Hans Inge Sævareid

• Tomstad, Solveig Thorbjørnsen; Sundsli, Kari; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Söderhamn, Ulrika (2024). Social Contact and Belonging Among Older People Receiving Home Care Nursing. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. ISSN 1178-2390. 17, s. 1189–1198. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S452081.
• Gerstner, Thorsten Alfons; Sævareid, Hans Inge; Johnsen, Åse Ribe; Løhaugen, Gro & Skranes, Jon Sverre (2023). Sleep disturbances in Norwegian children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) with and without a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or epilepsy. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. ISSN 0145-6008. 47(3), s. 589–599. doi: 10.1111/acer.15009. Vis sammendrag

  Background Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) describes a combination of developmental, cognitive, and behavioral disabilities in children with prenatal exposure to alcohol. The literature suggests that there are higher rates of sleep disturbances in these children. Few studies have investigated sleep disturbances in relation to common comorbidities of FASD. We examined the prevalence of disturbed sleep and the relationship between parent-reported sleep problems in different FASD subgroups and comorbidities like epilepsy or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and impact on clinical functioning. Methods In this prospective cross-sectional survey, caregivers of 53 children with FASD completed the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). Information about comorbidities was collected, and EEG and assessment of IQ, daily-life executive and adaptive functioning were performed. Group comparisons and ANCOVA interaction models were used to test the associations between different sleep disturbances and clinical factors that could interfere with sleep. Results An abnormal sleep score on the SDSC was very common, affecting 79% of children (n = 42) with equal prevalence in all FASD subgroups. Difficulty falling asleep was the most common sleep problem, followed by difficulty staying asleep and waking early. The incidence of epilepsy was 9.4%, with an abnormal EEG seen in 24.5%, and a diagnosis of ADHD in 47.2% of children. The distribution of these conditions was equal in all FASD subgroups. Children with signs of sleep disturbance had poorer working memory, executive function, and adaptive functioning. Children with ADHD had a greater prevalence of sleep disturbance than those without ADHD (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.79). Conclusion Problems with sleep are very common in FASD children and seem independent of FASD subgroup and the presence of epilepsy or a pathological EEG finding, while those with ADHD had more sleep problems. The study underscores the importance of screening for sleep disturbances in all children with FASD as these problems may be treatable.

• Tomstad, Solveig Thorbjørnsen; Sundsli, Kari; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Söderhamn, Ulrika (2021). Loneliness Among Older Home-Dwelling Persons: A Challenge for Home Care Nurses. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. ISSN 1178-2390. 14, s. 435–445. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S298548. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2020). Om "menneskearbeid" og "ekspertarbeid" i veiledning. Til den andres beste. En bok om veiledningens etikk. 2. utgave. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 978-82-05-53395-0.
• Krøger, Elsebeth; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Slettebø, Åshild (2017). Facilitating nursing students’ acquisition of knowledge about the public health perspective in nursing: Experiences from a pilot project. Nordic journal of nursing research. ISSN 2057-1585. 38(2), s. 77–86. doi: 10.1177/2057158517713378.
• Tomstad, Solveig Thorbjørnsen; Dale, Bjørg; Sundsli, Kari; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Söderhamn, Ulrika (2017). Who often feels lonely? A cross-sectional study about loneliness and its related factors among older home-dwelling people. International Journal of Older People Nursing. ISSN 1748-3735. 12(4). doi: 10.1111/opn.12162. Vis sammendrag

  Aim and objectives: To investigate the prevalence of individuals who often feel lonely among a sample of Norwegian older home-dwelling people aged ≥65 years old, as well as to identify any possible factors explaining their loneliness. Background: Loneliness is known to be common among older people. To identify those older adults who are lonely, and to acquire knowledge about the complexity of their loneliness, is important to provide them with adequate help and support. Design: This study employed a cross-sectional design. Method: A questionnaire was mailed to a randomised sample of 6,033 older home-dwelling persons aged ≥65 years. A total of 2,052 persons returned the questionnaire and were included in the study. The questionnaire consisted of questions asking whether the subjects often felt lonely or not, as well as health-related and background questions and instruments to measure the participants’ sense of coherence, mental problems, nutritional screening and self-care ability. The data were analysed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Results: A total of 11.6% of the participants reported often feeling lonely. Six factors emerged to be independently associated with often feeling lonely among the respondents: Living alone, not being satisfied with life, having mental problems, a weak sense of coherence, not having contact with neighbours and being at risk for undernutrition. Conclusions: The study shows that often feeling lonely among older home-dwelling persons is a health-related problem that includes social, psychological and physical aspects. Moreover, these persons have limited resources to overcome feelings of loneliness. Implications for practice: Lasting loneliness among older home-dwelling persons requires an overall, person-centred and time-consuming approach by nurses. Nurses with advanced knowledge on geriatric nursing may be required to offer appropriate care and support. Healthcare leaders and politicians should offer possibilities for adequate assessment, support and help.

• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2014). Samarbeid som skranter, Samarbeidets filosofi. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 9788205461215. s. 59–75.
• Dale, Bjørg; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Söderhamn, Olle (2013). Testing reliability and validity of Lorensen’s Self-care Capability Scale (LSCS) among older home-living, care-dependent individuals in Norway. International Journal of Older People Nursing. ISSN 1748-3735. 8, s. 166–173. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2012.00339.x.
• Dale, Bjørg; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Söderhamn, Olle (2012). Testing the reliability and the validity of Lorensen’s Self-care Capability Scale (LSCS) among older home-living, care-dependent individuals in Norway. International Journal of Older People Nursing. ISSN 1748-3735. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2012.00339.x. Vis sammendrag

  Background: The assessment of self-care capability among older home-living people is essential for maintaining independence as long as possible in this group, and instruments covering several aspects of the self-care concept should be used. Aim: The aim of this study was to test reliability and validity of Lorensen’s Self-care Capability Scale (LSCS), based on Orem’s theories of self-care. Methods: A group of 242 home nursing patients, 75+ years of age and living in their own homes, constituted the study sample. Data were registered by the responsible home nurses. In addition to the LSCS, Barthel’s ADL Index was used to evaluate help dependency. Perceived subjective health and demographic characteristics were recorded. Reliability and validity were calculated using Spearman’s rank correlations, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and Mann–Whitney U-test. Factor analysis was performed using the principal components analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization. Results: Reliability of the LSCS was supported by a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.97, as a measure of homogeneity, and all items were found to be homogenous with the total scale in the item–total correlations, ranging from 0.33 to 0.79. Regarding validity, the six factors extracted in the factor analysis explained 69.8% of the variance in the group. The extracted factors supported the underlying theoretical assumptions. Construct validity was supported by significant differences in median scores between groups with expected low and expected high LSCS scores, respectively. Concurrent validity was established by a correlation coefficient at rs = 0.75 for the LSCS and the Barthel’s ADL Index. Conclusion: This study has shown that the LSCS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing self-care capability in home-living older people, and the instrument provides an accurate means to assess the self-care demands and resources in this group.

• Thygesen, Elin; Fensli, Marthe M. Fosse; Skaar, Ragnhild; Sævareid, Hans Inge; Li, Yan & Fensli, Rune Werner (2011). User requirements for a personalized electronic community for elderly people with risk of marginalization. I Fensli, Rune Werner & Dale, Jan Gunnar (Red.), SHI2011 proceedings : 9th Scandinavian Conference on Health Informatics, Oslo, Norway, August 30, 2011. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 978-82-519-2820-5. s. 50–54. Vis sammendrag

  The growth of the elderly population represents a great challenge for the health care sectors in most countries. Therefore, community care policy emphasizes the importance of "aging in place". Additionally, increasing attention is given to the role of ICT as a potential to improve the health care services and increasing quality of life for older people. In this paper, we are analysing the use of a personalized electronic community as a key factor to support independent living for elderly people at risk of marginalization, and focusing on important user requirements for a web-based personalized community, intended to be used for sharing information and maintain close contact, help and care for elderly people

• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2011). Kvalitet i helsevesenet. I Aasland, Dag Gjerløw; Eide, Solveig Botnen; Grelland, Hans; Kristiansen, Aslaug & Sævareid, Hans Inge (Red.), Kvalitet og kvalitetsopplevelse : en bok om kvalitet i arbeid med mennesker. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245010916. s. 48–62.
• Aasland, Dag Gjerløw & Sævareid, Hans Inge (2011). Et idéhistorisk tilbakeblikk, Fordi vi er mennesker: En bok om samarbeidets etikk. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245010039. s. 19–32.
• Dale, Bjørg; Sævareid, Hans Inge; Kirkevold, Marit & Söderhamn, Olle (2011). Older home-living patients’ perceptions of received home nursing and family care. Nordisk sygeplejeforskning. ISSN 1892-2678. 1(3), s. 219–234. Vis sammendrag

  Studies focusing on older patients’ perceptions of the nursing care, and their experiences related to receiving family care, are sparse. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe how older home nursing patients perceived the care they received from both the home nurses and their family. Structured interviews were used to collect data among 242 persons aged 75+ years who received home nursing, and 193 persons receiving family care. Perceptions about the amount and the quality of nursing care were investigated. Dependency, relationship and safety were focused in the questions about the family care. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, the chi-square test, Spearman’s rho and stepwise multiple regression were used in the analyses. The level of satisfaction with the home nursing was high. Nevertheless, areas of improvement were identified: a lack of continuity in the care, the nurses’ shortage of time, and a lack of information and communication. The majority of the study group was comfortable with receiving family care, and did not perceive their care providers as worn out. More than half of the group was not confident that their family could extend their help if needed. Key words: caregivers, next of kin, older people, patient satisfaction

• Sævareid, Hans Inge; Thygesen, Elin; Lindström, Torill Christine & Nygaard, Harald A. (2010). Association between self-reported care needs and the allocation of care in norwegian home nursing care recipients. International Journal of Older People Nursing. ISSN 1748-3735. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2010.00247.x. Vis sammendrag

  Objectives.  This study investigated the relationship between patients’ self-reported illness, daily afflictions, and the frequency of home nursing care, and whether patients’ coping resources influenced the allocation of care. Design, sample and measurements.  A cross-sectional survey was adopted. Two hundred and forty-two people aged 75 years and above receiving home nursing care participated in the study. Binary logistic regression model was used to test the effects of the independent variables on home nursing care. Results.  Poor capacity to perform activities of daily living and high level of education were directly associated with a high frequency of home nursing care. Lack of perceived social support affected the amount of home nursing care allocated only when feelings of loneliness were connected with poor activities of daily living functioning. Interaction effects revealed that perceived social support influenced the amount of home nursing care in persons with higher education, in persons with low education, no such association were found. No associations were found between coping resources and home nursing care. Conclusions.  Impaired capacity to perform activities of daily living was the main reason for care allocation. Education was associated with more formal care. Patients with low perceived social support combined with a low education level was a particularly vulnerable group.

• Dale, Bjørg; Sævareid, Hans Inge; Kirkevold, Marit & Söderhamn, Sven Olle Mårten (2010). Older home nursing patients' perception of social provisions and received care. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. ISSN 0283-9318. 24(3), s. 523–532. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2009.00744.x. Vis sammendrag

  Social loneliness and isolation may be some of the consequences that older people experience regarding age-related changes and losses, and nurses should be engaged in identifying social networks and social needs in this group. The aims of this study were to describe perceived social provisions in a group of older home-dwelling care-dependent patients, and to explore the relationship between perceived social provisions, physical functioning, mental state and reception of formal and informal care. The sample consisted of 242 persons aged 75+ years from seven municipalities in southern Norway, all receiving home nursing. Data were collected by means of structured interviews. Social support was assessed using the revised Social Provisions Scale. Physical functioning was assessed using the Barthel Index, and mental state using questions about loneliness, depressive symptoms and anxiety. Types and frequencies of social network contacts and formal and informal care were registered. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-tests, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and stepwise multiple regression were used in the analyses. In general, the level of perceived social provisions and togetherness in the study group was high, especially among women and the married. Decreased physical functioning and declined mental state were related to lower level of social provisions. The majority of the individuals had frequently contacts with several types of social networks, like friends, neighbours and religious communities, in addition to close family. Contact with these informal networks was found to be close related to perceived social support and togetherness. Reduced social provisions was related to increased amount of home nursing, which could indicate that demand for home care may work as a strategy to gain social contact. In this sense, dependence in daily life functioning could possibly contribute to social contact rather than reduce it.

• Norekvål, Tone Merete; Fridlund, Bengt; Moons, Philip; Nordrehaug, Jan Erik; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Wentzel-Larsen, Tore [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Sense of coherence-a determinant of quality of life over time in older female acute myocardial infarction survivors. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. 19(5-6), s. 820–831. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02858.x. Vis sammendrag

  These specific factors could guide clinicians in making treatment decisions that optimize the quality of life of their patients. Applying a salutogenic perspective through patient education may be important.

• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2009). Om "menneskearbejde" og "ekspertarbejde" i vejledning (Oversatt fra norsk bok), Til den andens bedste Til den andens bedste. Om vejledningens etik. ISSN 9788777065538. s. 49–66.
• Thygesen, Elin; Sævareid, Hans Inge; Lindstrøm, Torill Christine; Nygaard, Harald A & Engedal, K (2009). Predicting needs for nursing home admission - does sense of coherence delay nursing home admission in care dependent older people? A longitudinal study. International Journal of Older People Nursing. ISSN 1748-3735. 4, s. 12–21. Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: This study examined predisposing, enabling, and need variables (Andersen?s Behavioral Model) influencing the need for nursing home admission in older people receiving home nursing care. In particular, the potential role of coping ability, measured as ?Sense of Coherence?, was studied. Design, sample, and measurements: A survey with baseline- and follow-up data after a 2-year period was undertaken with 208 patients aged 75+. The measures used were: gender, education, age, social visits, Sense of Coherence, Social Provision Scale, Self-Rated Health, General Health Questionnaire, Clinical Dementia Rating, Barthel ADL Index, and registered illnesses. A Cox proportional model was used to examine factors that could explain risk of nursing home admission. Results: Measures with predictive properties were Barthel ADL index, Social Provision Scale, Self-Rated Health, and gender. Sense of Coherence, along with Subjective Health Complaints, General Health Questionnaire, registered illnesses, and social visits did not predict nursing home admission. Conclusions: It is concluded that the patients? subjective evaluations of both their health and perceived social support were important predictors of future nursing home admission needs, and should be seriously taken into consideration, along with the more commonly used objective measures of activities of daily living (ADL) and Clinical Dementia Rating.

• Thygesen, Elin; Sævareid, Hans Inge; Lindstrøm, Torill Christine & Engedal, Knut (2009). Psychological distress and its correlates in older care-dependent persons living at home. Aging & Mental Health. ISSN 1360-7863. 13(3), s. 319–327. Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: This study examined psychological distress in older people receiving home nursing care. The influence of risk factors and personal resources on their perceived psychological distress was also examined. Method: A linear regression analysis was applied in a cross-sectional sample of 214 patients aged 75 years and older. Psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The independent variables were sex, education, age, living arrangement, household composition, reported illnesses, Barthel ADL Index, self-rated health, Subjective Health Complaints, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, Sense of Coherence and Revised Social Provision Scale. Results: Of the 214 participants, 23 (10.7%) reported experiencing psychological distress using a cutoff point of 4 or more on a GHQ case score. Sense of coherence, education and subjective health complaints were the only factors that were significantly related to psychological distress in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The general level of psychological distress was low. Low psychological distress was related to an inner strength conceptualized as sense of coherence. Commonly reported risk factors such as sex, household composition and perceived social support, and objective measures of somatic and mental health and bodily dysfunctions were not related to psychological distress. Suggested reasons for this are greater acceptance of bodily and functional shortcomings and of changes related to goal achievement in old age, according to the model of selective optimization with compensation.

• Thygesen, Elin; Lindstrøm, Torill Christine; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Engedal, Knut (2009). The Subjective Health Complaints Inventory: A useful instrument to identify various aspects of health and ability to cope in older people? Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 37(7), s. 690–696. Vis sammendrag

  Aims: The aims were to investigate the factor structure of the Subjective Health Complaints Inventory (SHC) in a population of 75 years and above and to identify whether somatic, psychosocial, and coping factors were associated with the SHC factors. Methods: Data from 242 elderly persons were analyzed. The measures were: the SHC Inventory, Sense of Coherence, Social Provision Scale, Self-Rated Health, General Health Questionnaire, Clinical Dementia Rating, Reported Illness, Barthel ADL Index, sex, age, and education. Results: The factor analysis resulted in four subgroups: musculoskeletal pain (15% of variance), gastrointestinal problems (12% of variance), respiratory/allergy complaints (11% of variance), and pseudoneurology (11% of variance). The occurrence of complaints was 76% for musculoskeletal complaints, 51% for gastrointestinal complaints, 30% for flu, 43% for allergy, and 93% for pseudoneurology. Self-rated health and reported illness were significantly associated with musculoskeletal complaints (15% of variance), impairment in activities of daily living (ADL) with gastrointestinal complaints (3% of variance), and finally sense of coherence, self-rated health, and psychological distress were associated with pseudoneurology (32% of variance). No variables were associated with respiratory/allergy complaints. Conclusions: This study supports the stability of the SHC's factor structure. The low occurrence of health complaints could possibly be due to survival effects, or that old people to a greater extent than younger people compare themselves with aged peers. The subscales focusing on somatic symptoms were explained by reported illnesses and functional impairments to a limited degree only. The pseudoneurology subscale score was associated with psychological measures, particularly ability to cope.

• Dale, Bjørg; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Söderhamn, Olle (2009). Testing and using Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire: Mental health in relation to home nursing, home help, and family care among older, care-dependent individuals. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. ISSN 1445-8330. 18(2), s. 133–143. Vis sammendrag

  The aims of this study were to test the Norwegian version of Goldberg's 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) in a group of older, care-dependent individuals living at home; to describe self-reported mental health; and to relate mental health to receiving home nursing, home help, and family care. A sample of 234 home nursing patients in Norway aged 75 years and older was interviewed. Mental state was assessed using the GHQ-30. Reliability and validity were calculated with Spearman's rank correlations, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and Mann-Whitney U-test. The factor analysis was performed using the principal components analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization. Demographic characteristics and amounts of formal and family care were recorded, and descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression were used in the analyses. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the GHQ was 0.92. The item-total correlations were generally acceptable. For items concerning depression and anxiety, the item-total correlations ranged from r(s)= 0.60 to 0.77. The factors extracted in the factor analysis explained 70% of the variance in the group. Females < 85 years of age living in urban areas were associated with reduced mental health. There were no associations between general mental health and the amounts of formal and family care provided.

• Norekvål, Tone Merete; Fridlund, Bengt; Moons, Philip; Nordrehaug, Jan Erik; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Wentzel-Larsen, Tore [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Sense of coherence—a determinant of quality of life over time in older female acute myocardial infarction survivors. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067.
• Dale, Bjørg; Sævareid, Hans Inge; Kirkevold, Marit & Söderhamn, Olle (2008). Formal and informal care in relation to activities of daily living and self-perceived health among older care-dependent individuals in Norway. International Journal of Older People Nursing. ISSN 1748-3735. 3(3), s. 194–203. Vis sammendrag

  Background. Research about formal care of older home-living people in the Nordic countries is comprehensive, while research on informal care has been less inclusive. Aim: To describe self-reported activities of daily living and perceived health, and relate them to amount and types of formal and informal care received by a group of care-dependent, home-living older individuals in Norway. Design and methods. A sample consisted of 242 persons aged 75+ years receiving home nursing services. Data were collected by means of structured interviews with questions about activities of daily living (ADL), amount and types of formal and informal care and demographic variables. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U-test and stepwise multiple regression were used in the analyses. Findings. ADL dependency was the only predictor for explaining quantity of home nursing received. Those who received a generous amount of formal care also received a lot of care and support from informal networks. The type of care from the two sources differed. The home nurses performed PADL-tasks. While the informal caregivers offered help with IADL-tasks. Conclusion. This study of receiving help in this group of older people in Norway shows that formal and informal care resources complement each other.

• Sævareid, Hans Inge; Thygesen, Elin; Nygaard, Harald A & Lindstrøm, Torill Christine (2007). Does sense of coherence affect the relationship between self-rated health and health status in a sample of community-dwelling frail elderly people? Aging & Mental Health. ISSN 1360-7863. 11(6), s. 658–667. Vis sammendrag

  Background: The objective of this study was to examine the association between self-rated health (SRH) and physical, functional, social and mental health measures in community dwelling elderly people needing nursing care. Of special interest was how coping resources (SOC) influenced this relationship. Self-rated health is a good predictor of future health status as measured by mortality and morbidity, decline of functional abilities, use of healthcare, and nursing home placement. The high mean age and the relatively high level of care-dependency in this sample, make this investigation important. Methods: A hierarchical regression analysis was applied in a cross sectional sample of 242 elderly (mean age 84.6 years). Results: Subjective health complaints (SHC) in both sexes, and psychological distress (only in men), was associated directly with SRH. Coping resources associated with SRH directly, and indirectly through subjective perceived health (SHC and GHQ) but only in men. The influence of registered illness was mediated through the effects of subjectively perceived health in both women and men. Sex differences moderated the effects of SOC on SRH. Conclusion: Subjectively perceived health was more important in the perception of SRH than objective health measures. Men, in contrast to women, tend to convert physical illness into emotional distress.

• Sævareid, Hans Inge; Thygesen, Elin; Nygaard, Harald & Lindstrøm, Torill Christine (2007). Does sense of coherence affect the relationship between self-rated health and health status in a sample of community-dwelling frail elderly people? Aging & Mental Health. ISSN 1360-7863. 11(6), s. 658–667. doi: 10.1080/13607860701368513.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2006). New approaches on community care for the elderly Results from the CARMA project Bokens tittel: The Many Faces of Being Old. Health and Socio-cultural Aspects of Ageing, ed. Micha³ Musielak, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Medycznej im. Karola Macinkowskiego, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznañ 2006, The many faces of being old. health and socio-cultural aspects of ageing. Michal Musielak (Ed). Faculty of Health Sciences (Poznan University of Medical Sciences). Vis sammendrag

  This chapter presents results from the study ?Coping Skills and Resources of the Aged?, one of several work-packages of the CARMA project. This study was a longitudinal and comparative sample survey, based on personal interviews among 356 home living elderly in Austria, Italy and Norway. All respondents were in need of home nursing care. As a part of this project, a focus-group interview among community care nurses and social carers in the same countries was performed. The purpose of this interview was to identify practitioner?s opinions on coping resources and coping skills in home living elderly in need of nursing care, and the results will be presented in this chapter.

• Nilsen, Arild & Sævareid, Hans Inge (2005). (Anmeldelse) Religiøst liv blandt de eldste eldre på Sørlandet, Forum for eldreomsorg. Årbok 2005. Nytt aktuelt fagstoff om eldreomsorg på Agder. Universitetet i Agder. s. 27–29. Vis sammendrag

  En anmeldelse av boka "Mykere kristendom.Sørlandsreligion i endring", med vektlegging av kapittelet "Religiøst liv blandt de eldste eldre på Sørlandet".

• Nilsen, Arild & Sævareid, Hans Inge (2005). Religiøst liv blandt de eldste eldre på Sørlandet, Mykere kristendom? : sørlandsreligion i endring / Pål Repstad og Jan-Olav Henriksen (red.). Fagbokforlaget. s. 106–118. Vis sammendrag

  Kapittelet fokuserer på de eldste eldres (80+) religiøsitet, og samenlikner noen religiøse oppfatninger i et generasjonsperspektiv. Den er endel av foskningsprosjektet "Gud på Sørlandet". Det er en kvantitativ studie hvor eldre sørlendinger (n=196) samenliknes med yngre (n=279) m.h.t Gudstro, forhold til Jesus, deltakelse i religiøse aktivteter og bønn. Resultatene viser en sekulariseringstendens og en utvikling fra "forkjellsreligion" til "mykere religion".

• Skaar, Ragnhild; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Fensli, Marthe (2005). Care Services for Elderly: state of art and perspectives Services for Elderly in Norway, Italy, Austria, Germany, Estonia, Nothern Irland, Belgium, Norway. Coo.s.s. marche. Vis sammendrag

  This report put focus on home living elderly in Norway, and the health services that are offered this group of people. Main emphasis is put on the content and quality of the care services. Both services that are public and private/informal are presented. Futhermore, a presentation of the social security benefits for the elderly is given.

• Sævareid, Hans Inge & Thygesen, Elin (2004). Dagskonferansen 2004, Årbok : nytt aktuelt fagstoff om eldreomsorg på Agder. Forum for eldreomsorg.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge & Thygesen, Elin (2004). Etablering av forum for eldreomsorg på Agder, Årbok 2004. Nytt aktuelt fagstoff på Agder. Forum for eldreomsorg. Forum for eldreomsorg, Agder. s. 9–10.
• Bachke, Carl Christian & Sævareid, Hans Inge (2002). Public or Private Curative Care? A Study of Users' Preferences in Urban Tanzania. ?. 14(1), s. 1–21. Vis sammendrag

  The article's main athor is in fact Associate Professor Damas Muna, Mzumbe University, Tanzania. This study looked at preferences of Tanzanian urban-dwellers towards curative care of government/public and non.government/private hospitals respectively. A total of 245 household members, of whom 130 were women and 116 men, from Dodoma, Iringa, Mbeya and Morogoro Muncipalities, were interviewed, using a structured questionnaire with both close-ended and open-ended questions. The study revealed that preferences for the utilisation of public and private hospitals' curative care had to do with gender and sosio-economic status of the respondents. Both men and women tended to prefer public curative care services, but men were more likely to prefer private curative care than women. However, income was found to be a determinant factor for the choice of hospitals. Thus respondents with high income tended to prefer to seek curative care from private hospitals, gender not withstanding. Moreover, women tended to attach more attention to service-specific attributes, such as availability of medicines in respective hospitals, short waiting time to get treatment, and the use of polite language by the hospitals' staff. Moreover, the study established that there was no correlation between types of desease and preference of hospital, Finally, the respondents' educational level, age and marital status were non-significant factors. Lastly, some weaknesses of the study were discussed, among which is the question of the respondents' understanding of key concepts like private and public hospital.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Eide, Solveig Botnen; Grelland, Hans; Kristiansen, Aslaug; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Aasland, Dag Gjerløw (2022). Til den andres bedste. Om vejledningens etik. 2.udgave. Dansk Psykologisk Forlag. ISBN 9788771581492.
• Eide, Solveig Botnen; Grelland, Hans; Kristiansen, Aslaug; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Aasland, Dag Gjerløw (2020). Til den andres beste. En bok om veiledningens etikk. 2. utgave. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 978-82-05-53395-0. 181 s.
• Aasland, Dag Gjerløw; Grelland, Hans; Eide, Solveig Botnen; Kristiansen, Aslaug & Sævareid, Hans Inge (2014). Samarbeidets filosofi. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205461215. 210 s.
• Eide, Solveig Botnen; Grelland, Hans; Kristiansen, Aslaug; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Aasland, Dag Gjerløw (2011). Fordi vi er mennesker: En bok om samarbeidets etikk. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 9788245010039. 166 s.
• Aasland, Dag Gjerløw; Eide, Solveig Botnen; Grelland, Hans; Kristiansen, Aslaug & Sævareid, Hans Inge (2011). Kvalitet og kvalitetsopplevelse : en bok om kvalitet i arbeid med mennesker. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 9788245010916. 116 s.
• Aasland, Dag G.; Eide, Solveig Botnen; Grelland, Hans Herlof; Kristiansen, Aslaug & Sævareid, Hans Inge (2008). Til den andres beste: En bok om veiledningens etikk. Gyldendal Akademisk. 166 s. Vis sammendrag

  Boken ser på veiledning som en etisk handling og drøfter konsekvensene av dette.

• Eide, Solveig Botnen; Grelland, Hans H; Kristiansen, Aslaug; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Aasland, Dag G. (2003). Fordi vi er mennesker. En bok om samarbeidets etikk. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 8276749046. 147 s.

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• Gerstner, Thorsten Alfons; Sævareid, Hans Inge; Johnsen, Åse Ribe; Løhaugen, Gro & Skranes, Jon Sverre (2022). Sleep disturbance in children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders with and without comorbidities. .
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2020). Konspirasjonsteorier – Millimeter for millimeter har vi akseptert fortellingen om et utsatt «oss» og et truende «dem».
• Thidemann, Inger-Johanne; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Slettebø, Åshild (2020). Hva bidrar til at sykepleiere utvikler sin kompetanse? Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2020.82269.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2019). MENNESKESYN i vår samtid.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2019). SOSIAL STØTTE – ut fra Weiss’ teori.om sosiale provisjoner.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2019). Det moderne menneskelige fellesskap; en opplevelse av ensomhet, eller en opplevelse av sammenheng?
• Hansen, Linda Iren Mihaila; Dahl, Aud Findal; Fossum, Mariann; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Slettebø, Åshild (2013). Presset Kommunehelsetjeneste. Agderposten. ISSN 0805-3723.
• Thygesen, Elin & Sævareid, Hans Inge (2008). Measuring health by using a single-item question? Self-rating of health - a valueable tool in research and health care development? Vis sammendrag

  Studies show that self-rated health (SRH), as measured by the questions ¿How is you health now?¿ is a good predictor of future health status as measured by mortality and morbidity. Because SRH has strong predictive power, it is important to understand the concept and its components. The objective of this study was to examine the association between SRH and physical, functional, social and mental health measures in community dwelling elderly people needing nursing care. Of special interest was how sense of coherence (SOC) influenced this relationship. A hierarchical regression analysis was applied in a cross sectional sample of 242 elderly. Subjective health complaints in both sexes, and psychological distress (only in men), was associated directly with SRH. SOC associated with SRH directly, and indirectly through subjective perceived health (SHC and GHQ), but only in men. The influence of registered illness was mediated through the effects of subjectively perceived health in both women and men. Sex differences moderated the effects of SOC on SRH. Subjectively perceived health was more important in the perception of SRH than objective health measures. Men, in contrast to women, tend to convert physical illness into emotional distress. Further research on SRH in an multicultural context is needed.

• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2006). Salutogenic Thinking in Community Care: How does health and coping promote continued (independent) community dwelling among care dependent elderly? Vis sammendrag

  Objective of the study: To identify coping resources (salutogenic factors) in the care dependent, home living elderly. We want to provide the health services with more scientific knowledge about the elderly living at home. In particular, we are interested in knowledge about the coping resources and coping skills that enable old people to remain in their own homes, despite loss of health, social network, etc. Empirically this leads to questions like; ?How do people find their strength and ability to cope with their everyday life"? and "How do any of us manage to stay healthy"?

• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2005). Promoting coping resources. Vis sammendrag

  To identify coping resources (salutogenic factors) in the care dependent, home living elderly. We want to provide the health services with more scientific knowledge about the elderly living at home. In particular, we are interested in knowledge about the coping resources and coping skills that enable old people to remain in their own homes, despite loss of health, social network, etc.

• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2005). Care for the Elderly at Risk of Marginalization. Vis sammendrag

  This is the Norwegian part of the project.. Data are collected in Italy, Austria and Norway. Objective: To identify coping resources (salutogenic factors) in the care dependent, home living elderly. Material: Patients in the community care, 75 years or more. Design: A longitudinal survey.

• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2005). Guidelines for service providers and health care professionals. Vis sammendrag

  We want to provide the health services with more scientific knowledge about the elderly living at home. In particular, we are interested in knowledge about the coping resources and coping skills that enables old people to remain in their own homes, despite loss of health, social network, etc.

• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2005). CARMA Care for the Elderly at risk of marginalization. Vis sammendrag

  Scope and objectives of the CARMA project: Identify origins and mechanisms leading to marginalization. Describe and analyse how the services are structured, and how they are functioning with regard to the needs of the elderly. Study the mechanisms causing that somebody is not able to benefit from the services / or does not get access to the services / or that are considered as ?complicated patients?. Study the coping resources in home living elderly. Study the collaboration between the public services and the informal services.

• Fensli, Marthe; Sævareid, Hans Inge & Skaar, Ragnhild (2005). The relationship between perceived social intergration and living arrangements. Vis sammendrag

  A study of the contact with acquaintances and the perceived social intergration, in elderly, living in their own houses or in sheltered houses.

• Sævareid, Hans Inge; Fensli, Marthe; Skaar, Ragnhild & Stordalen, Jørn (2005). Recommendations and Guidelines for Policy Makers and Service Providers from University of Bergen. Vis sammendrag

  The various WP's have revealed areas of risk of marginalization, - and adequate proposals for solving the problems have been given in our documents. In the past, numerous papers and thesis about improvements of health care have been developed and published, but often they ended up as "good proposals" or as "decorations" in bookcases. We must avoid such a fate for the CARMA proposals! CARMA wants to provide guidelines (and text-book material) at different levels: Macro: Guidelines for Policy Makers and Social Service Providers Meso: Guidelines for the Training of Staff in Social Services Micro: Guidelines for Private Networks and Self-Help Groups

• Sævareid, Hans Inge; Fensli, Marthe; Skaar, Ragnhild & Stordalen, Jørn (2005). Coping in the elderly Internal and external resourses, contributing to satisfactory coping of everyday life. Vis sammendrag

  According to the theory of salutogenesis, health is affected by coping resources. When planning future services the elderly, the ability o prdict future care needs is of major importance. The aim of the study was to provide the health services more knowledge about the factors that brings health, and therefore helps people to maintain an independent living. The results underline the importance of both internal and external coping resources in the eldrely. To promote teh internal strength of a patient, and an optimal benefit from the external resoursces, both "human work" and "expert work" is required.

• Sævareid, Hans Inge; Fensli, Marthe; Skaar, Ragnhild & Stordalen, Jørn (2005). Guidelines for Professional Caregivers. Vis sammendrag

  Nettstedet presenterer retningslinjer for hvordan helsepersonell kan hindre marginalisering hos eldre som er utsatt for dette. Objektives/Aims of the project is to understand what kind of processes that contribute marginalization in old age; to understand how this processes interact with elderly care systems; describe features of groups at greater risk of social exclusion and marginalization; introduce the vulnerabilities of specific groups of older people and identifying groups at risk of social exclusion; point out obstacles for the establishment of inclusive care

• Sævareid, Hans Inge; Thygesen, Elin; Nygaard, Harald & Lindstrøm, Torill Chr (2005). Self-rated health and subjective and objective health measures in a sample of home living elderly women and men in need of nursing care. Does sense of coherence affect the relationship? International Psychogeriatrics. ISSN 1041-6102. 17(Suppl 2), s. 299–300. doi: 10.1017/S1041610205002371.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge & Thygesen, Elin (2004). Modell for styrking av tverrfaglig samarbeid i eldreomsorgen i Agder-regionen. Hva gjøres i praksis?
• Sævareid, Hans Inge & Thygesen, Elin (2004). Forum for eldreomsorg i Agderregionen. ?. 2.
• Thygesen, Elin & Sævareid, Hans Inge (2002). Presentasjon av Forum for eldreomsorg.
• Dahl, Aud Findal; Sævareid, Hans Inge; Tønsberg, Anne K. F. & Thygesen, Elin (2002). Skisse til mastergrad i eldreomsorg.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2000). Etiske dilemma i forhold til bruk av tvang overfor ulike brukergrupper.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2000). Etikk og menneskesyn. Helsearbeideres møte med gamle pasienter.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2000). Etikk og menneskesyn. Helsearbeideres møte med gamle pasienter.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2000). Fra Orfeus til Euripedes, Sokrates, Platon og Aristoteles; om klassiske gresk filosofi. Fra Fra Mythos til Logos; om den tidlige utvikling av vitenskapsfilosofien. Tanken fra Athen og troen fra Jerusalem; om sammentreffet som skapte Europa. Det platonsk-aristoteliske vitenskapsidealet, bruddet, og humaiora.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2000). Fra oldtidens akademier til helsefaglig forskning i Norge. Vitenskapsteoretisk reise fra det platonsk-aristoteliske vitenskapsidealet til moderne omsorgsforskning. Om naturvitenskap, formalvitenskap, samfunnsvitenskap og humaniora i fagutviklingen.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2000). Menneskesyn, idehistorie og vitenskapsteori for videreutdanninger i helsefag.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2000). Vitenskapsteori.
• Sævareid, Hans Inge (2013). Health, coping and independent living in community-residing older care recipients. Universitetet i Bergen. ISSN 978-82-308-2301-9.
• Høie, Magnhild & Sævareid, Hans Inge (2006). Gravides røykevaner i Aust-Agder 2004. Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 8271175793.
• Thygesen, Elin & Sævareid, Hans Inge (2003). Forum for eldreomsorg - hvorfor og hva? Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 8271174827. Vis sammendrag

  Forum for eldreomsorg er en faglig interessegruppe for de som er opptatt av geriatri og eldreomsorg. Målet er å stimulere til forskning, fagutvikling og kompetanseutvikling innen fagomsådet eldreomsorg, samt å stimulere til samarbeid mellom høgskole- og forskningsmiljøer, og det kliniske feltet i regionen. Forumet har fire hovedsatsningsområder: 1. Etablere og drive en "nettside" med nyttig informasjon om eldreomsorg 2. Utgi en årbok der temaer innen eldreomsorg tas opp 3. Avholde en årlig dagskonferanse på Agder 4. Etablere og publisere en medlemsmatrikkel, med navn, adresse og telefonnummer for medlemmer

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