organizations. This form of innovation has especially been seen as appropriate in relation to companies engaged in digital innovation, also formulated as employeedriven digital innovation. Innovation in public organizations has recently received more attention, but still appears to be under-researched in many contexts compared to private organizations. Not only have we received new approaches to innovation, but we have also seen the emergence of new ways of organizing and managing innovation. Hackathons have over time emerged and gained a role as a way to facilitate innovation in many organizations, especially organizations related to IT. Hackathons can therefore be perceived to have contributed to a movement towards more open innovation processes, both internally, but also in relation to the organizations’ stakeholders externally. In this conceptual paper we will present and discuss how hackathons can act as a facilitator to spur employee-driven digital innovation in public organizations, and how we want to use hackathons as an artifact in a design science research approach to study employee-driven digital innovation in a public organization.

• Tisland, Ingvild; Sodefjed, Marthe Løvsland; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni & Pappas, Ilias (2022). The Role of Quality, Trust, and Empowerment in Explaining Satisfaction and Use of Chatbots in e-government. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13454, p. 279–291. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-15342-6_22. Show summary

  With technology advancements within the field of AI there has been an increased interest in chatbots used for e-government services. Despite this increased interest, there is a knowledge gap in terms of what contributes to the satisfaction with e-government chatbots. To fill this gap, this study investigates factors affecting the satisfaction and use of chatbots from a citizen perspective. To this end, this study builds on the Information Systems success model, by exam- ining the role of key critical antecedents (i.e., information quality, system quality, service quality) and extends it by considering the role citizens’ trusting beliefs and perceived empowerment when using e-government chatbots, in order to explain citizens’ satisfaction and intention to use chatbots. A model that captures the mul- tidimensional and interdependent nature of chatbot success is suggested and tested on data collected from 105 users of e-government chatbots in Norway. The find- ings indicate that information and service quality positively influence the degree of trusting beliefs by the citizens while all three quality dimensions positively influence empowerment perceived by citizens. The degree of trusting beliefs and empowerment positively affect satisfaction, while satisfaction positively affects intention to use. This study identifies the impact of quality dimensions on trusting beliefs and empowerment and is the first study to investigate both empowerment and trusting beliefs in the context of e-government chatbots.

• Bley, Katja; Fredriksen, Simen Fredrik Brunvand; Skjærvik, Mats Eide & Pappas, Ilias (2022). The Role of Organizational Culture on Artificial Intelligence Capabilities and Organizational Performance. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13454, p. 13–24. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-15342-6_2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Inrecentyears,artificialintelligence(AI)hasbecomeincreasinglyrel- evant for organizations to exploit business-related databases and remain compet- itive. However, even though those technologies offer a huge potential to improve organizational performance, many companies face challenges when adopting AI technologies due to missing organizational and AI capability requirements. Whereas existing research often focuses on technological requirements for the application of AI, this study focuses on those challenges by investigating the influ- ence of organizational culture on a company’s AI capability and its organizational performance. We conducted a quantitative study in Scandinavia and employed a questionnaire receiving 299 responses. The results reveal a strong positive relationship between organizational culture, AI capabilities, and organizational performance.

• Kabudi, Tumaini; Pappas, Ilias & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2022). Deriving Design Principles for AI-Adaptive Learning Systems: Findings from Interviews with Experts. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13454, p. 82–94. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-15342-6_7. Full text in Research Archive
• Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Hughes, Laurie; Baabdullah, Abdullah M.; Ribeiro-Navarrete, Samuel; Giannakis, Mihalis & Al-Debei, Mutaz M. [Show all 42 contributors for this article] (2022). Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. 66. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The metaverse has the potential to extend the physical world using augmented and virtual reality technologies allowing users to seamlessly interact within real and simulated environments using avatars and holograms. Virtual environments and immersive games (such as, Second Life, Fortnite, Roblox and VRChat) have been described as antecedents of the metaverse and offer some insight to the potential socio-economic impact of a fully functional persistent cross platform metaverse. Separating the hype and “meta…” rebranding from current reality is difficult, as “big tech” paints a picture of the transformative nature of the metaverse and how it will positively impact people in their work, leisure, and social interaction. The potential impact on the way we conduct business, interact with brands and others, and develop shared experiences is likely to be transformational as the distinct lines between physical and digital are likely to be somewhat blurred from current perceptions. However, although the technology and infrastructure does not yet exist to allow the development of new immersive virtual worlds at scale - one that our avatars could transcend across platforms, researchers are increasingly examining the transformative impact of the metaverse. Impacted sectors include marketing, education, healthcare as well as societal effects relating to social interaction factors from widespread adoption, and issues relating to trust, privacy, bias, disinformation, application of law as well as psychological aspects linked to addiction and impact on vulnerable people. This study examines these topics in detail by combining the informed narrative and multi-perspective approach from experts with varied disciplinary backgrounds on many aspects of the metaverse and its transformational impact. The paper concludes by proposing a future research agenda that is valuable for researchers, professionals and policy makers alike.

• Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni; Haug, Arve; Salvesen, Leif Martin & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Developing human/AI interactions for chat-based customer services: lessons learned from the Norwegian government. European Journal of Information Systems. ISSN 0960-085X. doi: 10.1080/0960085X.2022.2096490. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Advancements in human/AI interactions led to smartification of public services via the use of chatbots. Here, we present findings from a clinical inquiry research project in a key public service organisation in Norway. In this project, researchers and practitioners worked together to generate insights on the action possibilities offered to human service agents by chatbots and the potential for creating hybrid human/AI service teams. The project sensitised service agents to discover affordances based on their actual practices, rather than on the predefined use of chatbots. The different affordances identified can be useful for practitioners who design and deploy chatbot-based services. The action possibilities afforded by chatbots provide new ways for service agents and chatbots to work as a team addressing citizens’ needs. Drawing from the whole research process, we offer three lessons learned from the Norwegian Government on human/AI partnerships, theory-based interventions, and institutionalised collaborative research that can be useful for researchers that want to engage with practice and organisations that want to evolve their technology use, stimulate innovation, and engage with research.

• Opland, Leif Erik; Pappas, Ilias; Engesmo, Jostein & Jaccheri, Maria Letizia (2022). Employee-driven digital innovation: A systematic review and a research agenda. Journal of Business Research. ISSN 0148-2963. 143, p. 255–271. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.038. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  As the digital shift in society affects both private and public organizations, the role of digital innovation is critical if digital transformations are to succeed. Research has developed models to explain how digital innovation affects organizations and societies. During the last ten years, employee-driven innovation has emerged as a new approach to explain innovation. Through this systematic literature review, we offer insight into the intersection between employee-driven innovation and digital innovation, and we coin the term employee-driven digital innovation. We review 58 studies published at this research intersection since 2010. The findings show a research field of growing interest that is divided into two main streams of research, one focused on the outcomes of employee-driven digital innovation and the other on the use of digital tools to support employee-driven innovation processes. We describe this research area, identify critical research gaps and propose future research directions.

• Dennehy, Denis; Pappas, Ilias; Wamba, Samuel Fosso & Michael, Katina (2021). Guest editorial: Socially responsible information systems development: the role of AI and business analytics. Information Technology Journal. ISSN 1812-5638. 34(6), p. 1541–1550. doi: 10.1108/ITP-10-2021-871.
• Meadows, Maureen; Merendino, Alessandro; Dibb, Sally; Garcia-Perez, Alexeis; Hinton, Matthew & Papagiannidis, Savvas [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Tension in the data environment: How organisations can meet the challenge. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. ISSN 0040-1625. 175. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121315. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Big Data is becoming ubiquitous - widely applied across organisations, industry sectors and society. However, the opportunities and risks it presents are not yet fully understood. In this paper we identify and explore the tensions that Big Data can create at multiple levels, focusing on the need for organisations to meet the challenges that can arise. We draw on insights from twelve papers published in the Special Issue of Technological Forecasting & Social Change entitled “Tension in the Data Environment: Can Organisations Meet the Challenge?” in order to build a ‘Multi-Layer Tensions Model’ that highlights key pressures and challenges in the BD environment. We find evidence of tensions of three types, which we summarise as “Organisational Learning”, “Organisational Leadership” and “Societal” tensions. We contribute, first, by identifying and developing a nuanced understanding of the tensions faced in the Big Data environment; and second, by elaborating on the capabilities that can be developed and the actions taken to maximise the benefits of Big Data. We end with a “Learning, Leading, Linking” framework, which points to implications for practice and a future research agenda.

• Al-Musawi, Ali Saad Jawad; Yang, Erik; Bley, Katja; Thapa, Devinder & Pappas, Ilias (2021). The Role of Citizens’ Familiarity, Privacy Concerns, and Trust on Adoption of Smart Services. NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning. ISSN 1892-0713. 2021(2). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Smart city solutions and applications are considered as a strategic means to cope with multiple global and local challenges such as pollution, energy expenditure and digitalization to name a few. Although these solutions are driven by advanced information technologies such as IoT and Big data, their success is dependent on user engagement and trust. We seek to examine how citizens' awareness and perception of smart cities affect their adoption of smart services. To answer this, we conducted a study in Norway and employed a questionnaire receiving 103 responses. Furthermore, we conducted 12 semi-structured inter- views to obtain further insights. The results show how citizens value the benefit of smart services and how their adoption is influences by engagement and trust towards them.

• Hofmann, Sara & Pappas, Ilias (2021). Understanding Civic Engagement on Social Media Based on Users’ Motivation to Contribute. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12849, p. 27–39. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-82824-0_3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Socialmediaoffervariousopportunitiesforcivicengagementby,e.g., liking, sharing, or posting relevant content. Users’ motivation to contribute to relevant topics is quite divers and can stem from an intrinsic motivation to do good or external incentives such as being recognised and rewarded by other users. In our study, we adopt self-determination theory, which defines motivation as broad continuum ranging from intrinsic motivation to external regulation. We conducted a quantitative survey with 667 Facebook users to identify how the different kinds of motivation impact the users’ behaviour in terms of reading, liking, sharing, commenting, and posting topics relevant to civic engagement. Our results suggest that social media users are mainly driven by intrinsic motivation while different forms of extrinsic motivation play a less important role.

• Niforatos, Evangelos; Tran, Camilla; Pappas, Ilias & Giannakos, Michail (2021). Goalkeeper: A Zero-Sum Exergame for Motivating Physical Activity. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12934, p. 65–86. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-85613-7_5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Incentives and peer competition have so far been employed independently for increasing physical activity. In this paper, we introduce Goalkeeper, a mobile application that utilizes deposit contracts for motivating physical activity in group settings. Goalkeeper enables one to set up a physical exercise challenge with a group of peers that deposit a fixed amount of money for participating. If a peer fails to complete the challenge, Goalkeeper redistributes their deposit to those who managed to complete it (i.e., zero-sum game). We evaluated the potential of Goalkeeper in increasing physical activity with a total of 50 participants over the course of 2 months. Our findings suggest that deposit contracts induce a loss-aversion bias, that in combination with peer competition, is effective in increasing exercise motivation. Ultimately, we generate a set of design principles for exergames that utilize deposit contracts for increasing physical activity in group settings.

• Bley, Katja; Pappas, Ilias & Strahringer, Susanne (2021). INNOVATION CAPABILITY IN SMALL INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES–A SET THEORETIC APPROACH TO MATURITY MODELS, Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) 2021. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-1-7336325-6-0. Show summary

  Phenomena like the digital transformation lead to constantly changing economic requirements for companies and their underlying business models. The concept of an innovation capability maturity model is a possible approach to adapt to these changes by presenting solutions for the improvement of innovation potential, which in turn leads to higher turnover. Since existing one-size-fits-all conceptual development approaches of maturity models cannot depict the characteristics for a specific class (size and sector) of companies, we apply a data-driven development approach for the class of small industrial companies. Divided into a knowledge and organizational dimension, our findings reveal a total of 21 factor combinations, representing different levels of innovation capability maturity. By applying a set-theoretic approach for the identification of factor configurations leading to low, medium, and high innovation capability maturity, we furthermore propose the conceptual approach for an empirically driven set-theoretic maturity model development, yielding a design science method artifact.

• Kabudi, Tumaini; Pappas, Ilias & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2021). AI-enabled adaptive learning systems: A systematic mapping of the literature. Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence (CAEAI). 2(2021), p. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100017. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Mobile internet, cloud computing, big data technologies, and significant breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have all transformed education. In recent years, there has been an emergence of more advanced AI-enabled learning systems, which are gaining traction due to their ability to deliver learning content and adapt to the individual needs of students. Yet, even though these contemporary learning systems are useful educational platforms that meet students’ needs, there is still a low number of implemented systems designed to address the concerns and problems faced by many students. Based on this perspective, a systematic mapping of the literature on AI-enabled adaptive learning systems was performed in this work. A total of 147 studies published between 2014 and 2020 were analysed. The major findings and contributions of this paper include the identification of the types of AI-enabled learning interventions used, a visualisation of the co-occurrences of authors associated with major research themes in AI-enabled learning systems and a review of common analytical methods and related techniques utilised in such learning systems. This mapping can serve as a guide for future studies on how to better design AI-enabled learning systems to solve specific learning problems and improve users’ learning experiences.

• Mygland, Morten Johan; Schibbye, Morten; Pappas, Ilias & Vasilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2021). Affordances in Human-Chatbot Interaction: A Review of the Literature. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12896, p. 3–17. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-85447-8_1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract. The present study advances our understanding of human-AI interactions, by identifying and analyzing chatbot affordances in prior research. The results of this review consolidate research findings on chatbots’ affordances, which must be taken into consideration when chatbot-based services are designed and deployed. Specifically, the review of state-of-the-art literature led to the identification of nine high level affordances: Human Like Conversing, Assistance Provision, Facilitation, Distilling Information, Enriching Information, Context Identification, Personalization, Fostering Familiarity and Ensuring Privacy. Our contribution is twofold. First, we map the chatbot affordances identified in prior research and group them in higher-level, overarching affordances through a thematic analysis. Furthermore, we identify areas for future research providing a foundation for researchers aiming to engage with the research area

• Pappas, Ilias & Thapa, Devinder (2021). Big Data Analytics Affordances for Social Innovation: A Theoretical Framework. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12896, p. 144–149. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-85447-8_13. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper proposes a theoretical framework to identify the mechanisms by which actors perceive the affordances of big data analytics (BDA) and how institutional voids and supports enable or hinder the actualisation of those perceived affordances. In doing so, we contribute to identifying the missing link needed to understand the social innovation process in relation to BDA. The framework paves the ground towards understanding the institutionalization process of social innovation and its implications for research and practice.

• Choudrie, Jyoti; Patil, Shruti; Kotecha, Ketan; Matta, Nikhil & Pappas, Ilias (2021). Applying and Understanding an Advanced, Novel Deep Learning Approach: A Covid 19, Text Based, Emotions Analysis Study. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-021-10152-6. Show summary

  The pandemic COVID 19 has altered individuals’ daily lives across the globe. It has led to preventive measures such as physical distancing to be imposed on individuals and led to terms such as ‘lockdown,’ ‘emergency,’ or curfew’ to emerge in various countries. It has affected society, not only physically and financially, but in terms of emotional wellbeing as well. This distress in the human emotional quotient results from multiple factors such as financial implications, family member’s behavior and support, country-specific lockdown protocols, media influence, or fear of the pandemic. For efficient pandemic management, there is a need to understand the emotional variations among individuals, as this will provide insights into public sentiment towards various government pandemic management policies. From our investigations, it was found that individuals have increasingly used different microblogging platforms such as Twitter to remain connected and express their feelings and concerns during the pandemic. However, research in the area of expressed emotional wellbeing during COVID 19 is still growing, which motivated this team to form the aim: To identify, explore and understand globally the emotions expressed during the earlier months of the pandemic COVID 19 by utilizing Deep Learning and Natural language Processing (NLP). For the data collection, over 2 million tweets during February–June 2020 were collected and analyzed using an advanced deep learning technique of Transfer Learning and Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach (RoBERTa). A Reddit-based standard Emotion Dataset by Crowdflower was utilized for transfer learning. Using RoBERTa and the collated Twitter dataset, a multi-class emotion classifier system was formed. With the implemented methodology, a tweet classification accuracy of 80.33% and an average MCC score of 0.78 was achieved, improving the existing AI-based emotion classification methods. This study explains the novel application of the Roberta model during the pandemic that provided insights into changing emotional wellbeing over time of various citizens worldwide. It also offers novelty for data mining and analytics during this challenging, pandemic era. These insights can be beneficial for formulating effective pandemic management strategies and devising a novel, predictive strategy for the emotional well-being of an entire country’s citizens when facing future unexpected exogenous shocks.

• Opland, Leif Erik; Jaccheri, Maria Letizia; Pappas, Ilias & Engesmo, Jostein (2021). EMPLOYEE-DRIVEN DIGITAL INNOVATION IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS – A CASE STUDY, The 25th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems. PACIS 2021 - Virtual Duration: 12 July to 14 July 2021.. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-1-7336325-7-7.
• Giannakos, Michail; Mikalef, Patrick & Pappas, Ilias (2021). Systematic literature review of E-learning capabilities to enhance organizational learning. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. p. 1–17. doi: 10.1007/s10796-020-10097-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Pappas, Ilias & Giannakos, Michail (2021). Rethinking Learning Design in IT Education During a Pandemic. Frontiers in Education. ISSN 2504-284X. 6, p. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2021.652856. Full text in Research Archive
• Pappas, Ilias & Woodside, Arch G. (2021). Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA): Guidelines for research practice in Information Systems and marketing. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. 58, p. 1–23. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102310. Full text in Research Archive
• Ahamed, AFM Jalal & Pappas, Ilias (2020). Revisiting the Trust–Commitment and Export Performance Link: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) Approach. In Sharma, Sujeet; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Metri, Bhimaraya & Rana, Nripendra P. (Ed.), Re-imagining Diffusion and Adoption of Information Technology and Systems: A Continuing Conversation. IFIP WG 8.6 International Conference on Transfer and Diffusion of IT, TDIT 2020, Tiruchirappalli, India, December 18–19, 2020, Proceedings, Part II. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-64861-9. doi: https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64861-9_49.
• Kabudi, Tumaini; Pappas, Ilias & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2020). Learning Environments in the 21st Century: A Mapping of the Literature. In Sharma, Sujeet; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Metri, Bhimaraya & Rana, Nripendra P. (Ed.), Re-imagining Diffusion and Adoption of Information Technology and Systems: A Continuing Conversation. IFIP WG 8.6 International Conference on Transfer and Diffusion of IT, TDIT 2020, Tiruchirappalli, India, December 18–19, 2020, Proceedings, Part I. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-64849-7. p. 67–76. Show summary

  Education has been transformed by significant breakthroughs in AI, mobile internet, cloud computing and Big Data technologies. More personalized educational settings are developed by increasingly integrating contemporary learning environments with new technologies. However, few examples of executed AI enabled learning interventions have been identified. Therefore, a mapping of literature on AI enabled learning systems was done. 121 studies published in the last five years were analyzed. This paper presents a discussion regarding on what mainly AI enabled contemporary learning environments are designed to achieve. The major contribution of the study is bringing awareness to researchers and system developers on the purposes of AI enabled contemporary learning environments. This review will act as a guide for future studies on how to better design AI enabled learning environments.

• Mikalef, Patrick; Sharma, Kshitij; Pappas, Ilias & Giannakos, Michail (2020). Seeking Information on Social Commerce: An Examination of the Impact of User- and Marketer-generated Content Through an Eye-tracking Study. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. 23, p. 1273–1286. doi: 10.1007/s10796-020-10034-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Kabudi, Tumaini; Pappas, Ilias & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2020). Systematic Literature Mapping on AI-enabled Contemporary Learning Systems. In Anderson, Bonnie; Thatcher, Jason; Meservy, Rayman; Chudoba, Kathy; Fadel, Kelly & Brown, Sue (Ed.), 26th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2020. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-1-7336325-4-6.
• Opland, Leif Erik; Jaccheri, Maria Letizia; Pappas, Ilias & Engesmo, Jostein (2020). Utilising the innovation potential - A systematic literature review on employee-driven digital innovation, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity in a Digitizing World - 28th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2020) - an Online AIS Conference, June 15-17.. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-1-7336325-1-5.
• Papamitsiou, Zacharoula; Pappas, Ilias; Sharma, Kshitij & Giannakos, Michail (2020). Utilizing multimodal data through fsQCA to explain engagement in adaptive learning. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies. ISSN 1939-1382. 13(4), p. 689–703. doi: 10.1109/TLT.2020.3020499. Full text in Research Archive
• Berg, Vebjørn; Birkeland, Jørgen; Nguyen Duc, Anh; Khan, Khalid; Pappas, Ilias & Jaccheri, Maria Letizia (2020). Key Influencing Factors in Early-Stage Hardware Startups: A Trilateral Model of Speed, Resource, and Quality. In Nguyen Duc, Anh; Münch, Jürgen; Prikladnicki, Rafael; Wang, Xiaofeng & Abrahamsson, Pekka (Ed.), Fundamentals of Software Startups : Essential Engineering and Business Aspects. Springer Nature. ISSN 978-3-030-35983-6. p. 281–297. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-35983-6_17. Show summary

  Hardware startups, i.e., wearable devices, robotics, and Internet of Things, are a significant sector of technology startups, in which software development is relevant and needed. Compared to pure software startups, hardware development in startup contexts lacks a systematic approach and guidelines. This chapter describes an empirical model that captures common elements in product development approaches among many hardware startups. Grounded from insights of 18 active hardware startups, we constructed a trilateral model of resource, speed, and quality in early-stage product development. For startups with relevant contexts, the work suggests the preparation of internal, external resources, and good practices of prototyping and matching prototypes to business activities.

• Pappas, Ilias; Papavlasopoulou, Sofia; Mikalef, Patrick & Giannakos, Michail (2020). Identifying the combinations of motivations and emotions for creating satisfied users in SNSs: An fsQCA approach. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. 53. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102128. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Social Networking Sites (SNSs) play an important role in our daily lives and the number of their users increases regularly. To understand how users can be satisfied in the complex digital environment of SNSs, this study examines how motivations and emotions combine with each other to explain high satisfaction. Users’ motivations comprise four attributes, entertainment, information, social-psychological, and convenience. Emotions are divided into their two main categories, that is positive and negative emotions. We draw on complexity and configuration theories, present a conceptual model along with propositions and perform a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Through an empirically study with 582 SNSs users, we present eight combinations (configurations) of motivations and emotions that lead to high satisfaction, which highlight the role of high convenience, followed by entertainment and information motivations in being satisfied with SNSs. High satisfaction can be achieved both when positive and negative emotions are high and low, depending on how they combine users’ motivations. None of the factors are indispensable to explain high satisfaction on their own, instead they are insufficient but necessary parts of the causal combinations that explain high satisfaction. This study contributes in SNSs literature by extending current knowledge on how motivations and emotions combine to increase satisfaction, and by identifying specific patterns of users for whom these factors are important and influence greatly their satisfaction.

• Berg, Vebjørn; Birkeland, Jørgen; Nguyen Duc, Anh; Pappas, Ilias & Jaccheri, Maria Letizia (2020). Achieving agility and quality in product development -an empirical study of hardware startups. Journal of Systems and Software. ISSN 0164-1212. 167. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.110599. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Context: Startups aim at scaling their business, often by developing innovative products with limited human and financial resources. The development of software products in the startup context is known as opportunistic, agility-driven, and with high tolerance for technical debt. The special context of hardware startups calls for a better understanding of state-of-the-practice of hardware startups’ activities. Objective: This study aimed to identify whether and how startups can achieve product quality while maintaining focus on agility. Method: We conducted an exploratory study with 13 hardware startups, collecting data through semi-structured interviews and analysis of documentation. We proposed an integrative model of agility and quality in hardware startups. Results: Agility in hardware startups is complex and not achieved through adoption of fast-paced development practices alone. Hardware startups follow a quality-driven approach for development of core components, where frequent user testing is a measure for early debt management. Hardware startups often lack mindset and strategies for achieving long-term quality in early stages. Conclusions: Hardware startups need attention to hardware quality to allow for evolutionary prototyping and speed. Future research should focus on defining quality-driven practices that contribute to agility, and strategies and mindsets to support long-term quality in the hardware startup context.

• Opland, Leif Erik; Jaccheri, Maria Letizia; Engesmo, Jostein & Pappas, Ilias (2020). Toward Employee-Driven Digital Innovation in Public Organizations Through the Use of Action Design Research. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12067 LNCS, p. 39–45. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Innovation is important for development in the private sector, but inevitably public sector also needs innovation to enhance services and processes, with research on employee-driven digital innovation in public organizations being limited. We propose a study in a public organization based on action design research (ADR) methodology to enhance theoretical knowledge and develop practice in relation to employee-driven digital innovation. This research-in-progress study follows the divided stages of ADR, where the stage of problem formulation is to be conducted through semi-structured interviews. Findings from stage 1 will provide knowledge about the phenomenon with a public organization as a context and make up the problem definition within ADR. The stage of building, interventions and evaluation is to be conducted with interventions in focus groups where we will investigate how to increase adoption of employee-driven digital innovation and how introducing digital tools can support employee-driven digital innovation as an innovation practice. The study aims to contribute by creating general solution concepts about employee-driven digital innovation.

• Karki, Yashoda & Pappas, Ilias (2020). Investigating Aid Effectiveness in Developing Countries : The Case of Nepal. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12067, p. 338–344. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_29. Full text in Research Archive
• Pappas, Ilias; Sharma, Kshitij; Mikalef, Patrick & Giannakos, Michail (2020). How Quickly Can We Predict Users’ Ratings on Aesthetic Evaluations of Websites? Employing Machine Learning on Eye-Tracking Data. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12067, p. 429–440. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_37. Full text in Research Archive
• Giannakos, Michail; Sharma, Kshitij; Papavlasopoulou, Sofia; Pappas, Ilias & Kostakos, Vassilis (2020). Fitbit for learning: Towards capturing the learning experience using wearable sensing. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. ISSN 1071-5819. 136. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.102384. Full text in Research Archive
• Pappas, Ilias & Papavlasopoulou, Sofia (2019). Experience, motivations and confirmation of expectations in SNS satisfaction. In Rodriguez-Abitia, Guillermo & Ferran, Carlos (Ed.), MCIS 2019 PROCEEDINGS. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-0-9966831-8-0.
• Lunde, Trygve Åse; Sjusdal, Atilla & Pappas, Ilias (2019). Organizational Culture Challenges of Adopting Big Data: A Systematic Literature Review. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 11701 LNCS, p. 164–176. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-29374-1_14. Full text in Research Archive
• Błachnio, Agata; Przepiorka, Aneta; Gorbaniuk, Oleg; Benvenuti, Martina; Ciobanu, Adela Magdalena & Senol-Durak, Emre [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2019). Cultural correlates of internet addiction. CyberPsychology, Behavior and Social Networking. ISSN 2152-2715. 22(4), p. 258–263. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2018.0667. Full text in Research Archive
• Sharma, Kshitij; Pappas, Ilias; Papavlasopoulou, Sofia & Giannakos, Michail (2019). Towards Automatic and Pervasive Physiological Sensing of Collaborative Learning, A Wide Lens: Combining Embodied, Enactive, Extended, and Embedded Learning in Collaborative Settings. 13th International Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) 2019, Volume 2.. International Society of the Learning Sciences (ISLS). ISSN 978-1-7324672-4-8. p. 684–687. Full text in Research Archive
• Mikalef, Patrick; Pappas, Ilias; Krogstie, John & Pavlou, Paul (2019). Big data and business analytics: A research agenda for realizing business value. Information & Management. ISSN 0378-7206. 57(1). doi: 10.1016/j.im.2019.103237. Full text in Research Archive
• Giannakos, Michail; Mikalef, Patrick & Pappas, Ilias (2019). Technology-Enhanced Organizational Learning: A Systematic Literature Review. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 11701 LNCS, p. 573–584. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-29374-1_46. Full text in Research Archive
• Quayyum, Farzana; Pappas, Ilias & Jaccheri, Maria Letizia (2019). The Role of Big Data in Addressing Societal Challenges: A Systematic Mapping Study. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 11701 LNCS, p. 151–163. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-29374-1_13. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Big data has recently become the focus of academic and corporate investigation due to its high potential in generating business and social value. We have done a systematic mapping of the literature related to big data and its applications leading to social change through the lens of social innovation. The search strategy initially resulted in 593 papers, and after applying inclusion exclusion criteria a total of 156 papers were mapped; 59% of which were identified as empirical studies. This mapping investigated the publication frequency of the studies, research approach and contributions, research areas and article distribution per journal. We also address some challenges found from the mapping associated with the research topic. This mapping study will offer the basis for a reflection process among the researchers in this field and will allow us to develop a research agenda and roadmap of big data and its applications leading to social change.

• Mikalef, Patrick; Krogstie, John; Pappas, Ilias & Pavlou, Paul (2019). Exploring the relationship between big data analytics capability and competitive performance: The mediating roles of dynamic and operational capabilities. Information & Management. ISSN 0378-7206. 57(2), p. 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.im.2019.05.004. Full text in Research Archive
• Giannakos, Michail; Sharma, Kshitij; Pappas, Ilias; Kostakos, Vassilis & Velloso, Eduardo (2019). Multimodal data as a means to understand the learning experience. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. 48, p. 108–119. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.02.003. Full text in Research Archive
• Pappas, Ilias; Mikalef, Patrick; Giannakos, Michail & Kourouthanassis, Panos (2019). Explaining User Experience in Mobile Gaming Applications: An fsQCA Approach. Internet Research. ISSN 1066-2243. p. 293–314. doi: 10.1108/IntR-12-2017-0479. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose In the complex ecosystem of mobile applications multiple factors have been used to explain users’ behavior, without though focusing on how different combinations of variables may affect user behavior. The purpose of this paper is to show how price value, game content quality, positive and negative emotions, gender and gameplay time interact with each other to predict high intention to download mobile games. Design/methodology/approach Building on complexity theory, the authors present a conceptual model followed by research propositions. The propositions are empirically validated through configurational analysis, employing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) on 531 active users of mobile games. Findings Findings identify ten solutions that explain high intention to download mobile games. Alternative paths are identified depending on the gender and the time users spend playing mobiles games. The authors highlight the role of price value and game content quality, as well as that of positive emotions, which are always core factors when present. Originality/value To identify complex interactions among the variables of interest, fsQCA is employed, differentiating from traditional studies using variance-based methods, leading to multiple solutions explaining the same outcome. None of the variables explains the intention to download on its own, but only when they combine with each other. The authors extend existing knowledge on how price value, game content quality, emotions, gender and gameplay time combine to lead to high intention to download mobile games; and present a methodology for how to bridge complexity theory with fsQCA, improving our understanding of intention to adopt mobile applications.

• Mikalef, Patrick; Krogstie, John; van de wetering, Rogier & Pappas, Ilias (2018). Information Governance in the Big Data Era: Aligning Organizational Capabilities. In Bui, Tung (Eds.), Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2018 (HICSS-51). Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-0-9981331-1-9. p. 4911–4920. doi: 10.24251/hicss.2018.615. Full text in Research Archive
• Mikalef, Patrick; Krogstie, John; van de wetering, Rogier & Pappas, Ilias (2018). A stage model for uncovering inertia in big data analytics adoption. In Tanabu, Motonari & Senoo, Dai (Ed.), PACIS 2018 Proceedings - Opportunities and Challenges for the Digitized Society: Are We Ready? : Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2018) . Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-4-902590-83-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Giannakos, Michail; Mikalef, Patrick & Pappas, Ilias (2018). Influence of Data Analysis, Entrepreneurial and Business Skills on Information Technology Firms: A Dynamic Capabilities Approach. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. p. 4329–4338. doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2018.546. Full text in Research Archive
• Pappas, Ilias; Mikalef, Patrick; Giannakos, Michail; Krogstie, John & Lekakos, George (2018). Big Data and Business Analytics Ecosystems: Paving the way towards digital transformation and sustainable societies. Information Systems and E-Business Management. ISSN 1617-9846. 16(3), p. 479–491. doi: 10.1007/s10257-018-0377-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Berg, Vebjørn; Birkeland, Jørgen; Pappas, Ilias & Jaccheri, Maria Letizia (2018). The role of data analytics in startup companies: Exploring challenges and barriers. In Al-Sharhan, Salah A.; Simintiras, Antonis; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Janssen, Marijn; Mäntymäki, Matti; Tahat, Luay; Moughrabi, Issam; Ali, Taher M. & Rana, Nripendra P. (Ed.), 17th IFIP WG 6.11 Conference on e-Business, e-Services, and e-Society, I3E 2018 Proceedings. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-02131-3. p. 205–216. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-02131-3_19. Full text in Research Archive
• Papamitsiou, Zacharoula; Economides, Anastasios; Pappas, Ilias & Giannakos, Michail (2018). Explaining learning performance using response-time, self-regulation and satisfaction from content: an fsQCA approach. In Pardo, Abelardo; Bartimote-Aufflick, Kathryn & Lynch, Grace (Ed.), LAK '18 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 978-1-4503-6400-3. p. 181–190. doi: 10.1145/3170358.3170397. Full text in Research Archive
• Mikalef, Patrick; Giannakos, Michail; Pappas, Ilias & Krogstie, John (2018). The human side of big data: Understanding the skills of the data scientist in education and industry . IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON. ISSN 2165-9559. 2018-April, p. 503–512. doi: 10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363273. Full text in Research Archive

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• Papagiannidis, Savvas; Alamanos, Eleftherios; Gupta, Suraksha; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Mäntymäki, Matti & Pappas, Ilias (2022). The Role of Digital Technologies in Shaping the Post-Pandemic World: 21st IFIP WG 6.11 Conference on e-business, e-services, e-society. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-031-15341-9. 750 p.
• Dennehy, Denis; Griva, Anastasia; Pouloudi, Nancy; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Pappas, Ilias & Mäntymäki, Matti (2021). Responsible AI and Analytics for an Ethical and Inclusive Digitized Society. Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 978-3-030-85447-8. 788 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Hattingh, Marié; Matthee, Machdel; Smuts, Hanlie; Pappas, Ilias; Dwivedi, Yogesh K. & Mäntymäki, Matti (2020). Responsible Design, Implementation and Use of Information and Communication Technology (Part II). Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-45002-1.
• Hattingh, Marié; Matthee, Machdel; Smuts, Hanlie; Pappas, Ilias; Dwivedi, Yogesh K. & Mäntymäki, Matti (2020). Responsible Design, Implementation and Use of Information and Communication Technology (Part I). Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-44999-5.
• Pappas, Ilias; Mikalef, Patrick; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Jaccheri, Maria Letizia; Krogstie, John & Mäntymäki, M (2020). Digital Transformation for a Sustainable Society in the 21st Century: I3E 2019 IFIP WG 6.11 International Workshops Trondheim, Norway, September 18–20, 2019 Revised Selected Papers. Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-39633-6. 573(1). 177 p.
• Pappas, Ilias; Mikalef, Patrick; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Jaccheri, Maria Letizia; Krogstie, John & Mäntymäki, Matti (2019). Digital Transformation for a Sustainable Society in the 21st Century. 18th IFIP WG 6.11 Conference on e-Business, e-Services, and e-Society, I3E 2019, Trondheim, Norway, September 18–20, 2019, Proceedings. Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 978-3-030-29374-1. 11701(1). 811 p.

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• Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Jeyaraj, Anand; Hughes, Laurie; Davies, Gareth H.; Ahuja, Manju & Albashrawi, Mousa Ahmed [Show all 90 contributors for this article] (2024). “Real impact”: Challenges and opportunities in bridging the gap between research and practice – Making a difference in industry, policy, and society. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102750.
• Charles, Vincent; Rana, Nripendra P.; Pappas, Ilias; Kamphaug, Morten; Siau, Keng & Engø-Monsen, Kenth (2023). The Next ‘Deep’ Thing in X to Z Marketing: An Artificial Intelligence-Driven Approach. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-023-10462-x.
• Akbarighatar, Pouria; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). Justice as Fairness: a hierarchical framework of Responsible AI principles.
• Schmager, Stefan; Pappas, Ilias & Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). Defining Human-Centered AI: a Comprehensive Review of HCAI Literature.
• Spanaki, Konstantina; Zamani, Efpraxia D.; Jayawickrama, Uchitha; Olan, Femi; Liu, Shaofeng & Pappas, Ilias (2023). Information Management in Times of Crisis: the Role of Mindfulness and Digital Resilience for Individuals and Organisations. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-023-10419-0.
• Pappas, Ilias; Mikalef, Patrik; Yogesh K., Dwivedi; Jaccheri, Maria Letizia & Krogstie, John (2023). Responsible Digital Transformation for a Sustainable Society. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. 25, p. 945–953. doi: 10.1007/s10796-023-10406-5. Show summary

  In the ever-evolving area of digital transformation, following responsible and sustainable practices is essential. This editorial article discusses the importance of responsible digital transformation, emphasizing the need for academia, private and public organizations, civil society, and individuals to work together in developing digital business models that generate shared value while addressing societal challenges. The article highlights the emergence of corporate digital responsibility (CDR) and the shift from industry 4.0 to industry 5.0, which focuses on human-centric approaches and human-AI partnerships. Furthermore, it underscores the need for interdisciplinary research and systematic approaches encompassing various dimensions of sustainability. By integrating sustainable ICT principles into digital transformation initiatives, organizations can contribute to a more sustainable and responsible digital future. The suggestions in this paper, coupled with the nice research contributions included in the special issue, seek to offer a broader foundation to support responsible digital transformations for sustainable societies.

• Rana, Nripendra P.; Kar, Arpan Kumar; Gupta, Manish; Pappas, Ilias & Papadopoulos, Thanos (2023). Unravelling the dark side of sharing economy – Managing and sustaining B2B relationships on digital platforms. Industrial Marketing Management. ISSN 0019-8501. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.06.002.
• Dennehy, Denis; Griva, Anastasia; Pouloudi, Nancy; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Mäntymäki, Matti & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Information Systems: Perspectives to Responsible AI. Information Systems Frontiers. ISSN 1387-3326. doi: 10.1007/s10796-022-10365-3.
• Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Ansvarlig AI - Responsible AI.
• Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Human Centred AI in public service provision.
• Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Human Centred AI: Human-AI Partnerships for the Public Interest .
• Griva, Anastasia; Dennehy, Denis; Pappas, Ilias; Mäntymäki, Matti; Pouloudi, Nancy & Dwivedi, Yogesh K [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Artificial intelligence and analytics in practice. Journal of Decision Systems (JDS). ISSN 1246-0125. doi: 10.1080/12460125.2022.2122218.
• Dennehy, Denis; Griva, Anastasia; Pouloudi, Nancy; Mäntymäki, Matti & Pappas, Ilias (2022). Artificial intelligence for decision-making and the future of work. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102574.
• Dennehy, Denis; Griva, Anastasia; Pouloudi, Nancy; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Pappas, Ilias & Mäntymäki, Matti (2021). Preface. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12896, p. v–ix.
• Mikalef, Patrick; Pappas, Ilias; Krogstie, John; Jaccheri, Maria Letizia & Rana, Nripendra P. (2021). Editors’ reflections and introduction to the special section on ‘Artificial Intelligence and Business Value’. International Journal of Information Management. ISSN 0268-4012. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102313.

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